中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (18): 3566-3576.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫对油菜蕾薹期生理特性及农艺性状的影响

白鹏,冉春艳,谢小玉   

  1. 西南大学农学与生物科技学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,重庆 400716
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-11 修回日期:2014-02-22 出版日期:2014-09-16 发布日期:2014-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者谢小玉,E-mail:xiexy8009@ 163.com
  • 作者简介:白鹏,baipeng95@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31271673)
    重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTC2010BB1012)

Influence of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Agronomic Traits at Bud Stage of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

BAI Peng, RAN Chun-yan, XIE Xiao-yu   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University /Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716
  • Received:2013-11-11 Revised:2014-02-22 Online:2014-09-16 Published:2014-09-16

摘要: 【目的】针对长江流域特别是长江上游近几年春季降水偏少易导致干旱的特点,研究水分胁迫对油菜蕾薹期生理特性及农艺性状的影响,为揭示油菜蕾薹期抗旱机制及抗旱品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽的方式,在遮雨网室对两种抗旱性不同的油菜品种中双10号(抗旱性弱)和94005(抗旱性强)蕾薹期进行干旱胁迫,以各性状的抗旱系数研究油菜相关生理指标及农艺性状的变化,在此基础上筛选出适用于该区域油菜蕾薹期抗旱性鉴定的指标。【结果】随着干旱时间的延长,两种油菜的叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、RWC、叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶活性、株高、茎粗、一次分枝数以及单株产量抗旱系数均呈下降趋势,下降幅度与胁迫时间成正相关。其中,气孔导度、蒸腾速率抗旱系数下降幅度与材料抗旱性成正相关,其余指标则与材料抗旱性成负相关。抗旱性弱的材料气孔限制值、水分利用率抗旱系数分别呈现出上升-下降与一直下降的趋势,抗旱性强的材料则均为上升趋势。POD、SOD、CAT活性、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白相对值随着干旱胁迫时间的延长先升高后下降,抗旱性强的材料增加幅度高于抗旱性弱的材料;细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸相对值随干旱胁迫时间的延长呈上升趋势。对干旱胁迫下的油菜蕾薹期和复水后的成熟期相关指标之间的关系进行分析表明,干旱胁迫下,产量与净光合速率、RWC、叶绿素含量和一次分枝数抗旱系数呈极显著正相关,与细胞膜透性、MDA含量抗旱系数呈显著负相关。主成分分析将单株产量、净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔限制值、水分利用率、RWC、叶绿素、RuBP羧化酶、SOD、POD、CAT、细胞膜透性、MDA、可溶性糖、株高、茎粗及一次分枝数划分为第一主成分;将叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白划分为第二主成分。【结论】第一主成分的各指标(单株产量、净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔限制值、水分利用率、RWC、叶绿素、RuBP羧化酶、SOD、POD、CAT、细胞膜透性、MDA、可溶性糖、株高、茎粗及一次分枝数)变化与品种抗旱性密切相关,在油菜抗旱品种选育时可作为油菜蕾薹期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标,第二主成分的各指标(叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白)则是次要鉴选指标。

关键词: 油菜, 蕾薹期, 干旱胁迫, 生理特性, 农艺性状

Abstract: 【Objective】Against the characteristics of less precipitation which easily lead to drought in the Yangtze River Basin,especially in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the spring in recent years, the effects of water stress on physiological characters and agronomic traits at bud stage of rapeseed were studied, the aims were to reveal the drought resistance mechanism of rapeseed at bud stage, and to provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding. 【Method】The changes of associated physiological indicators and agronomic traits of rapeseed were studied by drought resistance coefficients of each character using two different drought resistance rapeseed varieties at bud stage (zhongshuang10 with low drought resistance and 94005 with high drought resistance) with drought stress experiment in pot. And filter out some indicators that apply to the local area, which can be used to identify drought resistance at bud stage of rapeseed.【Result】The results showed that the drought resistance coefficients ofnet photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf relative water content, content of chlorophyll, RuBP carboxylase activity, height per plant, stem diameter, primary branches number and seed yield per plant tended to decrease with the extension of drought stress time, and the decrease range was positively related to the time of drought stress, the decrease range of the drought resistance coefficients of stomata conductance and transpiration rate was positively related to the drought resistant ability of rapeseed, the rest of the indicators were negatively related to the drought resistance coefficients of materials. The drought resistance coefficients ofstomata limitation value and water use efficiency of low drought resistance variety presented an upward to downward and downward trend, respectively, but both of that showed an increase trend in high drought resistance variety. With the lasting of drought stress, the relative values of POD, SOD, CAT activities and soluble sugar content and soluble protein content increased firstly and then decreased, and the increase range of the high drought resistance variety was higher than that of the low drought resistance variety. The relative values of cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and proline showed an upward trend with the prolonging of drought stress. The correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly positively correlated with the drought resistance coefficients of net photosynthetic rate, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, RuBP carboxylase activity, height per plant, stem diameter and primary branches number, whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with the drought resistance coefficients of cell membrane permeability and MDA content. The principal component analysis divided the yield per plant, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomata limitation value, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, RuBP carboxylase, POD, SOD, CAT, cell membrane permeability, MDA, soluble sugar, height per plant, stem diameter and primary branches number into the first component and stomata conductance, transpiration rate, proline, and soluble protein were divided into the second component. 【Conclusion】After analyzing the relationship at related indicators of bud stage under drought stress and mature stage after rehydration, showed that, to improve the yield of rapeseed under drought stress, it is need to increase net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, relative water content of rapeseed leaf in bud stage and primary branches number.The variation of each indicator in the first component correlated significantly to drought resistance. These indicators can be used as the principal indicators to identify the drought resistance of rapeseed at bud stage when breeding drought-tolerant rapeseed varieties, and the secondary indicators are in the second component.

Key words: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), bud stage, drought stress, physiological characteristics, agronomic traits