|
|
|
|
|
| Effects of Dietary Fiber and Grit on Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Development, Lipometabolism, and Grit Retention of Goslings |
| JIN Ling, GAO Yu-yun, YE Hui, WANG Wen-ce, LIN Zhen-ping, YANG Hui-yong, HUANG Song-bo , YANG Lin |
1、College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
2、Shantou Baisha Research Institute of Original Species of Poultry and Stock, Shantou 515800, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 This study investigated effects of dietary fibre and grit on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, serum indexes and grit retention of Sichuan white goslings in China. The experiment was a 3×2 factorial design consisting of dietary crude fibre (CF) at 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0% levels by adding grass meal and with or without grit supplementation. A total of 720 1-d-old male goslings were randomly allocated into 36 pens of 20 goslings/pen (n=6 pens/treatment). At 21 d of age, GIT, blood samples and grit in gizzards were collected. Body weight (BW), empty BW (without GIT), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were affected by CF levels and the medium (4.0%) had the highest value. Adding grit improved BW, empty BW, ADG and ADFI. CF affected relative weight or length of proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum. Increasing CF levels decreased jejunum villus height and affected caecal crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio. Higher CF levels decreased serum triglyceride. Adding grit increased relative weight of abdominal fat. Grit addition increased grit weight in gizzard and the ratio of grit in 0.45-1 and 1-2 mm while decreasing the ratio of grit <0.45 and 2-3 mm. In conclusion, moderate CF level and grit addition increased performance of goslings without interaction. Dietary CF levels affected the development of upper GIT and serum triglyceride. Grit needed by goslings should be less than 2 mm. Goslings’ gizzard would accumulate grit from feed when other grit could not be acquired.
Abstract This study investigated effects of dietary fibre and grit on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, serum indexes and grit retention of Sichuan white goslings in China. The experiment was a 3×2 factorial design consisting of dietary crude fibre (CF) at 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0% levels by adding grass meal and with or without grit supplementation. A total of 720 1-d-old male goslings were randomly allocated into 36 pens of 20 goslings/pen (n=6 pens/treatment). At 21 d of age, GIT, blood samples and grit in gizzards were collected. Body weight (BW), empty BW (without GIT), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were affected by CF levels and the medium (4.0%) had the highest value. Adding grit improved BW, empty BW, ADG and ADFI. CF affected relative weight or length of proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum. Increasing CF levels decreased jejunum villus height and affected caecal crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio. Higher CF levels decreased serum triglyceride. Adding grit increased relative weight of abdominal fat. Grit addition increased grit weight in gizzard and the ratio of grit in 0.45-1 and 1-2 mm while decreasing the ratio of grit <0.45 and 2-3 mm. In conclusion, moderate CF level and grit addition increased performance of goslings without interaction. Dietary CF levels affected the development of upper GIT and serum triglyceride. Grit needed by goslings should be less than 2 mm. Goslings’ gizzard would accumulate grit from feed when other grit could not be acquired.
|
|
Received: 14 October 2013
Accepted:
|
| Fund: Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-43-14) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201303143). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
YANG Lin, E-mail: linyangscau@126.com
E-mail: linyangscau@126.com
|
| About author: JIN Ling, E-mail: Lindajin2013@126.com |
Cite this article:
JIN Ling, GAO Yu-yun, YE Hui, WANG Wen-ce, LIN Zhen-ping, YANG Hui-yong, HUANG Song-bo , YANG Lin.
2014.
Effects of Dietary Fiber and Grit on Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Development, Lipometabolism, and Grit Retention of Goslings. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(12): 2731-2740.
