Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2022, Vol. 21 Issue (4): 964-976    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63641-9
Special Issue: 玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
Crop Science Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Grain dehydration rate is related to post-silking thermal time and ear characters in different maize hybrids
SHI Wen-jun, SHAO Hui, SHA Ye, SHI Rong, SHI Dong-feng, CHEN Ya-chao, BAN Xiang-ben, MI Guo-hua
The Key Lab of Plant–Soil Interaction, Ministry of Education/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  

随着东北地区土地规模化经营的不断发展,玉米机械化籽粒直收成为大势所趋。籽粒水分是影响机械化籽粒直收效果的重要因素,但影响籽粒脱水速率的因素尚不清楚。本研究于2017-2018年在两个种植密度下对5个玉米杂交种进行了为期两年的田间试验,探究玉米籽粒的脱水规律。结果表明,籽粒破碎率是影响机械化收获质量的主要因素,破碎率与收获时籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关(R2=0.6372,P<0.01)。为满足机械粒收破损率<5%的国家标准,收获时最佳籽粒含水率为22.3%。吐丝至生理成熟过程中,籽粒脱水过程主要取决于积温(生长度日,GDDs)(r=-0.9412,P<0.01),生理成熟期的平均籽粒含水率为29.4%。生理成熟期后,积温与籽粒水分之间仍存在极显著线性相关关系,但相关系数变小(r=-0.8267,P<0.01)。在这一阶段,籽粒脱水过程受玉米品种穗部性状影响较大。具有较小苞叶面积(r=0.6591,P<0.05)、较大果穗夹角(r=-0.7582,P<0.05)、较长果柄(r=-0.9356,P<0.01)和较细果穗(r=0.9369,P<0.01)的玉米品种有利于籽粒脱水。这些性状参数可为培育及选择适宜机械化籽粒直收的品种提供理论参考。




Abstract  Mechanized grain harvest of maize becomes increasingly important with growing land plot size in Northeast China.  Grain moisture is an important factor affecting the performance of mechanized grain harvest.  However, it remains unclear what influences grain dehydration rate.  In this study, maize grain dehydrating process was investigated in a two-year field experiment with five hybrids under two planting densities in 2017 and 2018.  It was found that damaged-grain ratio was the main factor affecting mechanized harvest quality, and this ratio was positively correlated with grain moisture content at harvest (R2=0.6372, P<0.01).  To fulfill the national standard of <5% damaged-grain ratio for mechanized grain harvest, the optimal maize grain moisture content was 22.3%.  From silking to physiological maturity, grain dehydrating process was mostly dependent on the thermal time (growing degree days, GDDs) (r=–0.9412, P<0.01).  The average grain moisture content at physiological maturity was 29.4%.  Thereafter, the linear relationship between GDDs and grain moisture still existed, but the correlation coefficient became smaller (r=–0.8267, P<0.01).  At this stage, grain dehydrating process was greatly affected by genotypes.  Grain dehydrated faster when a hybrid has a smaller husk area (r=0.6591, P<0.05), larger ear angle (r=–0.7582, P<0.05), longer ear peduncle (r=–0.9356, P<0.01) and finer ear (r=0.9369, P<0.01).  These parameters can be used for breeders and farmers to select hybrids suitable for mechanized grain harvest.  
Keywords:  maize       grain moisture        grain dehydrating        grain damage        mechanized harvest        ear traits        genotype  
Received: 07 July 2020   Accepted: 04 February 2021
Fund: This research is financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0300304).
About author:  Correspondence MI Guo-hua, E-mail: miguohua@cau.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

SHI Wen-jun, SHAO Hui, SHA Ye, SHI Rong, SHI Dong-feng, CHEN Ya-chao, BAN Xiang-ben, MI Guo-hua. 2022. Grain dehydration rate is related to post-silking thermal time and ear characters in different maize hybrids. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(4): 964-976.

