拔节期和孕穗期低温处理对小麦叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究自然温度日变化模式下低温处理对小麦光合及荧光特性的影响。【方法】以温度敏感性不同的2个小麦品种扬麦16和徐麦30为材料,于拔节期和孕穗期在全自动人工气候室中进行4个低温水平和3个低温持续时间的处理,于低温处理期间及低温处理结束后7 d内每天测定小麦第一张全展叶的光合和荧光参数。【结果】低温处理期间,扬麦16和徐麦30叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（ФPSII）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）均随温度的降低而下降。拔节期低温处理期间,叶片Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ФPSII和qP随低温持续时间的延长呈先降低后升高的趋势,而孕穗期低温处理期间,则随低温持续时间的延长呈下降趋势。低温处理结束后,除孕穗期T4（T_min/T_max/T_avg,-6℃/4℃/-1℃）处理外,其他处理的叶片Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ФPSII、qP和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）均可恢复到正常水平。低温胁迫下,相对Pn与相对Fv/Fm、ФPSII、qP呈显著的正相关关系,而与相对NPQ呈显著的负相关关系,且相对Pn与相对ФPSII、qP的相关性要高于相对Fv/Fm和相对NPQ。【结论】低温主要通过降低叶片ФPSII和qP,引起小麦叶片光合速率下降,进而降低小麦干物质积累,最终导致产量下降。

关键词: 小麦, 拔节期, 孕穗期, 低温处理, 光合, 荧光

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this paper was to study the effects of low temperature treatment below the daily variation rule of natural temperature on leaf photosynthetic properties of wheat. 【Method】 The environment-controlled phytotron experiments with two different temperature sensitive wheat cultivars were conducted under four low temperature levels and two low temperature durations at jointing and booting stages. During low temperature treatment stage and in 7 days after low temperature treatments, the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in wheat leaves were measured. 【Result】 During low temperature treatment stage, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) , PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency (ФPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP) decreased with the decreasing temperature. During jointing stage, Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, ФPSII and qP decreased firstly and then increased with the increasing of low temperature duration, while the decreased trends were observed in the response of Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, ФPSII and qP to low temperature duration when low temperature treatments were conducted at booting stage. After low temperature treatments, except for T4 (T_min/T_max/T_avg, -6℃/4℃/-1℃) at booting stage, Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, ФPSII, qP and NPQ in all low temperature treatments could recover to the same status with T1. Moreover, under low temperature treatments, the relative of Fv/Fm, ФPSII and qP were significantly positively correlated to the relative Pn, while the relative NPQ was significantly negatively correlated to the relative Pn. Compared with the relative of Fv/Fm and NPQ, the correlation coefficients between the relative of ФPSII, qP and Pn were more higher. 【Conclusion】 The decreases in photosynthetic rate of leaves under low temperature condition were mainly attributed to the decreased ФPSII and qP, leading to the reduction of dry matter accumulation, finally caused the lower grain yield of wheat.

Key words: wheat, jointing stage, booting stage, low temperature treatments, photosynthetic, fluorescence

刘蕾蕾,纪洪亭,刘兵,马吉锋,肖浏骏,汤亮,曹卫星,朱艳. 拔节期和孕穗期低温处理对小麦叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(23): 4434-4448.

LIU LeiLei,JI HongTing,LIU Bing,MA JiFeng,XIAO LiuJun,TANG Liang,CAO WeiXing,ZHU Yan. Effects of Jointing and Booting Low Temperature Treatments on Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Wheat Leaf[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(23): 4434-4448.

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