不同深耘及施穗肥方式对水稻根系活力、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明不同深耘施穗肥方式对水稻根系活力、籽粒灌浆动态及产量的影响。【方法】采用大田完全随机小区试验，在倒四叶期设置平作撒施、深耘撒施、开沟起垄撒施和深耘深施4个氮素穗肥处理，对不同深耘施穗肥方式下水稻生育后期伤流强度、籽粒灌浆动态及稻谷产量的差异进行研究。【结果】与平作撒施相比，不同深耘施穗肥方式显著提高水稻的基部节间和穗颈节间伤流强度和稻谷产量，以深耘深施肥措施最好，其次为开沟起垄撒施、深耘撒施。不同深耘施穗肥方式下强、弱势粒最大生长量、起始势、相对起始势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均有提高。【结论】在砂壤土水稻田中，水稻生育中期可采用深耘处理提高根系和籽粒库容活力，改善籽粒灌浆进程，进而提高稻谷产量。

关键词: 水稻, 深耘, 氮肥, 根系活力, 籽粒灌浆, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of deep tillage and panicle fertilization on rice root activity, grain filling dynamics and yield were studied.【Method】A field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments at top forth leaf stage. The treatments were broadcast-application without deep tillage, broadcast-application with deep tillage, broadcast- application with deep tillage, furrowing and ridging, and deep-application with deep tillage. 【Result】Rice yield and the bleeding intensity at the basal internode and neck-panicle node increased significantly in different treatments of deep tillage and panicle fertilization compared with the control. Deep-application with deep tillage showed the greatest positive effect, followed by broadcast-application with deep tillage, furrowing and ridging, and broadcast-application with deep tillage. Maximum grain weight, initial grain filling potential, relatively initial grain filling potential, maximum grain filling rate, and mean grain filling rate of inferior and superior grains were both increased under the different deep tillage and panicle fertilization patterns.【Conclusion】At the middle growth stage, deep tillage could increase the vigor of root and sink, improve grain-filling process, and then enhance grain yield of rice grown in sandy loam soil.

Key words: rice, deep tillage, nitrogen fertilizer, root activity, grain-filling dynamics, yield

张静, 张志, 杜彦修, 李俊周, 孙红正, 赵全志. 不同深耘及施穗肥方式对水稻根系活力、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(19): 4115-4122.

ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Zhi, DU Yan-Xiu, LI Jun-Zhou, SUN Hong-Zheng, ZHAO Quan-Zhi. Effects of Different Treatments of Deep Tillage and Panicle Fertilization on Root Activity, Grain-Filling Dynamics and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(19): 4115-4122.

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