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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2019, Vol. 18 Issue (7): 1474-1485    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62102-1
Special Focus: Ecological functions of biochar Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Straw and biochar strongly affect functional diversity of microbial metabolism in paddy soils
YUAN Hong-zhao1, ZHU Zhen-ke1, WEI Xiao-meng1, LIU Shou-long1, PENG Pei-qin2, Anna Gunina1, 3, SHEN Jian-lin1, Yakov Kuzyakov1, 4, 5, 6, GE Ti-da1, WU Jin-shui1, WANG Jiu-rong1 
1 Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, P.R.China
2 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P.R.China
3 Department of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow 119017, Russian Federation
4 Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
5 Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420049, Russian Federation
6 Agro-Technology Institute, RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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Abstract  
The application of straw and biochar is widely practiced for the improvement of soil fertility.  However, its impact on microbial functional profiles, particularly with regard to paddy soils, is not well understood.  The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of microbial carbon use patterns in paddy soils amended with straw or straw-derived biochar in a 3-year field experiment in fallow soil and at various development stages of a rice crop (i.e., tillering and blooming).  We applied the community level physiological profiling approach, with 15 substrates (sugars, carboxylic and amino acids, and phenolic acid).  In general, straw application resulted in the greatest microbial functional diversity owing to the greater number of  available C sources than in control or biochar plots.  Biochar amendment promoted the use of α-ketoglutaric acid, the mineralization of which was higher than that of any other substrate.  Principal component analyses indicated that microbial functional diversity in the biochar-amended soil was separated from those of the straw-amended and control soils.  Redundancy analyses revealed that soil organic carbon content was the most important factor regulating the pattern of microbial carbon utilization.  Rhizodeposition and nutrient uptake by rice plants modulated microbial functions in paddy soils and stimulated the microbial use of N-rich substances, such as amino acids.  Thus, our results demonstrated that the functional diversity of microorganisms in organic amended paddy soils is affected by both physicochemical properties of amendment and plant growth stage. 
 
Keywords:  carbon metabolism        microbial functional diversity        biochar amendment        paddy soil        MicroRespTM   
Received: 22 June 2018   Online: 28 September 2018   Accepted:
Fund: This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0101100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771334, 41771337 and 31470629), the Youth Innovation Team Project of the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017QNCXTD_GTD), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Instrument Function Development Project, and the Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University and by the “RUDN University program 5–100”.
Corresponding Authors:  Correspondence ZHU Zhen-ke, Tel: +86-731-84615234, Fax: +86-731-84612685, E-mail: zhuzhenke@isa.ac.cn   
About author:  YUAN Hong-zhao, Tel: +86-731-84619733, E-mail: yuanhongzhao @isa.ac.cn;

Cite this article: 

YUAN Hong-zhao, ZHU Zhen-ke, WEI Xiao-meng, LIU Shou-long, PENG Pei-qin, Anna Gunina, SHEN Jian-lin, Yakov Kuzyakov, GE Ti-da, WU Jin-shui, WANG Jiu-rong. 2019. Straw and biochar strongly affect functional diversity of microbial metabolism in paddy soils. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(7): 1474-1485.

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