Alsharifi S K A. 2018. Affecting on threshing machine types, grain moisture content and cylinder speeds for maize, Cadiz variety. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20, 233–244.
Ajayi S A, Rühl G, Greef J M. 2006. Impact of mechanical damage to hybrid maize seed from harvesting and conditioning.  Seed Technology, 28, 7–21.
Benaseer S, Masilamani P, Albert V A, Govindaraj M, Selvaraju P, Bhaskaran M. 2018. Impact of harvesting and threshing methods on seed quality - A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39, 183–192.
Chai Z W, Wang K R, Guo Y Q, Xie R Z, Li L L, Ming B, Hou P, Liu C W, Chu Z D, Zhang W X, Zhang G Q, Liu G Z, Li S K. 2017. Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2036–2043. (in Chinese)
Chen X C, Chen F J, Chen Y L, Gao Q, Yang X L, Yuan L X, Zhang F S, Mi G H. 2013. Modern maize hybrids in Northeast China exhibit increased yield potential and resource use efficiency despite adverse climate change. Global Change Biology, 19, 923–936.  
Cross H Z. 1975. Diallel analysis of duration and rate of grain filling of seven inbred lines of corn. Crop Science, 15, 532–535.
Cui Z L, Chen X P, Miao Y X, Zhang F S, Sun Q P, Schroder J, Zhang H L, Li J L, Shi LW, Xu J F, Ye Y L, Liu C S, Yang Z P, Zhang Q, Huang S M, Bao D J. 2008. On-farm evaluation of the improved soil Nmin-based nitrogen management for summer maize in North China Plain. Agronomy Journal, 100, 517–525.
Cutforth H W, Shaykewich C F. 1989. Relationship of development rates of corn from planting to silking to air and soil temperature and to accumulated thermal units in a prairie environment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 69, 121–132.
Dai L Q, Wu L, Dong Q S, Wu N, Zhang Z, Wang P W. 2016. Analysis of genetic variation and correlation of dehydration rate of maize after physiological maturity. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 38, 261–265, 273. (in Chinese)
Dai L Q, Wu L, Dong Q S, Zhang Z, Wu N, Song Y, Lu S, Wang P W. 2017. Genome-wide association study of field grain drying rate after physiological maturity based on a resequencing approach in elite maize germplasm. Euphytica, 213, 182.
D’Andrea K E, Otegui M E, Cirilo A G. 2008. Kernel number determination differs among maize hybrids in response to nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 105, 228–239.
Elmore R, Abendroth L. 2007. How fast can corn drydown? Iowa State University Agronomy Extension Corn Production. [2019-01-10]. https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/how-fast-can-corn-dry-down
Filipovic M, Babic M, Delic N, Bekavac G, Babic V. 2014.  Determination relevant breeding criteria by the path and factor analysis in maize. Genetika-Belgrade, 46, 49–58.
GB/T 21962-2008. 2008. Technical Requirements for Maize Combine Harvester.  General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, and Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. p. 2. (in Chinese) 
Gu R L, Huang R, Jia G Y, Yuan Z P, Ren L S, Li L, Wang J H. 2019. Effect of mechanical threshing on damage and vigor of maize seed threshed at different moisture contents. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18, 1571–1578.
Gunn R B, Christensen R. 1965. Maturity relationships among early to late hybrids of corn (Zea mays L.). Crop Science, 5, 299–302.
Guo Y N, Ming B, Wang K R, Hou J F, Huang Z F, Xie R Z, Hou P, Li S K. 2019. Maize grain dehydration characteristics and suitable harvest time in Beijing region. Journal of Maize Sciences, 27, 130–136. (in Chinese)
Hallauer A R, Carena M J, Filho J B M. 2010. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. volume 6. Springer, New York, USA.
Huang M, Zou Y B. 2018. Integrating mechanization with agronomy and breeding to ensure food security in China. Field Crops Research, 224, 22–27.
Jiang Q L.  2015.  Corn husks traits QTL mapping.  MSc thesis, China Agricultural University. (in Chinese) 
Kang M S, Zuber M S, Colbert T R, Horrocks R D. 1986. Effects of certain agronomic traits on and relationship between rates of grain-moisture reduction and grain fill during the filling period in maize. Field Crops Research, 14, 339–347.
Laubscher M C, Roux C Z, Geerthsen J M P. 2000. An explanation of genotype by environment interaction for maize in South Africa. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 17, 147–150.
Li L L, Lei X P, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Hou P, Zhang F L, Li S K. 2017. Analysis of influential factors on mechanical grain harvest quality of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2044–2051. (in Chinese) 
Li L L, Ming B, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Hou P, Li S K. 2018. Differences of ear characters in maize and their effects on grain dehydration. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 51, 1855–1867. (in Chinese)
Li S K, Wang K R, Chu Z D, Li H, Zhang W X, Wang J H, Du S H, Liu Y, Xie R Z, Hou P, Ming B. 2019a. Study on the current status of maize mechanical kernel harvest and the cultivar characteristics in the 1–3 accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang Province. Journal of Maize Sciences, 27, 110–117. (in Chinese)
Li S K, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Li L L, Ming B, Hou P, Chu Z D, Zhang W X, Liu C W. 2017. Study on the breakage rate based on grain mechanical harvest of maize. Crops, 33, 76–80. (in Chinese)
Li S K, Wang K R, Yang L H, Dong Z Q, Du S H, Wei J W, Zhang W X, Xie R Z, Hou P, Ming B. 2019b. Study on the influencing factors of quality of kernels in maize mechanical kernel harvest as well as cultivar selection in Hebei Province. Journal of Maize Sciences, 27, 120–128. (in Chinese)
Lindsey A J, Minyo R, Geyer A B, Thomison P R. 2020. Comparing the agronomic performance of short season and commonly grown corn hybrid maturities in Ohio. Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management, 6, doi: 10.1002/cft2.20019.
Liu J J, Yu H, Liu Y L, Deng S N, Liu Q C, Liu B S, Xu M L. 2020. Genetic dissection of grain water content and dehydration rate related to mechanical harvest in maize. BMC Plant Biology, 20, 118.
Liu Z J, Yang X G, Lin X M, Hubbard K G, Lv S, Wang J. 2016. Maize yield gaps caused by non-controllable, agronomic, and socioeconomic factors in a changing climate of Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 756–764.
Maiorano A, Fanchini D, Donatelli M. 2014. MIMYCS.Moisture, a process-based model of moisture content in developing maize kernels. European Journal of Agronomy, 59, 86–95.
MARAC (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China). 2016. Online statistical database: Agricultural machinery.  [2020-03-10]. http://zdscxx.moa.gov.cn:8080/nyb/pc/frequency.jsp#
NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). 2018. Online statistical database: Agriculture. [2020-03-10]. http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01
Pineda-Gomez P, Rosales-Rivera A, Gutierrez-Cortez E, Rodriguez-Garcia M E. 2020. Comparative analysis of the water diffusion in the corn grains, with and without pericarp during the thermo-alkaline treatment. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 119, 38–47.
Plett S. 1994. Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 74, 543–544.
Ponce-Parra C, Tomás S A, Cruz-Orea A, López-Bueno G, Sanmartín E, Sánchez-Sinencio F. 2001. Photoacoustic monitoring of water vapour permeability in alkaline-cooked corn pericarp. Analytical Sciences, 17, 538–540.
Sala R G, Andrade F H, Cerono J C. 2012. Quantitative trait loci associated with grain moisture at harvest for line per se and testcross performance in maize: A meta-analysis.  Euphytica, 185, 429–440.
Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., USA. p. 211.
Song W, Shi Z, Xing J F, Duan M X, Su A G, Li C H, Zhang R Y, Zhao Y X, Luo M J, Wang J D, Zhao J R. 2017. Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain moisture at harvest in maize. Plant Breeding, 136, 28–32.
Suleiman R A, Kurt R A. 2015. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of mycotoxins contamination in Tanzania. In: 2015 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, USA. p. 1.
Thomison P R, Mullen R W, Lipps P E, Doerge T, Geyer A B. 2011. Corn response to harvest date as affected by plant population and hybrid. Agronomy Journal, 103, 1765–1772.
Tong P Y. 2015. Corn grain mechanized harvesting. Agricultural Technology and Equipment, 4, 4–6. (in Chinese)
Troyer A F, Ambrose W B. 1971. Plant characteristics affecting field drying rate of ear corn. Crop Science, 11, 529–531.
Wang K R, Li S K. 2017. Analysis of influencing factors on kernel dehydration rate of maize hybrids. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2027–2035. (in Chinese)
Wang X Y, Wang X L, Xu C C, Tan W M, Wang P, Meng Q F. 2019. Decreased kernel moisture in medium-maturing maize hybrids with high yield for mechanized grain harvest. Crop Science, 59, 2794–2805.
Xia X, Xin X, Ma L. 2017. What are the determinants of large-scale farming in China? China and World Economy, 25, 93–108.
Xu W J, Liu C W, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Ming B, Wang Y H, Zhang G Q, Liu G Z, Zhao R L, Fan P P, Li S K, Hou P. 2017. Adjusting maize plant density to different climatic conditions across a large longitudinal distance in China. Field Crops Research, 212, 126–134.
Yang J, Carena M J, Uphaus J.  2010.  Area under the dry down curve (AUDDC): A method to evaluate rate of dry down in maize. Crop Science, 50, 2347–2354.
Yin S Y, Liu J, Yang T T, Li P C, Xu Y, Fang H M, Xu S H, Wei J, Xue L, Hao D R, Yang Z F, Xu C W. 2020. Genetic analysis of the seed dehydration process in maize based on a logistic model. The Crop Journal, 8, 182–193.
Zhao J F, Guo J P, Xu Y H, Mu J. 2015. Effects of climate change on cultivation patterns of spring maize and its climatic suitability in Northeast China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 202, 178–187.
Zhou G F, Hao D R, Chen G Q, Lu H H, Shi M L, Mao Y X, Zhang Z L, Huang X L, Xue L. 2016. Genome-wide association study of the husk number and weight in maize (Zea mays L.). Euphytica, 210, 195–205.
Zhou G F, Hao D R, Xue L, Chen G Q, Lu H H, Zhang Z L, Shi M L, Huang X L, Mao Y X. 2018. Genome-wide association study of kernel moisture content at harvest stage in maize. Breeding Science, 68, 622–628.

