|
|
|
Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and Herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan |
Khalid Usman, Said Mir Khan, Said Ghulam, Muhammad Anwar Khan |
1.Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
2.Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
3.Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
4.Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan |
|
|
摘要 Conservational tillage (CT) in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester + isoproturon (Affinity 50 WDG) reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield (6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-1) and HI (harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%) in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage (5 575 kg ha-1) and reduced tillage (5 584 kg ha-1) compared to CT (5 479 kg ha-1). Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests’ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.
Abstract Conservational tillage (CT) in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester + isoproturon (Affinity 50 WDG) reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield (6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-1) and HI (harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%) in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage (5 575 kg ha-1) and reduced tillage (5 584 kg ha-1) compared to CT (5 479 kg ha-1). Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests’ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.
|
Received: 07 April 2011
Accepted:
|
Corresponding Authors:
Khalid Usman, Mobile: 3025791765, Tel: +92-966750087, Fax: +92-966750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com
E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com
|
About author: Khalid Usman, Mobile: 3025791765, Tel: +92-966750087, Fax: +92-966750255, E-mail: marwat7862003@yahoo.com |
Cite this article:
Khalid Usman, Said Mir Khan, Said Ghulam, Muhammad Anwar Khan .
2012.
Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and Herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(6): 946-953.
|
[1]Banik P, Pramanik P, Sarkar R R, Bhattacharya S, Chattopadhayay J. 2007. A mathematical model on the effect of M. denticulata weed on different winter crops. Biosystems, 90, 818-829. [2]Bremner J M, Mulvaney C S. 1982. Nitrogen-total. In: Page A L, Miller R H, Keeney D R, eds., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 595-682. [3]Chhokar R S, Malik R K. 2002. Isoproturon resistant Phalaris minor and its response to alternate herbicides. Weed Technology, 16, 116-123. [4]Chhokar R S, Sharma R K, Jat G R, Pundir A K, Gathala M K. 2007. Effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and productivity of wheat under rice-wheat growing system. Crop Protection, 26, 1689-1696. [5]Chhokar R S, Singh S, Sharma R K. 2008. Herbicides for control of isoproturon-resistant little seed Canary grass (Phalaris minor) in wheat. Crop Protection, 27, 719-726. [6]Erenstein O, Farooq U, Malik R K, Sharif M. 2008. On-farm impacts of zero tillage wheat in South Asia’s rice-wheat systems. Field Crops Research, 105, 240-252. [7]Gangwar K S, Singh K K, Sharma S K, Tomar O K. 2006. Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains. Soil and Tillage Research, 88, 242-252. [8]Gupta R K, Hobbs P R, Ladha J K, Prabhakar S V R K. 2002. Resource conservation technologies. In: Transforming the Rice-Wheat System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. p. 42. [9]Hassan G, Khan I, Khan H, Munir M. 2005. Effect of different herbicides on weed density and some agronomic traits of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 11, 17-22. [10]Hemmat A, Eskandari I. 2004. Conservation tillage practices for winter wheat-fallow farming in the temperate continental climate of northwestern Iran. Field Crops Research, 89, 123-133. [11]Iqbal M. 2002. Effect of weed management practices and row spacing on weed control in different wheat cultivars in NWFP, Pakistan. Ph D thesis, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan. p. 82. [12]Khalil S K, Khan A Z, Shah P, Baloch A R, Malik M F. 1999. Herbicides and row spacings effect on leaf characteristics and grains spike-1 of wheat. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 16, 13-17. [13]Khan I, Hassan G, Khan M I, Khan E A. 2004. Efficacy of some new herbicidal molecules on grassy and broadleaved weeds in wheat-II. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 10, 33-38. [14]Kumar P, Jha D, Kumar A, Chaudhary M K, Grover R K, Singh R K, Mitra A, Joshi P K, Singh A, Badal P S, et al. 2002. Economic analysis of total factor productivity of crop sector in Indo-Gangetic Plain of India by district and region. In: Agricultural Economics Research Report 2. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. [15]Li S J, Chen J K, Chen F, Li L, Zheng H L. 2008. Characteristics of growth and development of winter wheat under zero tillage in North China Plain. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 34, 290-296. [16]Mandal K G, Misra A K, Hati K M, Bandyopadhyay K K, Ghosh P K, Mohanty M. 2004. Rice residue-management options and effects on soil properties and crop productivity. Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2, 224-231. [17]Mann R A, Ashraf M, Hassan G. 2004. Wheat establishment with zero tillage for integrated weed management. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 10, 17-24. [18]Marwat K B, Saeed M, Hussain Z, Gul B. 2005. Chemical weed management in wheat in rainfed areas-I. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 11, 31-36. [19]Mohanty M, Painuli D K, Misra A K, Bandyopadhyaya K K, Ghosh P K. 2006. Estimating impact of puddling, tillage and residue management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence and growth in a ricewheat system using nonlinear regression models. Soil and Tillage Research, 87, 119-130. [20]Nelson D W, Sommers L E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page A L, Miller R H, Keeney D R, eds., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy No 9. Madison. Wisconsin, USA. pp. 539-579. [21]Ozpinar S. 2006a. Effects of tillage on productivity of a winter wheat-vetch rotation under dry land Mediterranean conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 89, 258-265. [22]Ozpinar S. 2006b. Effects of tillage systems on weed population and economics for winter wheat production under the Mediterranean dry land conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 87, 1-8. [23]Patra A K, Chhonkar P K, Khan M A. 2004. Nitrogen loss and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in response to zero-tillage and sowing time in a semi-arid tropical environment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190, 324-331. [24]Rieger S, Richner W, Streit B, Frossard E, Liedgens M. 2008. Growth, yield, and yield components of winter wheat and the effects of tillage intensity, preceding crops, and N fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 28, 405-411. [25]Soltanpour P N. 1985. Use of ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA soil test to evaluate elemental availability and toxicity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 16, 322-338. [26]Steel R G D, Torrie J H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, USA. Yenish J P, Worsham A D, Chilton W S. 1995. Disappearance of DIBOA-glucoside, DIBOA, and BOA from rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop residue. Weed Science, 43, 18-20. |
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|