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| Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under different nitrogen and seeding rates in direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China |
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WANG Xin-yu, YANG Guo-dong, XU Le, XIANG Hong-shun, YANG Chen, WANG Fei, PENG Shao-bing#
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National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China
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摘要
氮肥和密度是影响水稻产量和资源利用效率的重要因素，通过合理调控密度可以在不减产的前提下降低氮肥投入并提高氮肥利用效率。不过，对于传统的移栽稻模式，增加种植密度意味着需要投入更多的劳动力。在当前农村劳动力短缺的背景下，这种措施无疑会加剧劳动力的供需矛盾。双季稻双直播模式是一种省工、节本的轻简化栽培措施，在该模式下调整播种密度简单易行。然而，目前关于不同氮肥和密度调控对双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期品种的产量和氮肥利用效率的影响尚不明确。因此，本研究旨在揭示氮肥和密度对产量和氮肥利用效率的影响，并探明这些影响在早、晚季之间的差异。大田试验于2018和2019年分别在湖北省武穴市和蕲春县进行，设置四个氮肥和三个播种密度处理，选用超短生育期水稻品种湘早籼6号为供试材料。结果表明，在施氮处理下，早、晚稻生育期和产量的变化范围分别为85-97天和6.32-8.23 t ha-1。水稻产量对氮肥的响应高于对播种密度的响应。早、晚稻的最适施氮量分别为100-150 kg N ha-1和70-120 kg N ha-1。此外，在双季稻双直播模式中，早稻产量对氮肥的响应比晚稻更大，这主要由于早稻土壤背景氮的供应能力低于晚稻。因此，考虑早、晚季间土壤背景氮供应能力的差异对于优化双季稻双直播模式的氮肥管理策略、提高氮肥利用效率有重要的意义。
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and seeding rates are important factors affecting grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in direct-seeded rice. However, these factors have not been adequately investigated on direct-seeded and double-season rice (DDR) in Central China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various N and seeding rates on the grain yield and NUE of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 in Wuxue County and 2019 in Qichun County, Hubei Province, China with four N rates and three seeding rates. The results showed that the grain yield of the ultrashort-duration variety ranged from 6.32 to 8.23 t ha–1 with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days across all treatments with N application. Grain yield was increased significantly by N application in most cases, but seeding rate had an inconsistent effect on grain yield. Furthermore, the response of grain yield to the N rates was much higher than the response to seeding rates. The moderate N rates of 100–150 and 70–120 kg N ha–1 in the early and late seasons, respectively, could fully express the yield potential of the ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Remarkably higher N responses and agronomic NUE levels were achieved in the early-season rice compared with the late-season rice due to the difference in indigenous soil N supply capacity (INS) between the two seasons. Seasonal differences in INS and N response should be considered when crop management practices are optimized for achieving high grain yield and NUE in ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR.
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Received: 24 January 2022
Accepted: 07 March 2022
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971845 and 32101819), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-20), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M691179).
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| About author: WANG Xin-yu, E-mail: xwang_1994@163.com; #Correspondence PENG Shao-bing, Tel: +86-27-87288668, Fax: +86-27-87288380, E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn |
Cite this article:
WANG Xin-yu, YANG Guo-dong, XU Le, XIANG Hong-shun, YANG Chen, WANG Fei, PENG Shao-bing.
2023.
Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under different nitrogen and seeding rates in direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(4): 1009-1020.
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