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Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene TaXTH3A promotes resistance to Fusarium crown rot in wheat

Shufa Zhang1*, Linrun Xiang1*, Li Zhao1, Xinhao Nie1, Xingxia Geng2, Jiaojiao Guo1, Jun Wu1#, Xinhong Chen1#, Jun Wang1#

1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules/College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China

 Highlights 

TaXTH3A was identified as a candidate gene for Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat through integrative BSE-seq and RNA-seq analyses.

TaXTH3A encodes a cell wall-localized secreted protein that enhances resistance by modulating ROS homeostasis and defense-related pathways.

Overexpression of TaXTH3A promotes xyloglucan metabolism and hemicellulose accumulation, contributing to cell reinforcement during pathogen infection.

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摘要  

小麦茎基腐病(FCR)主要由假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)及其他镰刀菌属真菌引起,是一种在全球范围内造成小麦大幅减产的危害性极强的病害。本研究通过整合分离群体外显子捕获测序(BSE-Seq)和转录组测序(RNA-Seq)分析,鉴定一个与茎基腐病抗性相关的木葡聚糖内转糖苷酶/水解酶基因TaXTH3A信号肽分泌和亚细胞定位实验表明TaXTH3A是一种定位于细胞壁的分泌蛋白。过表达TaXTH3A可显著增强小麦对茎基腐病的抗性,同时植株体内过氧化氢含量降低、过氧化氢酶活性升高。转录组分析进一步表明,在假禾谷镰刀菌侵染过程中,TaXTH3A能够调控植物防御通路与木葡聚糖代谢相关基因的表达。此外,病原菌侵染后,TaXTH3A过表达株系叶鞘的木葡聚糖内转糖苷酶活性与半纤维素含量均显著上升。综上,TaXTH3A可通过调控细胞壁重塑及相关防御反应,增强小麦对假禾谷镰刀菌的抗性。本研究小麦茎基腐病抗性的分子机制提供了新的见解,也为抗病小麦品种的遗传改良提供了潜在靶点



Abstract  

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), primarily caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and other Fusarium species, is a devastating wheat disease that has led to substantial yield losses worldwide. In this study, a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene, TaXTH3A associated with FCR resistance was identified by integrating bulked segregant exome capture sequencing (BSE-Seq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Functional characterization revealed that TaXTH3A encodes a secreted protein localized to the cell wall, demonstrated by a yeast signal sequence trap system and subcellular localization assays. Transgenic validation confirmed that TaXTH3A overexpression significantly enhances FCR resistance, accompanied by reduced H2O2 accumulation, increased catalase activity, and improved disease resistance. Transcriptome profiling further indicated that TaXTH3A regulates the expression of genes involved in plant defense and xyloglucan metabolism during F. pseudograminearum infection. Furthermore, TaXTH3A-overexpressing lines exhibited increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity and elevated hemicellulose content in leaf sheaths upon infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that, TaXTH3A enhances wheat resistance to F. pseudograminearum by regulating cell wall remodeling and associated defense responses. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying FCR resistance and offers a potential target for the genetic improvement of disease-resistant wheat cultivars.

Keywords:  wheat       Fusarium pseudograminearum       resistance       TaXTH3A  
Online: 16 June 2026  
Fund: 

This research was supported by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD04025), National Key Research and Development Program of China (NK2022060503), Key Projects in Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Field (2024NC2-GJHX-18), and Key Technology Research Project of Agricultural Industry Chain in Xi’an City (24NYGG0001).

About author:  Shufa Zhang, E-mail: zhangshufa1362@163.com; Linrun Xiang, E-mail: xianglinrun@126.com; #Correspondence Jun Wu, E-mail: 13572016162@163.com; Xinhong Chen, E-mail: cxh2089@126.com; Jun Wang, E-mail: bbrwangjun@nwafu.edu.cn *These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cite this article: 

Shufa Zhang, Linrun Xiang, Li Zhao, Xinhao Nie, Xingxia Geng, Jiaojiao Guo, Jun Wu, Xinhong Chen, Jun Wang. 2026. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene TaXTH3A promotes resistance to Fusarium crown rot in wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.06.025

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