|
Special Issue:
园艺-分子生物合辑Horticulture — Genetics · Breeding
|
|
|
|
| Endogenous phytohormones and the expression of flowering genes synergistically induce flowering in loquat |
CHI Zhuo-heng1, WANG Yong-qing1, DENG Qun-xian1, ZHANG Hui1, PAN Cui-ping1, YANG Zhi-wu2 |
1 College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
2 Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, P.R.China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Flowering is an important process for the reproduction of higher plants. Up to this point, the studies on flowering have mostly focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the flowering mechanism of fruit trees remains mostly unknown. The diversity of the flowering time of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) makes it an ideal material to study the regulation of flowering. In this study, we first observed the inflorescence bud differentiation in two varieties of loquat that had different blooming times (cv. Dawuxing (E. japonica), that blooms in the fall and cv. Chunhua (E. japonica×Eriobotrya bengalensis Hook. f.) that blooms in the spring) and found that the starting time of inflorescence bud differentiation and the speed of inflorescence development were responsible for the difference in blooming times. The determination of endogenous phytohormones by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZT), and gibberellin (GA3) promoted flowering in loquat, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was mainly involved in inflorescence bud differentiation in Chunhua. A transcription level analysis illustrated that multiple flowering-related genes could respond to different signals, integrate to the TFL1, AP1 and FT genes, and then synergistically regulate flowering in loquat. Thus, this study provides a new insight into flowering regulation mechanisms in loquat.
|
|
Received: 04 February 2020
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was financially supported by the Key Research Project of Science and Technology, Sichuan, China (2016NYZ0034). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence WANG Yong-qing, E-mail: yqw14@sicau.edu.cn
|
| About author: CHI Zhuo-heng, E-mail: chizhuoheng 0331@foxmail.com; |
Cite this article:
CHI Zhuo-heng, WANG Yong-qing, DENG Qun-xian, ZHANG Hui, PAN Cui-ping, YANG Zhi-wu.
2020.
Endogenous phytohormones and the expression of flowering genes synergistically induce flowering in loquat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(9): 2247-2256.
|
Abe M, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Daimon Y, Yamaguchi A, Ikeda Y, Ichinoki H, Notaguchi M, Goto K, Araki T. 2005. FD, a bZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway integrator FT at the shoot apex. Science, 309, 1052–1056.
Ahn J H, Miller D, Winter V J, Banfield M J, Lee J H, Yoo S Y, Henz S R, Brady R L, Weigel D. 2006. A divergent external loop confers antagonistic activity on floral regulators FT and TFL1. European Molecular Biology Organization Journal, 25, 605–614.
Amasino R. 2010. Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. The Plant Journal, 61, 1001–1013.
Balasubramanian S, Sureshkumar S, Lempe J, Weigel D. 2006. Potent induction of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering by elevated growth temperature. PLoS Genetics, 2, e106.
Bangerth K F. 2009. Floral induction in mature, perennial angiosperm fruit trees: Similarities and discrepancies with annual/biennial plants and the involvement of plant hormones. Scientia Horticulturae, 122, 153–163.
Bernier G. 1988. The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 39, 175–219.
Blázquez M A, Ahn J H, Weigel D. 2003. A thermosensory pathway controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Genetics, 33, 168–171.
Bouché F, Guillaume L, Tocquin P, Périlleux C. 2016. FLOR-ID: An interactive database of flowering-time gene networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Research, 44, 1167–1171.
Bradley D, Ratcliffe O, Vincent C, Carpenter R, Coen E. 1997. Inflorescence commitment and architecture in Arabidopsis. Science, 275, 80–83.
Cho L H, Yoon J, An G. 2017. The control of flowering time by environmental factors. The Plant Journal, 90, 708–719.
Corbesier L, Vincent C, Jang S, Fornara F, Fan Q, Searle I, Giakountis A, Farrona S, Gissot L, Turnbull C, Coupland G. 2007. FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis. Science, 316, 1030–1033.
Dong Y N, Deng Q X, Wang Y Q. 2008. Advances in germplasm resources and breeding of loquat in China. Subtropical Agriculture Research, 4, 91–96. (in Chinese)
Esumi T, Tao R, Yonemori K. 2005. Isolation of LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 homologues from six fruit tree species in the subfamily Maloideae of the Rosaceae. Sexual Plant Reproduction, 17, 277–287.
Fornara F, De Montaigu A, Coupland G. 2010. SnapShot: Control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Cell, 141, 550.
Fu X M, Kong W B, Peng G, Zhou J Y, Azam M, Xu C J, Grierson D, Chen K S. 2012. Plastid structure and carotenogenic gene expression in red- and white-fleshed loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 341–354.
Galvao V C, Horrer D, Kuttner F, Schmid M. 2012. Spatial control of flowering by DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 139, 4072–4082.
