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| Integrated pest management programme for cereal blast fungus Magnaporthe oryza |
| ZHANG Hai-feng1, Tofazzal ISLAM2, LIU Wen-de3 |
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests of Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China
2 Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
3 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
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摘要
稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）是多种重要作物上极具破坏力的丝状病原真菌，能侵染包括水稻、小麦、小米、马唐等在内的50多种作物和杂草。由于其具有高度的寄主特异性，稻瘟病菌在田间进化出了大量的不同致病型菌株。其中稻属致病型菌株MoO（M. oryzae Oryza）侵染水稻引起的稻瘟病是水稻上的毁灭性病害之一，每年给全球造成的水稻产量损失可养活六千万人口；麦属致病型菌株MoT（M. oryzae Triticum）侵染小麦引起的麦瘟病是巴西、孟加拉、赞比亚等国家小麦生产上的重大威胁。由于抗病资源有限、抗病品种容易丧失抗性等原因，稻瘟病和麦瘟病的防控是水稻和小麦生产上的重大难题。因此，迫切需要建立和提出能高效控制这两种病害的田间综合防治策略。
综述重点总结了MoO菌株中已报道的无毒基因和水稻中的抗稻瘟病基因、及小麦中的抗麦瘟病基因，提出了以基于病原菌无毒基因型布局种植抗病品种为主，化学防治、生物防治和栽培管理为辅的稻瘟病、麦瘟病综合防治策略。同时，对稻瘟病和麦瘟病的综合防控提出了以下几点未来展望：1）加快鉴定和克隆水稻和小麦中的广谱抗病基因，培育和创制抗病品种；2）系统监测田间病原菌群体的无毒基因型，根据无毒基因型进行作物品种布局；3）应用基于微生物组的生物防治技术；4）建立病原菌的早期诊断与监测技术，并制定优化防治技术；5）应用快速诊断技术对植物进行检疫，阻止麦瘟病进一步扩散；6）建立及时、精准的病害预测预报体系；7）在已有技术基础上，建立和实施有效的病害综合防治策略，最大限度降低稻瘟病菌对水稻和小麦造成的损失。该综述从稻瘟病菌的分类、地理分布、寄主范围、生物学特征、病害症状及生态和经济影响等方面进行了系统总结，并提出了病害的综合防治策略。综述内容对人们全面、深入了解稻瘟病菌及开展稻瘟病和麦瘟病的综合防治工作具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast diseases, is a destructive filamentous fungus that infects many plants including most economically important food crops, rice, wheat, pearl millet and finger millet. Magnaporthe oryzae has numerous pathotypes because of its high host-specificity in the field. The Oryza pathotype (MoO) of M. oryzae is the most devastating pathogen of rice, causing 10–30% yield loss in the world. On the other hand, the Triticum pathotype (MoT) causes blast disease in wheat, which is now a serious threat to wheat production in some South American countries, Bangladesh and Zambia. Because of low fungicide efficacy against the blast diseases and lack of availability of resistant varieties, control of rice and wheat blast diseases is difficult. Therefore, an integrated management programme should be adopted to control these two diseases in the field. Here, we introduced and summarized the classification, geographical distribution, host range, disease symptoms, biology and ecology, economic impact, and integrated pest management (IPM) programme of both rice and wheat blast diseases.Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast diseases, is a destructive filamentous fungus that infects many plants including most economically important food crops, rice, wheat, pearl millet and finger millet. Magnaporthe oryzae has numerous pathotypes because of its high host-specificity in the field. The Oryza pathotype (MoO) of M. oryzae is the most devastating pathogen of rice, causing 10–30% yield loss in the world. On the other hand, the Triticum pathotype (MoT) causes blast disease in wheat, which is now a serious threat to wheat production in some South American countries, Bangladesh and Zambia. Because of low fungicide efficacy against the blast diseases and lack of availability of resistant varieties, control of rice and wheat blast diseases is difficult. Therefore, an integrated management programme should be adopted to control these two diseases in the field. Here, we introduced and summarized the classification, geographical distribution, host range, disease symptoms, biology and ecology, economic impact, and integrated pest management (IPM) programme of both rice and wheat blast diseases.
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Received: 06 September 2021
Accepted: 10 February 2022
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| Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871912, 31972229 and31772119), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP). This work was also partly supported by grants from the Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF), Bangladesh Project (TF50-C/17). |
| About author: Correspondence LIU Wen-de, E-mail: liuwende@caas.cn;Tofazzal ISLAM, E-mail: tofazzalislam@bsmrau.edu.bd |
Cite this article:
ZHANG Hai-feng, Tofazzal ISLAM, LIU Wen-de.
2022.
Integrated pest management programme for cereal blast fungus Magnaporthe oryza. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(12): 3420-3433.
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