洱海北部地区环境友好型种植模式筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】从经济和环境效益角度筛选适宜当地种植的间作模式。【方法】在洱海北部地区罗时江边上关镇兆邑村开展田间小区试验，样品经室内分析后，依据所得数据分析不同间作模式农田养分平衡、经济效益、商品品质及土壤养分残留状况。采用主观赋权和客观赋权相结合的方法，确定经济效益、商品品质和土壤氮磷残留4个因素作为间作模式中影响经济和环境效益的指标集，将指标作为基础数据，运用模糊综合评价方法对不同间作模式进行评价。【结果】蚕豆和大蒜按1﹕3比例间作在14种间作模式中综合得分最高，是兼顾经济和环境效益的环境友好型种植模式。其次为洋葱和大蒜1﹕3比例间作模式，得分0.624，经济效益好，但环境效益略差。黑麦草和大蒜1﹕3比例间作模式的得分0.609，排第三，环境效益较优，但经济效益偏低。得分最低的为油菜和大蒜1﹕1比例间作模式，得分0.084，该模式主要由于作物搭配不适，导致经济和环境效益均偏低。【结论】蚕豆和大蒜按1﹕3比例间作是适宜当地种植的经济、环境效益双赢模式。

关键词: 环境友好, 种植模式, 环境效益, 经济效益, 模糊数学

Abstract: 【Objective】Screening of intercropping patterns suitable for local planting was studied from the standpoint of economic benefit and environmental benefit.【Method】A field plot experiment was carried out on Luoshijiang edge of the northern region of Erhai Lake where Zhaoyi village of Shangguan town is situated; Nutrient balance, economic benefits, crop quality and soil nutrient residue status of intercropping patterns were analyzed after samples were tested in the laboratory. The four factors influencing economic and environmental benefits were identified as the index set in the intercropping by using methods of subjective weight and objective weight, and these factors are revenue, quilty of commodity, inorganic nitrogen in soil and rapidly available phosphorus in soil. Different intercropping patterns were evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. 【Result】The results showed that the score of Vicia fava and garlic intercropping mode with area of vicia fava and garlic ratio of 1﹕3 was the highest in the 14 intercropping modes, and it was an environment-friendly cultivation mode because both economic and environmental benefits were higher than other modes. Followed by the onion and garlic intercropping mode with area of onion and garlic ratio of 1﹕3, and its score was 0.624, its economic benefits was better than others, but the environmental effect slightly worse than others. Ryegrass and garlic intercropping mode with area of ryegrass and garlic ratio of 1﹕3, and it was ranked the third for the score was 0.609, optimum environmental benefits, but the input was lower. The lowest score of the rape and garlic intercropping mode with area of rape and garlic ratio of 1﹕1, and its score was 0.084, its economic and environmental benefits was lower because of the large differences in plant height.【Conclusion】In this study, the appropriate local environment-friendly planting mode was Vicia fava and garlic ratio of 1﹕3.

Key words: environment-friendly, planting patterns, environmental benefits, economic benefits, fuzzy mathematics

汤秋香, 刘宏斌, 雷宝坤, 翟丽梅, 胡万里, 罗新华, 张继宗, 任天志. 洱海北部地区环境友好型种植模式筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(12): 2375-2383.

TANG Qiu-Xiang, LIU Hong-Bin, LEI Bao-Kun, DI Li-Mei, HU Wan-Li, LUO Xin-Hua, ZHANG Ji-Zong, REN Tian-Zhi. Screening of Environment-friendly Cropping Mode in the Northern Region of Erhai Lake[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(12): 2375-2383.

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