Koshita Y, Takahara T, Ogata T, Goto A. 1999. Involvement of endogenous plant hormones (IAA, ABA, GAs) in leaves and flower bud formation of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Scientia Horticulturae, 79, 185–194.
Kumar S V, Lucyshyn D, Jaeger K E, Alós E, Alvey E, Harberd N P, Wigge P A. 2012. Transcription factor PIF4 controls the thermosensory activation of flowering. Nature, 484, 242–245.
Lee J H, Yoo S J, Park S H, Hwang, Lee J S, Ahn J H. 2007. Role of SVP in the control of flowering time by ambient temperature in Arabidopsis. Genes & Development, 21, 397–402.
Lin S Q, Yang X H, Liu C M, Hu Y L, He Y H, Hu G B, Zhang H L, He X L, Liu Y X, Liu Z L. 2004. Natural geographical distribution of genus Eriobotrya plants in China. Acta Horticulturae Sinca, 31, 569–573. (in Chinese)
Liu L, Zhu Y, Shen L S, Yu H. 2013. Emerging insights into florigen transport. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 16, 607–613.
Liu Y X, Song H W, Liu Z L, Hu G B, Lin S Q. 2013. Molecular characterization of loquat EjAP1 gene in relation to flowering. Plant Growth Regulation, 70, 287–296.
Mei Y L, Liao M A, Ren Y J, Liu Y, Cheng J, Liu J, Cheng J, Liu L L. 2012. Study on fruit quality, phenological phases and shoot histomorphology of a new bud mutant line, ‘Chuanzao loquat’. Agricultural Science & Technology, 13, 1881–1884.
Mimida N, Kotoda N, Ueda T, Igarashi M, Hatsuyama Y, Iwanami H, Moriya S, Abe K. 2009. Four TFL1/CEN -Like genes on distinct linkage groups show different expression patterns to regulate vegetative and reproductive development in apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.). Plant Cell Physiology, 50, 394–412.
Mizoguchi T, Wright L, Fujiwara S, Cremer F, Lee C, Onouch H, Mouradov A, Fowler S, Kamada H, Putterill J, Coupland G. 2005. Distinct roles of gigantea in promoting flowering and regulating circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 17, 2255–2270.
Mutasa-Gottgens E, Hedden P. 2009. Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, 1979–1989.
Osnato M, Castillejo C, Matías-Hernández L, Pelaz S. 2012. TEMPRANILLO genes link photoperiod and gibberellin pathways to control flowering in Arabidopsis. Nature Communications, 3, 808.
Porri A, Torti S, Romera-Branchat M, Coupland G. 2012. Spatially distinct regulatory roles for gibberellins in the promotion of flowering of Arabidopsis under long photoperiods. Development, 139, 2198–2209.
Ratcliffe O J, Amaya I, Vincent C A, Rothstein S, Carpenter R, Enrico S, Coen E S, Bradley D J. 1988. A common mechanism controls the life cycle and architecture of plants. Development, 125, 1609–1615.
Reig C, Gil-Muñoz F, Vera-Sirera F, García-Lorca A, Martínez-Fuentes A, Mesejo C, Miguel A, Pérez-Amador M A, Agustí M. 2017. Bud sprouting and floral induction and expression of FT in loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl]. Planta, 246, 915–925.
Shannon S, Meeks-Wagner D R. 1991. A mutation in the Arabidopsis TFL1 gene affects inflorescence meristem development. The Plant Cell, 3, 877–892.
Shim J S, Kubota A, Imaizumi T. 2016. Circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS is a hub for signal integration. Plant Physiology, 173, 5–15.
Shuai M M, Huang Y J. 2018. Advances of GIGANTEA and CONSTANS, the key genes of flowering in photoperiod pathway. Molecular Plant Breeding, 16, 5601–5607. (in Chinese)
Song Y H, Ito S, Imaizumi T. 2013. Flowering time regulation: Photoperiod- and temperature-sensing in leaves. Trends in Plant Science, 18, 575–583.
Srikanth A, Schmid M. 2011. Regulation of flowering time: All roads lead to rome. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 68, 2013–2037.
Su W R, Huang K L, Shen R S, Chen W S. 2002. Abscisic acid affects floral initiation in Polianthes tuberosa. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159, 557–559.
Suárez-López P, Wheatley K, Robson F, Onouchi H, Coupland G. 2001. CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Nature, 410, 1116–1120.
Wellmer F, Riechmann J L. 2010. Gene networks controlling the initiation of flower development. Trends in Plant Science, 26, 519–527.
Xu H X, Li X Y, Chen J W. 2017. Comparative transcriptome profiling of freezing stress responses in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruitlets. Journal of Plant Research, 130, 893–907.
Zhang L. 2016. Studies on molecular mechanism of loquat flowering time regulation. Ph D thesis, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. (in Chinese)
Zhang L, Yu H, Lin S Q, Gao Y S. 2016. Molecular characterization of FT and FD homologs from Eriobotrya deflexa Nakai forma koshunensis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00008
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