[1] Peng Liu, Langlang Ma, Siyi Jian, Yao He, Guangsheng Yuan, Fei Ge, Zhong Chen, Chaoying Zou, Guangtang Pan, Thomas Lübberstedt, Yaou Shen. Population genomic analysis reveals key genetic variations and the driving force for embryonic callus induction capability in maize[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2178-2195.
[2] Jiang Liu, Wenyu Yang. Soybean maize strip intercropping: A solution for maintaining food security in China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2503-2506.
[3] Hui Fang, Xiuyi Fu, Hanqiu Ge, Mengxue Jia, Jie Ji, Yizhou Zhao, Zijian Qu, Ziqian Cui, Aixia Zhang, Yuandong Wang, Ping Li, Baohua Wang. Genetic analysis and candidate gene identification of salt tolerancerelated traits in maize[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2196-2210.
[4] Hui Chen, Hongxing Chen, Song Zhang, Shengxi Chen, Fulang Cen, Quanzhi Zhao, Xiaoyun Huang, Tengbing He, Zhenran Gao. Comparison of CWSI and Ts-Ta-VIs in moisture monitoring of dryland crops (sorghum and maize) based on UAV remote sensing[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2458-2475.
[5] Qilong Song, Jie Zhang, Fangfang Zhang, Yufang Shen, Shanchao Yue, Shiqing Li.

