Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.029

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2024, Vol. 23

Issue (7): 2407-2420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.029

Animal Science · Veterinary Medicine

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Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China

Yuhan Yang^1*, Dou Wang^1*, Yaning Bai¹, Wenyan Huang¹, Shimin Gao¹, Xingchen Wu¹, Ying Wang¹, Jianle Ren¹, Jinxin He¹, Lin Jin¹, Mingming Hu², Zhiwei Wang², Zhongbing Wang², Haili Ma^1#, Junping Li^1#, Libin Liang^1#

¹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China

² Shanxi Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan 030000, China

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摘要

禽传染性支气管炎（IB）是由传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。IBV在世界范围内流行，给养禽业造成了严重的经济损失。目前，许多商业化的IBV疫苗株（包括H120、M41、LDT3-A等）已广泛用于预防和控制禽传染性支气管炎，但由于IBV易于变异及重组导致疫苗免疫效果不够理想，IB疫情时有发生。

本研究从中国中部地区免疫过H120疫苗的鸡群中分离到两株IBV新毒株，分别命名为SX/2106和SX/2204，并对两株IBV的全基因组进行了序列测定及重组分析。基于S1基因的遗传演化分析结果显示，SX/2106属于GI-19基因型，SX/2204则属于GVI-1基因型。重组分析表明，SX/2106可能来源于GI-19基因型毒株、GI-7基因型毒株与类LDT3-A疫苗株的重组事件；SX/2204可能来源于GVI-13基因型毒株、GVI-1基因型毒株与类H120疫苗株的重组事件。病毒交叉中和试验表明，SX/2106及SX/2204的抗原性与H120疫苗株存在显著差异。动物实验表明，SX/2106和SX/2204均能在鸡的肺脏和肾脏中有效复制并引起发病和死亡；通过观察感染鸡后气管上皮细胞的纤毛运动情况，发现SX/2106和SX/2204感染均能显著抑制纤毛活性，对气管上皮细胞黏膜造成严重损伤。病毒交叉中和试验及免疫后攻毒保护试验结果表明，H120疫苗免疫并不能对这两株IBV感染提供有效保护。值得注意的是，与之前分离的GVI-1毒株相比，SX/2204的致病性有增强趋势，感染雏鸡死亡率高达60%，对于GVI-1基因型IBV毒株的监测与防控需引起高度重视。

IBV在自然界中通过重组和突变不断进化，产生新的变异株。目前鸡传染性支气管炎在我国鸡群中发病率居高不下，严重影响鸡产业的健康发展，持续加强IBV的流行病学监测及时发现新的变异毒株，对于预防和控制IBV流行具有重要意义。

Abstract

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry. At present, many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB; however, IB outbreaks occur frequently. In this study, two new strains of IBV, SX/2106 and SX/2204, were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106, which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage, may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine. Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage, which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine. The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120. Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death, and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates. It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously, with a mortality rate up to 60%. Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains, it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.

Keywords: infectious bronchitis virus GI-19 lineage GVI-1 lineage complete genome recombination pathogenicity

Received: 16 July 2023 Accepted: 27 September 2023

Fund:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202788), the Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents, China (2021XG004), the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project”, China (20211331-13), the Shanxi Province Excellent Doctoral Work Award-Scientific Research Project, China (SXBYKY2021063, SXBYKY2021005, and SXBYKY2022014), the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shanxi Province, China (2023CYJSTX15-13) and the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China (202103021224156).

About author: Yuhan Yang, E-mail: yangyh997@163.com; Dou Wang, E-mail: wangdd0427@163.com; #Correspondence Libin Liang, Tel: +86-354-6285988, E-mail: lianglibin521@126.com; Junping Li, Tel: +86-354-6285988, E-mail: lijunping916@163.com; Haili Ma, Tel: +86-354-6288629, E-mail: mahaili1718@126.com * These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Yuhan Yang, Dou Wang, Yaning Bai, Wenyan Huang, Shimin Gao, Xingchen Wu, Ying Wang, Jianle Ren, Jinxin He, Lin Jin, Mingming Hu, Zhiwei Wang, Zhongbing Wang, Haili Ma, Junping Li, Libin Liang. 2024. Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(7): 2407-2420.

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