Moderate soil drying mitigates the impairment of high temperature-induced spikelet opening by enhancing jasmonate accumulation in the lodicules of photo-thermosensitive male-sterile rice

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.07.026

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (8): 3169-3183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.07.026

Crop Science

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Moderate soil drying mitigates the impairment of high temperature-induced spikelet opening by enhancing jasmonate accumulation in the lodicules of photo-thermosensitive male-sterile rice

Weiyang Zhang^{1, 2#}, Ying Liu^{1, 2}, Wenqian Miao^{1, 2}, Yujiao Zhou^{1, 2}, Jun Miao^{1, 2}, Kuanyu Zhu^{1, 2}, Weilu Wang³, Yunji Xu³, Junfei Gu^{1, 2}, Hao Zhang^{1, 2}, Zhiqin Wang^{1, 2}, Lijun Liu^{1, 2}, Jianhua Zhang^{4, 5}, Jianchang Yang^{1, 2#}

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

²Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

³Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

⁴Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China

⁵State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Highlights
● Moderate soil drying (MD) mitigates high temperature (HT) stress on spikelet opening in photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile (PTGMS) rice better than the conventional well-watered (WW) method.
● The MD regime maintains osmotic and redox homeostasis in lodicules of PTGMS rice under HT stress.
● Jasmonates mediate the effectiveness of the MD regime in alleviating HT stress on spikelet opening of PTGMS rice.

Abstract
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摘要

本研究探讨了茉莉酸类物质（JAs）在适度土壤落干（MD）缓解高温胁迫诱导的光温敏核不育系（PTGMS）水稻开颖障碍中的作用。通过多年控温盆栽与露天田间试验，对两种PTGMS水稻品种在正常温度与高温条件下分别采用充分灌溉（WW）和MD策略进行系统对比。研究发现，与传统WW处理相比，MD处理显著提升了浆片中JAs的积累，有效缓解了高温诱导的开颖障碍及杂交制种产量损失。其保护机制主要通过以下途径实现：（1）促进淀粉水解为可溶性糖，（2）上调水通道蛋白基因表达，（3）增强抗氧化能力，从而维持浆片细胞的渗透压与氧化还原平衡。通过JAs缺陷突变体、不同JAs合成能力的转基因水稻以及外源JAs处理，进一步验证了JAs在这一机制中的核心作用。研究结果表明，MD通过调控JAs水平维持浆片的渗透压与氧化还原平衡，是一种比传统WW更有效的栽培策略，能够在高温胁迫下显著改善PTGMS水稻的开颖能力，提高杂交制种产量。

Abstract

This study investigated the role of jasmonates (JAs) in mitigating the impairment of high temperature (HT) stress-induced spikelet opening in photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile (PTGMS) rice under controlled moderate soil drying (MD). Two PTGMS rice varieties were grown under normal temperature (NT) and HT conditions, paired with either well-watered (WW) or MD strategies during anthesis, in both controlled-climate pot and open-air field conditions over multiple years. The MD treatment demonstrated significant protective effects compared to the conventional WW regime under HT stress, which significantly reduced the levels of JAs in lodicules and worsened spikelet opening impairment and hybrid seed yield loss. The MD regime enhanced the accumulation of JAs in lodicules, effectively alleviating HT-induced spikelet opening impairment and hybrid seed yield reduction. This protective mechanism operates through multiple pathways: (1) promoting starch hydrolysis into soluble sugars, (2) upregulating the expression of aquaporin genes, and (3) enhancing antioxidant capacity, thereby maintaining cellular osmotic and redox homeostasis in the lodicules. The crucial role of JAs in this mechanism was confirmed using JA-deficient mutants, transgenic rice lines with varying JA biosynthetic capacities, and exogenous applications of JAs. These findings indicate that MD is a more effective cultivation strategy than traditional WW in protecting PTGMS rice from HT stress, which is achieved by modulating levels of JAs to maintain osmotic and redox homeostasis in the lodicules, thus improving spikelet opening and hybrid seed yield under HT stress during anthesis.

Keywords: high temperature moderate soil drying jasmonates spikelet opening photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile (PTGMS) rice

Received: 03 March 2025 Accepted: 08 July 2025 Online: 29 July 2025

Fund:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372214, 32272198, 32071943, 31771710, and 32201888), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD-2020-01), the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University, China (YZU-2028-01), and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, China (GRF 12101722, 12102423, and 12105824).

About author: #Correspondence Weiyang Zhang, E-mail: wyz@yzu.edu.cn; Jianchang Yang, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

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Weiyang Zhang, Ying Liu, Wenqian Miao, Yujiao Zhou, Jun Miao, Kuanyu Zhu, Weilu Wang, Yunji Xu, Junfei Gu, Hao Zhang, Zhiqin Wang, Lijun Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Jianchang Yang. 2026. Moderate soil drying mitigates the impairment of high temperature-induced spikelet opening by enhancing jasmonate accumulation in the lodicules of photo-thermosensitive male-sterile rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(8): 3169-3183.

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