|
| Abdelsamie R E, Ranaweera K N, Nano W E. 1983. Theinfluence of fiber content and physical texture of the diet onthe performance of broilers in the tropics. British PoultryScience, 24, 383-390Adeniji A A. 2009. Effects of dietary grit inclusion on theutilization of palm kernel cake by pullet chicks. AnimalNutrition and Feed Technology, 9, 29-36Adeniji A A. 2010. Effects of dietary grit inclusion on theutilization of rice husk by pullet chicks. Tropical andSubtropical, 12, 175-180Amerah A M, Ravindran V, Lentle R G. 2009. Influenceof insoluble fiber and whole wheat inclusion on theperformance, digestive tract development and ilealmicrobiota profile of broiler chickens. British PoultryScience, 50, 366-375Bennett C D, Classen H L, Schwean K, Riddell C. 2002.Influence of whole barley and grit on live performanceand health of turkey toms. Poultry Science, 81, 1850-1855Bennett C D, Classen H L. 2003. Performance of two strains oflaying hens fed ground and whole barley with and withoutaccess to insoluble grit. Poultry Science, 82, 147-149Bjerre E R. 2007. Optimal grit, investigating grit acquisitionand site use by black brant. MSc thesis, Humboldt StateUniversity, USA.Buchsbaum R, Wilson J, Valiela I. 1986. Digestibility of plantconstituents by Canada geese and Atlantic brant. Ecology,67, 386-393Clemens E T, Stevens C E, Southworth M. 1975. Sites oforganic acid production and pattern of digesta movementin the gastrointestinal tract of geese. Journal of Nutrition,105, 1341-1350Figuerola J, Mateo R, Green A J, Mondain-Monval J Y,Lefranc H, Mentaberre G. 2005. Grit selection in waterfowland how it determines exposure to ingested lead shot inMediterranean wetlands. Environmental Conservation,32, 226-234Gabriel I M, Leconte M T S, Lalles J P A. 2008. Effects ofwhole wheat feeding on the development of the digestivetract of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science andTechnology, 142, 144-162Gao Y Y, Jiang Z Y, Lin Y C, Zheng C T, Zhou G L, Chen F.2011. Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on serous andintestinal redox status and cytokines of neonatal piglets.Journal of Animal Science, 89, 150-157Garipoglu A V, Erener G, Ocak N. 2006. Voluntary intake ofinsoluble granite-grit offered in free choice by broilers,Its effect on their digestive tract traits and performances.Asian Australas. Journal of Animal Science, 19, 549-553Gionfriddo J P, Best L B. 1995. Grit use by house sparrows,effects of diet and grit size. Condor, 97, 57-67Gionfriddo J P, Best L B. 1996. Grit-use patterns in NorthAmerican birds, the influence of diet, body size, andgender. Wilson Bulletin, 4, 685-696Gonzalez-Alvarado J M, Jimenez-Moreno E, Valencia D G,Lazaro R, Mateos G G. 2008. Effects of fiber source andheat processing of the cereal on the development and pHof the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based oncorn or rice. Poultry Science, 87, 1779-1795Graham H, Åman P. 1991. Nutritional aspects of dietary fibers.Animal Feed Science and Technology, 32, 143-158Hetland H, Choct M, Svihus B. 2004. Role of insoluble nonstarchpolysaccharides in poultry nutrition. World’s PoultryScience Journal, 60, 415-422Hetland H, Svihus B, Choct M. 2005. Role of insoluble fiber on gizzard activity in layers. Journal of Applied PoultryResearch, 1, 38-46Hetland H, Svihus B, Krogdahl A. 2003. Effects of oat hullsand wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers feddiets based on whole or ground wheat. British PoultryScience, 44, 275-282Hetland H, Svihus B. 2007. Inclusion of dust bathing materialsaffects nutrient digestion and gut physiology of layers.Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 1, 22-26Horsted K, Hermansen J E, Ranvig H. 2007. Crop content innutrient-restricted versus non-restricted organic layinghens with access to different forage vegetations. BritishPoultry Science, 48, 177-184Jamroz D, Jakobsen K, Orda J, Skorupinska J, WiliczkiewiczA. 2001. Development of the gastrointestinal tract anddigestibility of dietary fiber and amino acids in youngchickens, ducks and geese fed diets with high amounts ofbarley. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (PartA: Molecular & Integrative Physiology), 130, 643-652Jamroz D, Wertelecki T, Wiliczkiewicz A, Orda J, SkorupinskaJ. 2004. Dynamics of yolk sac resorption and post-hatchingdevelopment of the gastrointestinal tract in chickens, ducksand geese. Journal of Animal Physiology and AnimalNutrition (Berl), 88, 239-250Jimenez-Escrig A, Tenorio M D, Espinosa-Martos I, RuperezP. 