Optimized nitrogen application for maximizing yield and minimizing nitrogen loss in film mulching spring maize production on the Loess Plateau, China [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1671-1684.

[6] Jiangkuan Cui, Haohao Ren, Bo Wang, Fujie Chang, Xuehai Zhang, Haoguang Meng, Shijun Jiang, Jihua Tang.

Hatching and development of maize cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infecting different plant hosts [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1593-1603.

[7] Haiqing Gong, Yue Xiang, Jiechen Wu, Laichao Luo, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaoqiang Jiao, Chen Chen.

Integrating phosphorus management and cropping technology for sustainable maize production [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1369-1380.

[8] Pengcheng , Shuangyi Yin, Yunyun Wang, Tianze Zhu, Xinjie Zhu, Minggang Ji, Wenye Rui, Houmiao Wang Chenwu Xu, Zefeng Yang.

Dynamics and genetic regulation of macronutrient concentrations during grain development in maize [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 781-794.

[9] Peng Wang, Lan Yang, Xichao Sun, Wenjun Shi, Rui Dong, Yuanhua Wu, Guohua Mi.

Lateral root elongation in maize is related to auxin synthesis and transportation mediated by N metabolism under a mixed NO3 and NH4+ supply [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 1048-1060.

[10] Weina Zhang, Zhigan Zhao, Di He, Junhe Liu, Haigang Li, Enli Wang.

Combining field data and modeling to better understand maize growth response to phosphorus (P) fertilizer application and soil P dynamics in calcareous soils [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 1006-1021.

[11] Cheng Guo, Xiaojie Zhang, Baobao Wang, Zhihuan Yang, Jiping Li, Shengjun Xu, Chunming Wang, Zhijie Guo, Tianwang Zhou, Liu Hong, Xiaoming Wang, Canxing Duan.

Identification, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of Eutiarosporella dactylidis associated with leaf blight on maize in China [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(3): 888-900.

[12] Minghui Cao, Yan Duan, Minghao Li, Caiguo Tang, Wenjie Kan, Jiangye Li, Huilan Zhang, Wenling Zhong, Lifang Wu.

Manure substitution improves maize yield by promoting soil fertility and mediating the microbial community in lime concretion black soil [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 698-710.

[13] Binbin Li, Xianmin Chen, Tao Deng, Xue Zhao, Fang Li, Bingchao Zhang, Xin Wang, Si Shen, Shunli Zhou.

Timing effect of high temperature exposure on the plasticity of internode and plant architecture in maize [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 551-565.

[14] Jingui Wei, Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hong Fan, Yao Guo, Falong Hu, Zhilong Fan, Qiming Wang. Grain yield and N uptake of maize in response to increased plant density under reduced water and nitrogen supply conditions[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(1): 122-140.
[15] YUE Kai, LI Ling-ling, XIE Jun-hong, Zechariah EFFAH, Sumera ANWAR, WANG Lin-lin, MENG Hao-feng, LI Lin-zhi. Integrating microRNAs and mRNAs reveals the hormones synthesis and signal transduction of maize under different N rates[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2673-2686.
No Suggested Reading articles found!