中国农业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 322-328 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.02.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期施用含硫与含氯肥料对水稻产量及其构成要素的影响

沈浦,李冬初,高菊生,徐明岗,王伯仁,侯晓娟

  

  1. (中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室)

  • 收稿日期:2009-03-23 修回日期:2009-08-27 出版日期:2010-01-20 发布日期:2010-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 高菊生

Effects of Long-Term Application of Sulphur-Containing and Chloride-Containing Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Its Components of Rice

SHEN Pu, LI Dong-chu, GAO Ju-sheng, XU Ming-gang, WANG Bo-ren, HOU Xiao-juan
  

  1. (中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室)

  • Received:2009-03-23 Revised:2009-08-27 Online:2010-01-20 Published:2010-01-20
  • Contact: GAO Ju-sheng

摘要:

【目的】研究长期施用含硫酸根、氯离子的肥料对南方红壤水稻产量及其构成要素的影响。【方法】统计分析长期施用含硫酸根、氯离子肥料的稻田耕层土壤中SO42-、Cl-含量变化及其与早、晚水稻产量的关系。【结果】长期施用含SO42-肥料,SO42--S含量在土壤中表现为前期上升,后期下降,其含量变化与早、晚稻总产量呈显著负相关。长期施用Cl-、Cl-+SO42-、SO42-肥料,3个处理早稻和晚稻历年平均产量分别为5 738.9、5 657.5、5 633.8 kg?hm-2和4 831.9、4 603.8、4 557.0 kg?hm-2,以施Cl-处理产量最高。施SO42-处理15年后水稻产量下降迅速,显著低于施Cl-处理,至2000年后又平缓上升,各处理之间无显著差异。施氯处理土壤SO42--S含量维持在26.50 mg?kg-1左右,未出现缺硫现象。【结论】在南方红壤丘陵区水田上长期施用含硫肥料易导致土壤SO42--S过量累积,对水稻生长存在一定风险,施用含氯肥料效果要好于含硫肥料。

关键词: 水稻, 长期施肥, 含硫肥料, 含氯肥料, 产量, 构成要素

Abstract:

【Objective】 Effects of long-term application of sulphur-containing and chloride-containing chemical fertilizers on yield and its components of rice were studied in southern red soil. 【Method】 The concentration of SO42- and Cl- in paddy soil, and its relationship with yield of early and late rice were analyzed after long-term application sulphur-containing and chloride-containing, chemical fertilizers using the statistical method. 【Result】 The concentration of SO42--S in paddy soil increased first and then decreased later after long-term application of sulphur-containing chemical fertilizers, and total yield of early and late rice were showed a negative correlation with concentration of SO42--S significantly. The average yields of early rice (1982-2008) were 5 738.9, 5 657.5, 5 633.8 kg?hm-2, and the yields of late rice were 4 831.9, 4 603.8, and 4 557.0 kg?hm-2, respectively, after long-term application of Cl-, Cl-+SO42-, SO42-fertilizers. The yield was the highest under Cl- treatment. Yield of rice in SO42- treatment declined rapidly after 15 years of fertilization and was less than that of Cl- treatment significantly, but increased slowly after 2000, and the yield of the three treatments showed no significant difference. The concentration of SO42--S maintained 26.50 mg?kg-1, and the symptom of sulphur lack did not appear. 【Conclusion】 The concentration of SO42- was accumulated easily in southern hilly area paddy soil after long-term application of sulphur-containing fertilizers, which resulted in the risks of rice growth, the effects of long-term application of chloride-containing fertilizers was better than sulphur-containing fertilizers.

Key words: rice, long-term fertilization, sulphur-containing fertilizers, chloride-containing fertilizers, yield, component