加工型马铃薯品种微型薯种薯贮藏期内源激素含量、阈值和休眠期相关性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】加工型马铃薯微型薯作为生产高质量脱毒原种用种薯，其休眠持续时间和发芽时间有着重要的经济意义。探究加工型马铃薯微型薯种薯在不同贮藏温度下，随着贮藏时间延长，微型薯中内源激素含量与其休眠期的关系，可为加工型马铃薯微型薯种薯的高质量贮藏提供理论依据。【方法】采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法，测定微型薯在3种不同贮藏温度（4℃、10℃、20℃）下连续贮藏150 d，其内源赤霉素（GA₃）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）的含量，分析不同贮藏时间和温度下内源激素含量变化对微型薯休眠解除程度影响，并根据内源激素水平动态变化进行激素与休眠的相关性推导。【结果】在整个贮藏期（150 d）间，随着贮藏温度提高，两个品种夏波蒂和大西洋休眠解除时间显著缩短，在4℃贮藏150 d后，两个品种休眠均未完全解除，在10℃和20℃贮藏条件下，大西洋比夏波蒂休眠解除早15 d左右。在整个贮藏期（150 d）间，随着贮藏时间延长和贮藏温度提高，GA₃含量显著上升，在10℃贮藏150 d时，大西洋和夏波蒂中GA₃含量分别是4℃贮藏条件下的1.7和1.9倍，在20℃贮藏150 d时，大西洋和夏波蒂中GA₃含量分别是4℃贮藏条件下的1.9和2.0倍。IAA含量在贮藏后期（90—150 d）显著上升，在10℃贮藏150 d时，大西洋和夏波蒂中IAA含量分别是4℃贮藏条件下的1.5和1.2倍，在20℃贮藏150 d时，大西洋和夏波蒂中IAA含量分别是4℃贮藏条件下的1.9和1.5倍。ABA含量显著下降，在4℃贮藏150 d时，大西洋和夏波蒂中ABA含量是10℃贮藏条件下的7.2和6.4倍。在整个贮藏期（150 d）间，（GA₃+IAA）/ABA比值显著提高。对（GA₃+IAA）/ABA比值与种薯发芽率相关性分析表明，（GA₃+IAA）/ABA比值与种薯发芽率呈极显著线性正相关。根据（GA₃+IAA）/ABA比值与种薯发芽率之间的线性关系推断出夏波蒂和大西洋休眠解除时，（GA₃+IAA）/ABA临界阈值分别为52.02和48.49。当（GA₃+IAA）/ABA比值超过临界阈值后，微型薯种薯的发芽率超过50%，休眠解除。【结论】微型薯中内源激素GA₃、IAA和ABA含量动态平衡变化以及发芽率明显受贮藏时间和贮藏温度影响。通过对块茎内源激素比值和发芽率的相关性分析获得（GA₃+IAA）/ABA临界阈值计算方法和范围，为加工型马铃薯种薯贮藏精准控制提供了理论依据和技术参数。

关键词: 马铃薯, 休眠期, 内源激素, 微型薯种薯, 阈值

Abstract: 【Objective】The dormancy breaking and sprouting of processing potato varieties seed minituber are very important for potato production because of economic purpose. The relationship amongendogenous phytohormone levels, threshold values and dormancy periods were investigated under different storage temperatures and storage periods. The present researches will provide not only a technical parameter for storage, but also a suitable storage conditions for processing potato varieties seed minituber. 【Method】The contents of endogenous phytohormones GA₃, IAA and ABA in seed minitubers were determined using HPLC after storage at three temperatures (4℃, 10℃ and 20℃) during 0-150 d. The effects of endogenous phytohormone levels on the processes of minituber dormancy breaking under different storage days and temperatures were analyzed. The linear relationship between the level of dynamic balance of endogenous phytohormone and the dormancy periods were deduced.【Result】The periods of dormancy breakage were significantly shorter in Shepody and Atlantic cultivars with the increase storage temperature from 4℃ to 10℃ and 20℃ throughout the storage period. The dormancy period of Atlantic was about 15 d shorter than Shepody under 10℃ and 20℃ storage. The contents of GA₃ were significantly increased throughout storage period. After 150 d of storage, the contents of GA₃were increased by 1.7 and 1.9 times under 10℃, by 1.9 and 2.0 times under 20℃ compared to 4℃ in Atlantic and Shepody, respectively. The contents of IAA were significantly increased during 90-150 d. After 150 d of storage, the contents of IAA were significantly increased by 1.5 and 1.2 times under 10℃, by 1.9 and 1.5 times under 20℃ compared to 4℃ in Atlantic and Shepody, respectively. The contents of ABA were significantly decreased throughout the storage period. The levels of ABA were decreased by 7.2 and 6.4 times under 10℃, respectively. The ratios of (GA₃+IAA)/ABA were significantly increased throughout the storage period. The correlation analysis indicated that there existed a strong positive linear relationship between the ratios of (GA₃+IAA)/ABA and the percentage of sprouting minitubers during storage. The linear relationship showed that the threshold values of ratio of (GA₃+IAA)/ABA were 52.02 and 48.49 in Shepody and Atlantic cultivars at time point of dormancy breakage, respectively. 【Conclusion】The result suggested that the changes in the level of dynamic balance of endogenous phytohormones GA₃, IAA and ABA in minitubers were affected by the storage period and temperature. The threshold value of ratios of (GA₃+IAA)/ABA and conclusions drawn can be an important technical parameter and can be used to control the minitubers dormancy breaking and sprouting in processing potato varieties.

Key words: dormancy period, endogenous hormone, seed minituber, threshold values

刘悦善，李成，王东霞，徐刚，王玉萍，程李香，张俊莲，王蒂，张峰. 加工型马铃薯品种微型薯种薯贮藏期内源激素含量、阈值和休眠期相关性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(2): 262-269.

LIU Yue-shan, LI Cheng, WANG Dong-xia, XU Gang, WANG Yu-ping, CHENG Li-xiang, ZHANG Jun-lian, WANG Di, ZHANG Feng. Solanum tuberosum L.; Correlation Among Endogenous Hormone Content, Threshold and Dormancy Periods in Processing Potato Varieties Minitubers During Storage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(2): 262-269.

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