花后开放式增温对小麦产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】采用开放式红外增温技术，研究花后开放条件下温度升高对小麦产量及品质的影响，为评估未来气候变暖对江淮地区冬小麦的影响提供理论依据。【方法】以扬麦16为材料，采用开放式红外增温技术，于2009—2011年通过设计不同的增温时间（全天增温、白天增温、夜间增温）和不同的增温幅度（1.5、3℃）来模拟未来气候变暖不同情景和不同增温程度下气温升高对小麦产量及其构成因素和品质（主要是淀粉和蛋白质）的影响。【结果】该增温系统实际增温值低于设计值，在本试验条件下，花后不同增温处理的小麦产量、穗粒数和千粒重均呈现下降趋势，并随增温幅度提高下降的幅度增大，而且小麦产量在不同增温水平下，都以全天增温处理的产量损失最大，花后小麦冠层在全天、白天和夜间的平均温度分别为20.8、23.7和16.9℃的基础上升高1.8℃左右，产量损失可达22.3%；花后增温增加了小麦籽粒粗蛋白和湿面筋的含量，两年试验中粗蛋白和湿面筋含量均以处理6（夜间增温3℃）增加最多，增幅分别为7.9%和13.2%；蛋白组分方面，增温处理对蛋白组分的影响较为复杂，但两年结果显示谷蛋白显著提高，因此谷蛋白的合成和积累易受温度的控制；另外增温处理对淀粉及其组分的影响较小。【结论】在其它生育进程不变的情况下，花后增温将会导致小麦减产，同时小麦籽粒物质组成也将发生复杂的变化，从而影响到小麦的品质。

关键词: 开放式增温, 小麦, 产量, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The study is to explore the effects of free air temperature enhancement on wheat grain yield and quality after anthesis and provides a theoretical basis for global warming affecting on wheat of Jianghuai region.【Method】Field experiments of Yangmai 16 under the warming treatments with different times (all day time, daytime and nighttime warming) and different ranges (1.5 and 3℃) by using free-air temperature enhancement (FATE) technique were conducted in Danyang to simulate the effects of warming climate on the yield and quality including protein and starch in 2010 and 2011. 【Result】 Although the actual temperatures were below the anticipated ones, compared to the control, the results showed that a downturn of yield resulted from the decrease of grain number per spike and grain weigh, the former and latter were sensitive to night and day warming, respectively. The decrease amplitude aggravated accompanied with the increasing warming levels. The result also showed that yields of all-day warming treatment lost most at different warming levels among the three warming scenarios. If the mean daily temperature increased by about 1.8℃ on the basis of mean temperature of all-day time, daytime and nighttime at about 20.8, 23.7, 16.9℃, yield losses could be up to 22.3%. Temperature enhancement after anthesis increased the content of crude protein and wet gluten, compared to other treatments, the treatment 6 (night warming 3℃) increased most of two years results and the increasing ranges were respectively 7.9%(2010) and 13.2%(2011). The effect of warming on components of protein was complex. But that on glutenin was greater than that on albumin, globulin and gliadin, the synthesize and accumulation of glutenin could be easily controlled by the temperature. Meanwhile, temperature enhancement after anthesis had no significantly effect on the content of starch. 【Conclusion】 Temperature enhancement resulted in yield reduction of the wheat without changing the growing process before anthesis, meanwhile, the constitution of grain would also be significantly changed, which led to poor quality.

Key words: free air temperature enhancement, wheat, yields, grain quality

卞晓波, 陈丹丹, 王强盛, 王绍华. 花后开放式增温对小麦产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(8): 1489-1498.

BIAN Xiao-Bo, CHEN Dan-Dan, WANG Qiang-Sheng, WANG Shao-Hua. Effects of Different Day and Night Temperature Enhancements on Wheat Grain Yield and Quality after Anthesis under Free Air Controlled Condition[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(8): 1489-1498.

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