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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (4): 1402-1417    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.014
Crop Science Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Proteomic investigation reveals the molecular mechanisms of plant height regulation in foxtail millet

Zhiying Zhao2*, Wanting Li1*, Yifei Wang1, Meng Jin2, 3, Wenqiang Tang1, Jiayi Li1, Renliang Zhang2, Yaxian Zhang1, Peiyong Xin4, 5, Jinfang Chu4, 5, Yingjie Gao1, Sha Tang2#, Xianmin Diao2#, Baowen Zhang1#

1 Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ministry of Education/Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology/Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation/Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology/College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China

2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

3 National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement/College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

4 National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing)/Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

 Highlights 
Proteomics of internode, node and leaf at jointing stage explains plant height.
Auxin signaling activates the auxin response factor (ARF)–small auxin up RNA (SAUR) module to promote internode elongation.
Two SiSAUR-like haplotypes are linked to plant height and separated by a marker.
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摘要  株高是农艺性状中的一个重要特征,理想的植物高度对于提高作物产量至关重要。谷子(Setaria italica)是一种新型的二倍体C4模型作物。本研究对两个不同株高的谷子品种Ci846Yugu 18拔节期的节间、节和叶片进行了蛋白质组分析。研究结果表明,植物激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路等过程存在不同程度的富集差异。值得一提的是,适当含量的生长素能够激活下游SiARFs-SiSAURs的表达,从而增加节间的长度。对SiSAUR-like的单倍型分析发现了与株高关联的两种差异单倍型,Hap1Hap2。分子标记SiSAUR-like-FCM1-2能够有效区分不同谷子品种中的Hap1Hap2。此外,研究还发现另外两个基因(SiGH3SiTCH4)与株高调节相关。综上所述,本研究不仅揭示了生长素调节因子在拔节期调节株高中的关键作用,而且提供了对分子育种工作极具价值的分子标记。这项研究的发现有助于阐明株高决定的分子机制,并为作物品种创新和育种工作奠定基础。

Abstract  

Plant height is an essential characteristic of agronomic traits, and an ideal plant height is essential for achieving high crop yields.  Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) has become a novel diploid C4 model crop.  The proteomic profiles of the internode, node, and leaf in two foxtail millet varieties with different heights, Ci846 and Yugu 18, were investigated at the jointing stage in this study.  There were different degrees of enrichment in various processes, such as plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, and others.  In particular, the proper content of auxin could activate downstream SiARFs-SiSAURs expression, which enhances the length of internodes.  Haplotype analysis of SiSAUR-like revealed two differential haplotypes of associated plant height, Hap1 and Hap2.  The molecular marker SiSAUR-like-FCM1-2 can effectively separate materials into Hap1 and Hap2.  Two additional genes, designated SiGH3 and SiTCH4, were found to be associated with plant height regulation.  In conclusion, this study not only uncovers the crucial role of auxin regulators in modulating plant height during the jointing stage but also provides molecular markers that will be invaluable for molecular breeding efforts.  The findings of this research help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of plant height determination that can be used for crop variety innovation and breeding.

Keywords:  plant height       proteomics        foxtail millet        auxin        molecular marker  
Received: 13 March 2024   Accepted: 09 May 2024 Online: 27 June 2024  
Fund: This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32241042), the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department, China (BJ2021029), the Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Hebei Province, China (C2021205011), and the Graduate innovation Funding Project of Hebei Normal University, China (XCXZZSS202337). 
About author:  Zhiying Zhao, E-mail: zhiyingzh@126.com; Wanting Li, E-mail: lwting0215@163.com; #Correspondence Baowen Zhang, Tel: +86-311-80787594, E-mail: zhangbw@hebtu.edu.cn; Xianmin Diao, E-mail: diaoxianmin@caas.cn; Sha Tang, E-mail: tangsha@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

Zhiying Zhao, Wanting Li, Yifei Wang, Meng Jin, Wenqiang Tang, Jiayi Li, Renliang Zhang, Yaxian Zhang, Peiyong Xin, Jinfang Chu, Yingjie Gao, Sha Tang, Xianmin Diao, Baowen Zhang. 2026. Proteomic investigation reveals the molecular mechanisms of plant height regulation in foxtail millet. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(4): 1402-1417.

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