2008. Health-promoting effects of a dietary fiberconcentrate from the soybean byproduct okara in rats.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 7495-7501Jimenez-Moreno E, Gonzalez-Alvarado J M, González-Sánchez D, Lázaro R, Mateos G G. 2010. Effects of typeand particle size of dietary fiber on growth performanceand digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age.Poultry Science, 89, 2197-2212Jorgensen H, Zhao X Q, Knudsen K E, Eggum B O. 1996.The influence of dietary fiber source and level on thedevelopment of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility andenergy metabolism in broiler chickens. British Journal ofNutrition, 75, 379-395Kalmendal R, Elwinger K, Holm L, Tauson R. 2011. High-fibersunflower cake affects small intestinal digestion and healthin broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 52, 86-96Klasing K C. 1999. Avian gastrointestinal anatomy andphysiology. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine,2, 42-50Koreleski J, Swiatkiewicz S. 2004. Calcium from limestonemeal and grit in laying hen diets-Effect on performance,eggshell and bone quality. Journal of Animal and FeedSciences, 13, 635-645Lee D E, Hamman M G, Black J M. 2004. Grit-site selectionof black brant, particle size or calcium content. WilsonBulletin, 116, 304-313Liu C Z, Xie D H, Zhang H T, Wang Z L, Chen Y Z. 2009.Study on optimum percentages of NSP enzyme preparationand dietary fiber for the true metabolizable energy of dietsfor geese. In: Proceeding of Comprehensive Evaluation ofEconomy and Society with Statistical Science. Qingdao,China. pp. 831-837Lu S, Shi S R, Wang Z Y, Yang H M, Zou J M. 2011. Effectsof rice husk diluted dietary switching on the phenotypicchange of gastrointestinal tract in adult ganders. BritishPoultry Science, 52, 345-351Lundin E A, Zhang J X, Lairon D, Tidehag P, Aman P,Adlercreutz H, Hallmans G. 2004. Effects of mealfrequency and high-fiber rye-bread diet on glucose andlipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols inileostomy subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,58, 1410-1419Mateos G G, Jimenez-Moreno E, Serrano M P, Lazaro RP. 2012. Poultry response to high levels of dietary fibersources varying in physical and chemical characteristics.Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21, 156-174Moore S J. 1999. Food breakdown in an avian herbivore, whoneeds teeth. Australian Journal of Zoology, 47, 625-632Moore S J. 1998a. The gizzard morphology of an avianherbivore, the domestic goose, Anser anser. AustralianJournal of Zoology, 46, 345-357Moore S J. 1998b. Use of an artificial gizzard to investigatethe effect of grit on the breakdown of grass. Journal ofZoology, 246, 119-124Moore S J. 1998c. The comparative functional gizzardmorphology of several species of birds. Australian Journalof Zoology, 4, 359-368National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements ofPoultry. 9th revised edition. National Academy Press,Washington, D.C.Norris E, Norris C, Steen J B. 1975. Regulation and grindingability of grit in the gizzard of Norwegian willow ptarmigan(Lagopus lagopus). Poultry Science, 54, 1839-1843Remington T E. 1989. Why do grouse have ceca? A test of thefiber digestion theory. Journal of Experimental ZoologySupplement, 3, 87-94Sklan D, Smirnov A, Plavnik I. 2003. The effect of dietaryfiber on the small intestines and apparent digestion in theturkey. British Poultry Science, 44, 735-740Soler J J, Soler M, Martinez J G. 1993. Grit ingestion and cerealconsumption in five corvid species. Ardea, 81, 143-149Tabook N M, Kadim I T, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W. 2006.The effect of date fiber supplemented with an exogenousenzyme on the performance and meat quality of broilerchickens. British Poultry Science, 47, 73-82Tagami S. 1974. On the variation of retention and form ofgrit in gizzard of growing chicks. Scientific Reports ofthe Faculty of Agriculture (Ibaraki University), 22, 7-13VerCauteren K C, Lavelle M J, Shively K J. 2003.Characteristics of grit in Canada goose gizzards. WildlifeSociety Bulletin, 1, 265-269Williams J, Mallet S, Leconte M, Lessire M, Gabriel I. 2008.The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides or whole wheat onthe performance and digestive tract of broiler chickens.British Poultry Science, 3, 329-339 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
