中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1455-1464.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.08.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 •    下一篇

中国常规水稻品种的更替趋势和核心骨干亲本研究

 汤圣祥, 王秀东, 刘旭   

  1. 1.中国水稻研究所,杭州 310006
    2.中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
    3.中国农业科学院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-24 出版日期:2012-04-15 发布日期:2012-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者刘 旭,E-mail:xuliu@mail.caas.net.cn
  • 作者简介:汤圣祥,E-mail:sxtang93@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项“农业生物种质资源价值评估研究”(2005DIB4J037)、农业部委托研究项目“全国种植业发展方式转变研究”、中国农业科学院院长基金项目“生产中我国水稻种质资源价值评估方法研究”

Study on the Renewed Tendency and Key Backbone-Parents of Inbred Rice Varieties (O. sativa L.) in China

 TANG  Sheng-Xiang, WANG  Xiu-Dong, LIU  Xu   

  1. 1.中国水稻研究所,杭州 310006
    2.中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
    3.中国农业科学院,北京 100081
  • Received:2011-10-24 Online:2012-04-15 Published:2012-01-17

摘要: 【目的】明确新中国成立以来中国常规水稻品种的更替趋势和核心骨干亲本。【方法】追踪、分析中国育成并推广的3 656份常规水稻品种的种植面积和血缘。【结果】新中国建立60年来,中国常规水稻品种经历了矮化育种,出现了8次新品种更新换代,其中,1953—1977年发生了3次,1978—2010年发生了5次。对中国常规新品种育成和产量提高作出重大贡献的核心骨干亲本35个,其中,籼稻19个,粳稻16个。研究同时发现,虽然中国水稻的单产和总产保持了较快增长,但是近30年来种质资源的创新和利用速度逐步减缓,高增产品种推广面积和比例逐渐下降。【结论】60年来中国育成和推广的4 000余份优良常规水稻品种及其8次品种更新换代,是提高中国常规水稻单产和总产的主因。加强优异种质的发掘、引进和创新,克服资源瓶颈是水稻育种目前面临的挑战。

关键词: 水稻, 常规品种, 核心骨干亲本, 系谱分析, 遗传改良

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the study is to explicit and understand the renewed tendency and key backbone-parents of inbred rice varieties (O.sativa L.) since 1949. 【Method】 The present study tracked and analyzed the blood relationship of 3 656 inbred rice varieties bred and extended in China. 【Result】The study indicated that during the latest period of 60 years, by dwarf breeding, inbred rice varieties have been renewed in mass scale for 8 times, among which 3 times appeared in the years of 1953-1977 and another 5 times in 1978-2010. The blood relationship analysis of variety genealogy indicated that there are 35 most important key backbone-parents (19 indica and 16 japonica ones) have been widely and long utilized in rice breeding for structuring new varieties with high yielding potential and ideal traits. On the other hand, the study also showed that though there was a rapid increase in terms of per unit yield and total rice production, but the rate of rice germplasm innovation and utilization slowed down, and the extension area and occupied proportion of modern inbred rice varieties with high yield potential reduced in the past 30 years. 【Conclusion】The release and mass extension of more than 4 000 modern inbred rice varieties as well as varieties renewed for 8 times in mass scale during 1949-2010 are the major factors in increase of inbred rice production in China. However, challenges will be faced in rice breeding programs: how to strengthen exploration, introduction and utilization of excellent rice germplasm, and how to overcome germplasm bottleneck for continuously releasing new rice varieties.  

Key words: rice, inbred variety, key backbone-parent, genealogy analysis, genetic improvement