Soil nitrogen dynamics regulate differential nitrogen uptake between rice and upland crops

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.03.014

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (1): 302-312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.03.014

Agro-ecosystem & Environment

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Soil nitrogen dynamics regulate differential nitrogen uptake between rice and upland crops

Shending Chen^{1, 2, 5}, Ahmed S. Elrys^{1, 3, 4}, Siwen Du², Wenyan Yang¹, Zucong Cai^{2, 4}, Jinbo Zhang^{1, 4#}, Lei Meng^1#, Christoph Müller^{4, 5, 6}

¹School of Breeding and Multiplication/Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China

² School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

³ Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

⁴Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany

⁵Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany

⁶School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland

Highlights
● The characteristics of gross N transformations regulate soil N dynamics.
● Soil N dynamics matching with crop N preference affect crop N uptake.
● Heterotrophic nitrification enhances N uptake in upland systems.
● Autotrophic nitrification constrains N uptake in rice systems.

Abstract
References

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摘要

水稻氮利用效率普遍低于旱地作物。土壤氮动态和作物氮形态偏好的差异可能是导致这一现象的重要因素。然而，目前对稻田和旱地土壤氮初级转化速率的差异及其对作物氮吸收的影响仍然知之甚少。我们分析了全球136项研究中的2044个农田土壤氮初级转化速率的观测结果，以期阐明全球尺度上稻田和旱地土壤氮动态特点及其对水稻和旱地作物氮吸收的影响。研究结果表明，水稻土氮初级矿化和自养硝化速率明显低于旱地土壤，而硝酸盐异化还原为铵速率高于旱地。长期淹水环境和水稻土全氮含量较低是导致上述差异的主要因素。土壤氮初级矿化和自养硝化速率调控土壤可利用氮供应量以及铵态氮与硝态氮的比例。水稻铵态氮吸收速率明显高于旱地作物，而旱地作物硝态氮吸收速率则超过水稻的两倍。水稻土铵态氮供应能力较低以及自养硝化作用对铵态氮的竞争及硝化-反硝化氮损失是水稻氮利用率低的重要原因。异养硝化作用有利于提升旱地作物氮吸收。这些结果表明，农田土壤氮动态与作物氮吸收偏好的契合程度对于提高作物生产力并减少活性氮污染具有重要意义。

Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency in rice is lower than in upland crops, likely due to differences in soil nitrogen dynamics and crop nitrogen preferences. However, the specific nitrogen dynamics in paddy and upland systems and their impact on crop nitrogen uptake remain poorly understood. The N dynamics and impact on crop N uptake determine the downstream environmental pollution from nitrogen fertilizer. To address this poor understanding, we analyzed 2,044 observations of gross nitrogen transformation rates in soils from 136 studies to examine nitrogen dynamics in both systems and their effects on nitrogen uptake in rice and upland crops. Our findings revealed that nitrogen mineralization and autotrophic nitrification rates are lower in paddies than in upland soil, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is higher in paddies, these differences being driven by flooding and lower total nitrogen content in paddies. Rice exhibited higher ammonium uptake, while upland crops had over twice the nitrate uptake. Autotrophic nitrification stimulated by pH reduced rice nitrogen uptake, while heterotrophic nitrification enhanced nitrogen uptake of upland crops. Autotrophic nitrification played a key role in regulating the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio in soils, which further affected the balance of plant nitrogen uptake. These results highlight the need to align soil nitrogen dynamics with crop nitrogen preferences to maximize plant maximize productivity and reduce reactive nitrogen pollution.

Keywords: Paddy soil upland soil plant nitrogen uptake N mineralization nitrification ¹⁵N tracing study

Received: 03 December 2024 Accepted: 13 February 2025 Online: 22 March 2025

Fund:

This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD1501602), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42407437). The study was also conducted as part of the Coordinated Research Project D1.50.16, implemented by the Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Vienna, Austria.

About author: #Correspondence Jinbo Zhang, Mobile: +86-13805188487, E-mail: zhangjinbo@hainanu.edu.cn; Lei Meng, Mobile: +86-13707546016, E-mail: menglei@hainanu.edu.cn

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Shending Chen, Ahmed S. Elrys, Siwen Du, Wenyan Yang, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Lei Meng, Christoph Müller. 2026. Soil nitrogen dynamics regulate differential nitrogen uptake between rice and upland crops. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(1): 302-312.

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