Effect of delayed sowing on grain number, grain weight, and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.002

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2023, Vol. 22

Issue (8): 2359-2369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.002

Crop Science

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Effect of delayed sowing on grain number, grain weight, and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes

CHU Jin-peng, GUO Xin-hu, ZHENG Fei-na, ZHANG Xiu, DAI Xing-long^#, HE Ming-rong^#

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R.China

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摘要

业已证明，延迟播期显著影响小麦产量、产量构成因素和籽粒蛋白质含量。然而，延迟播期对小麦不同穗粒位粒数、粒重和蛋白质含量的影响尚不明确。本研究以冬小麦品种山农30为试验材料，在2019-2022年连续2个小麦生育季，分别设置10月8日（正常播期）和10月22日（延迟播期）2个播期，研究了小麦不同穗粒位粒数、粒重和蛋白质含量在播期间的差异。研究结果表明，延迟播期增加了¹³C同化物向穗部，尤其是顶部穗位和各小穗远端粒位的分配，进而提高了各穗位结实粒数，其中上部穗位增幅最高，基部和中部穗位次之。延迟播期对基部和中部穗位强势粒结实粒数均无显著影响，但显著提高了上部穗位强势粒结实粒数和各穗位弱势粒结实粒数。各穗粒位平均粒重在两播期间无显著差异，这主要与延迟播期后各穗粒位结实粒数的增幅与¹³C同化物分配量的增幅相近有关。延迟播期提高了单位面积粒数但籽粒氮素积累量保持不变，进而降低了籽粒蛋白质含量，其中基部穗位降幅最高，中部和顶部穗位次之，但蛋白质含量的降幅在强势粒和弱势粒之间并无显著差异。综上所述，播期延迟2周可通过增加顶部穗位和各穗位远端粒位结实粒数进而提高穗粒数和产量，但单位面积粒数的增加和氮素吸收量的不足导致了各穗粒位籽粒蛋白质含量的降低。

Abstract

Delays in sowing have significant effects on the grain yield, yield components, and grain protein concentrations of winter wheat. However, little is known about how delayed sowing affects these characteristics at different positions in the wheat spikes. In this study, the effects of sowing date were investigated in a winter wheat cultivar, Shannong 30, which was sown in 2019 and 2020 on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) under field conditions. Delayed sowing increased the partitioning of ¹³C-assimilates to spikes, particularly to florets at the apical section of a spike and those occupying distal positions on the same spikelet. Consequently, the increase in grain number was the greatest for the apical sections, followed by the basal and central sections. No significant differences were observed between sowing dates in the superior grain number in the basal and central sections, while the number in apical sections was significantly different. The number of inferior grains in each section also increased substantially in response to delayed sowing. The average grain weights in all sections remained unchanged under delayed sowing because there were parallel increases in grain number and ¹³C-assimilate partitioning to grains at specific positions in the spikes. Increases in grain number m^–2 resulted in reduced grain protein concentrations as the limited nitrogen supply was diluted into more grains. Delayed sowing caused the greatest reduction in grain protein concentration in the basal sections, followed by the central and apical sections. No significant differences in the reduction of the grain protein concentration were observed between the inferior and superior grains under delayed sowing. In conclusion, a 2-week delay in sowing improved grain yield through increased grain number per spike, which originated principally from an increased grain number in the apical sections of spikes and in distal positions on the same spikelet. However, grain protein concentrations declined in each section because of the increased grain number and reduced N uptake.

Keywords: wheat delay in sowing grain number grain weight grain protein concentration

Received: 19 September 2020 Accepted: 10 November 2023

Fund:

Financial support was received from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300403 and 2017YFD0201705).

About author: CHU Jin-peng, Tel: +86-538-8249796, E-mail: JPchu@sdau.edu.cn; #Correspondence DAI Xing-long, Tel: +86-538-8244018, Fax: +86-538-8242226, E-mail: adaisdny@163.com; HE Ming-rong, Tel: +86-538-8244018, Fax: +86-538-8242226, E-mail: mrhe@sdau.edu.cn

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CHU Jin-peng, GUO Xin-hu, ZHENG Fei-na, ZHANG Xiu, DAI Xing-long, HE Ming-rong. 2023. Effect of delayed sowing on grain number, grain weight, and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(8): 2359-2369.

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