裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.10.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对来自不同生态区的278份裸燕麦种质在萌发期的耐盐性进行综合评价，以期为裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性的鉴定和评价提供方法指导，同时为裸燕麦耐盐育种的亲本选择提供丰富的耐盐材料。【方法】以1.2%NaCl水溶液进行盐胁迫，以蒸馏水培养为对照，利用培养皿纸上发芽法在人工气候培养箱中进行裸燕麦种质萌发期的耐盐性鉴定，培养条件为25℃恒温、相对湿度（70±5）%、每天12 h光照（6:00—18:00）、光照强度150 μmol?m-2?s-1。以胚根至少与种子等长、苗高不短于种子长的1/2为发芽标准，培养96 h时统计各供试种质的发芽势，培养168 h时统计各供试种质的最终发芽率并测量幼苗的最长初生根长和苗高，以发芽势、发芽率、根长、苗高4个性状来鉴定供试种质对盐胁迫的反应。以基于4个鉴定指标的耐盐系数为评价依据，根据各指标耐盐系数的隶属函数值的变异系数来分配各指标的权重，利用加权隶属函数法对供试278份裸燕麦种质进行综合评价，结合聚类分析对供试种质进行耐盐性级别划分。【结果】与正常条件相比，在1.2% NaCl胁迫下，除了SHX88和NM47以外，其他所有材料的发芽势和发芽率都降低；所有材料的根长和苗高都受到抑制。不同材料在4个鉴定指标上都表现出差异。根据加权隶属函数值和聚类分析，可将供试278份裸燕麦种质分为耐盐性不同的5个级别：17份材料高度耐盐（1级）、114份材料耐盐（2级）、106份材料中等耐盐（3级）、25份材料对盐胁迫敏感（4级）、16份材料对盐胁迫高度敏感（5级）。在4项鉴定指标中，发芽势和发芽率与萌发期耐盐性的关系最为密切，但发芽率在材料间的表现比发芽势更为稳定。【结论】发芽率可作为裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性快速鉴定或种质资源初步筛选的鉴定指标。加权隶属函数法对于裸燕麦种质耐盐性综合评价具有较好的应用价值。SHX75等17份高耐盐性裸燕麦材料可进一步用于耐盐机理研究、耐盐育种以及盐碱地栽培。

关键词: 裸燕麦 , 萌发期 , 耐盐性 , 综合评价 , 筛选

Abstract: 【Objective】Salt tolerance of 278 naked oat accessions from different ecological zones at germination stage were comprehensively evaluated in order to provide a guide for identification and evaluation of salt tolerance of naked oat, and supply abundant materials of salt tolerance for breeding of salt tolerance as breeding parents.【Method】Identification for salt tolerant germplasm of naked oat was conducted in an artificial climate incubator with germination method on paper in petri dish under 1.2% NaCl aqueous solution and distilled water, respectively. The culture condition was constant temperature 25℃, relative humidity (70±5)%, 12 h light (6:00-18:00), light intensity 150 μmol?m-2?s-1 in the incubator. When the length of radicle was equal to that of kernel at least, and the shoot height was not less than 1/2 of seed length, the seed was considered as germinated. Germination potential of tested accessions was counted after 96 hours cultivation. Final germination rate, length of the longest primary root and seedling height were measured after 168 hours cultivation. These four traits were used to identify salt tolerance of tested accessions. Based on salt tolerance coefficients derived from four identification indices, the weight of each index was allocated according to variation coefficient of membership function value of four salt tolerance coefficients, and 278 naked oat accessions were evaluated for salt tolerance with the weighted membership function method and classified through cluster analysis.【Result】Compared with distilled water control, germination potential and germination rate of all accessions were declined except SHX88 and NM47, and the root length and seedling height of all accessions were suppressed by salt stress. There were differences among tested accessions based on the four kinds of identification indices. With the weighted membership function method and cluster analysis, salt tolerance of 278 naked oat accessions were comprehensively evaluated and categorized into five grades. Seventeen accessions were highly salt tolerant, 114 accessions were salt tolerant, 106 accessions were middle tolerant, 25 accessions were susceptible and 16 accessions were highly susceptible. Germination potential and germination rate were closer with salt tolerance at germination stage among the four identification indices, but germination rate was more variable than germination potential among tested accessions.【Conclusion】Germination rate is an efficient identification index for rapid identifying and preliminary screening of salt tolerant accessions. The weighted membership function method has good application value in the comprehensive evaluation of tolerance of naked oat to salt stress. SHX75 and other sixteen naked oat accessions which are highly tolerant to salt stress have provided a basis for breeding, cultivation and mechanism research of salt tolerance.

Key words: Avena nuda L. , germination stage , salt tolerance , comprehensive evaluation , screening

陈新1, 张宗文1, 2, 吴斌2. 裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(10): 2038-2046.

CHEN Xin-1, ZHANG Zong-Wen-1, 2 , WU Bin-2. Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Screening for Salt Tolerant Accessions of Naked Oat (Avena nuda L.) at Germination Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(10): 2038-2046.

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