ABA缓解水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫生理特性的分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确不同耐旱性水稻品种抗旱机理、研究ABA缓解水稻干旱胁迫生理机制。【方法】以粳型旱稻品种早玉香粳和常规粳稻品种南粳44为试验材料，通过盆栽试验，研究孕穗期干旱胁迫下喷施150 mg·kg^-1的脱落酸（ABA）对2个抗旱性不同水稻品种抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT）活性、膜脂过氧化程度（MDA含量）、净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、叶绿素含量及可溶性糖（SS）含量生理特性和生物量积累、产量及产量结构的影响，并比较两个品种抗旱性不同的生物学及生理原因和对ABA响应的差异。【结果】与正常水分管理相比，干旱胁迫下水稻超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性升高，一定程度上抑制丙二醛积累；大量合成可溶性糖，维持细胞渗透调节；净光合速率持续下降；气孔导度随着干旱胁迫加剧，亦呈现下降趋势；蒸腾速率表现与气孔导度较一致；叶绿素a合成受抑制，含量下降；水稻干物质积累和每盆产量下降，两品种对干旱胁迫响应差异明显，早玉香粳抗旱性显著强于南粳44。喷施ABA，短期内降低了水稻净光合速率与干物质积累，但进一步提高了水稻干旱胁迫时叶片SOD活性、降低MDA含量；同时诱导干旱胁迫时气孔关闭和降低蒸腾速率，减少水分过度消耗，提高水分利用率；对干旱胁迫时水稻有明显的保护作用，减轻干旱对水稻生理代谢功能损伤，加快复水后功能修复，保持较高叶绿素a含量，防止叶片早衰。其中对抗旱性强的品种早玉香粳作用更为明显，复水后P_n、G_s、T_r快速恢复，叶绿素a含量显著上升，促进干旱胁迫时可溶性糖合成，干物质积累更迅速，最终显著提高其干旱胁迫时单盆产量。外源ABA对南粳44的影响相对较弱，南粳44本身耐旱性弱，受干旱胁迫影响大，生理及生长特性恢复慢；对ABA较钝感，ABA虽显著提高南粳44干旱胁迫时穗粒数、结实率与千粒重，但未显著提高每盆产量。【结论】ABA对水稻具有短期“休眠”的效果，能够有效缓解孕穗期干旱胁迫对水稻生理代谢功能的损伤，促进复水后的功能修复，减轻干旱对产量的影响。抗旱性不同的水稻对ABA的响应存在差异性，抗旱性越强的品种，对ABA越敏感，喷施ABA作用越明显。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 水稻, 孕穗期, 脱落酸, 生理特性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the study is to reveal the drought tolerance mechanisms of different rice varieties and the physiological mechanisms about ABA reliving rice drought stress.【Method】Japonica drought tolerance rice Zaoyuxiangjing and conventional japonica rice Nanjing44 were pot planted until booting stage, and 150 mg·kg^-1 of abscisic acid (ABA) was sprayed on leaf to study the influence on rice antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA) content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), chlorophyll and soluble sugar(SS)content, biomass accumulation, yield per pot and yield components. Finally, their different biological and physiological drought resistance and response to ABA treatment were compared.【Result】During drought stress, rice maintained higher SOD and CAT activities, leading to a lower MDA content to a certain extent. They synthesized higher soluble sugar content to maintain cell osmotic adjustment. The leaf net P_n decreased consistently. G_s also showed a downward trend with increasing water stress, and T_r consistented with the G_s. Chlorophyll a synthesis was inhibited, and the content decreased. The result showed that dry matter accumulation and yield per pot were decreased significantly compared with CK. Two varieties showed significant differences in response to drought stress, and Zaoyuxiangjing was more drought resistant than Nanjing44. When ABA treated, P_n and dry matter accumulation were reduced in short time. While SOD activity was further improved, leading to reduction of MDA accumulation. Meanwhile, exogenous ABA induced stomatal closure during drought stress and reduced transpiration rate, the excessive water consumption was reduced and water use efficiency was improved, thus having a significant protective effect on rice, reduced the metabolic function of drought on rice physiological damage, and accelerated functional recovery after rehydration, keeping higher content of chlorophyll a to prevent leaf premature. The effect of ABA treatment was more significant on Zaoyuxiangjing. Its P_n, G_s and T_r recovered quickly after rehydration and a significant increase in chlorophyll a content. ABA also promoted its soluble sugar synthesis and dry matter accumulation more faster under drought stress, then improved its grains of per panicle, filled grain rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per pot significantly. ABA effect was weaker on Nanjing44 because of its general drought resistance. Nanjing44 was susceptible to drought stress, less sensitive to ABA, slow physiological and growth characteristics recovery. Although ABA significantly increased Nanjing 44 grains per panicle, filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight, it did not significantly increase the yield per pot.【Conclusion】The short-term “dormancy” effect on rice of ABA could relieve the physiological metabolic function damage of riceunder booting stage stress effectively, promote its functional recovery after rehydration, and mitigate the effects of drought on yield. There were differences in the response to ABA between different drought resistance varieties. The stronger drought resistance variety was more sensitive to ABA and displayed better result to exogenous ABA.

Key words: drought stress, rice, booting stage, ABA, physiological characteristic

郭贵华，刘海艳，李刚华，刘明，李岩，王绍华，刘正辉，唐设，丁艳锋. ABA缓解水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫生理特性的分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4380-4391.

GUO Gui-hua, LIU Hai-yan, LI Gang-hua, LIU Ming, LI Yan, WANG Shao-hua, LIU Zheng-hui, TANG She, DING Yan-feng. Analysis of Physiological Characteristics about ABA Alleviating Rice Booting Stage Drought Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4380-4391.

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