Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2016, Vol. 15 Issue (10): 2228-2236    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61312-0
Crop Genetics · Breeding · Germplasm Resources Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Characterization of dwarf mutants and molecular mapping of a dwarf locus in soybean
CHENG Wen1, GAO Jin-shan2, FENG Xing-xing2, SHAO Qun1, YANG Su-xin2, FENG Xian-zhong1, 2
1 Key Laboratory of Systems Biology in Universities of Shandong/College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R.China
2 Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, P.R.China
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract      Plant height is one of the most important traits in soybean. The semi-dwarf soybean cultivars could improve the ability of lodging resistance to obtain higher yield. To broaden the dwarfism germplasm resources in soybean, 44 dwarf mutants were identified from a gamma rays mutagenized M2 population. Two of these mutants, Gmdwf1 (Glycine max dwarf 1) and Gmdwf2 (Glycine max dwarf 2), were investigated in this study. Genetic analysis showed that both mutants were inherited in a recessive manner and their mutated regions were delimited to a 2.610-Mb region on chromosome 1 by preliminary mapping. Further fine mapping study proved that the two mutants had a common deletion region of 1.552 Mb in the target region, which was located in a novel locus site without being reported previously. The dwarfism of Gmdwf1 could not be rescued by gibberellin (GA) and brassinolide (BR) treatments, which indicated that the biosynthesis of these hormones was not deficient in Gmdwf1.
Keywords:  soybean        dwarf mutant        mapping        BR        GA  
Received: 08 October 2015   Accepted:
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171571 and 31571692) and the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Corresponding Authors:  FENG Xian-zhong, Tel: +86-431-85655051, Fax: +86-431-85542298, E-mail: fengxianzhong@iga.ac.cn   

Cite this article: 

CHENG Wen, GAO Jin-shan, FENG Xing-xing, SHAO Qun, YANG Su-xin, FENG Xian-zhong. 2016. Characterization of dwarf mutants and molecular mapping of a dwarf locus in soybean. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15(10): 2228-2236.

Achard P, Gusti A, Cheminant S, Alioua M, Dhondt S, Coppens F, Beemster G T, Genschik P. 2009. Gibberellin signaling controls cell proliferation rate in Arabidopsis. Current Biology, 19, 1188–1193.

Chen Q, Zhang Z, Liu C, Xin D, Qiu H, Shan D, Shan C, Hu G. 2007. QTL analysis of major agronomic traits in soybean. Agricultural Sciences in China, 6, 399–405.

Cheon J, Park S Y, Schulz B, Choe S. 2010. Arabidopsis brassinosteroid biosynthetic mutant dwarf7-1 exhibits slower rates of cell division and shoot induction. BMC Plant Biology, 10, 270.

Curaba J, Moritz T, Blervaque R, Parcy F, Raz V, Herzog M, Vachon G. 2004. AtGA3ox2, a key gene responsible for bioactive gibberellin biosynthesis, is regulated during embryogenesis by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and FUSCA3 in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 136, 3660–3669.

Dubouzet J G, Sakuma Y, Ito Y, Kasuga M, Dubouzet E G, Miura S, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2003. OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold-responsive gene expression. The Plant Journal, 33, 751–763.

Endler A, Persson S. 2011. Cellulose synthases and synthesis in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant, 4, 199–211.

Gallego-Bartolome J, Minguet E G, Grau-Enguix F, Abbas M, Locascio A, Thomas S G, Alabadi D, Blazquez M A. 2012. Molecular mechanism for the interaction between gibberellin and brassinosteroid signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 13446–13451.

Grant D, Nelson R T, Cannon S B, Shoemaker R C. 2009. SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetics and genomics database. Nucleic Acids Research, 38, D843–D846.

Guo Z, Fujioka S, Blancaflor E B, Miao S, Gou X, Li J. 2010. TCP1 modulates brassinosteroid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the key biosynthetic gene DWARF4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell, 22, 1161–1173.

Hartmann J, Stuhrwohldt N, Dahlke R I, Sauter M. 2013. Phytosulfokine control of growth occurs in the epidermis, is likely to be non-cell autonomous and is dependent on brassinosteroids. The Plant Journal, 73, 579–590.

Hedden P. 2003. The genes of the green revolution. Trends in Genetics, 19, 5–9.

Heinrich M, Hettenhausen C, Lange T, Wunsche H, Fang J, Baldwin I T, Wu J. 2013. High levels of jasmonic acid antagonize the biosynthesis of gibberellins and inhibit the growth of Nicotiana attenuata stems. The Plant Journal, 73, 591–606.

Hong Z, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matsuoka M. 2004. Brassinosteroids and rice architecture. Journal of Pesticide Science, 29, 184–188.

Hwang E, Song Q, Jia G, Specht J E, Hyten D L, Costa J, Cregan P B. 2014. A genome-wide association study of seed protein and oil content in soybean. BMC Genomics, 15, 63–78.

Hwang W J, Kim M Y, Kang Y J, Shim S, Stacey M G, Stacey G, Lee S. 2015. Genome-wide analysis of mutations in a dwarf soybean mutant induced by fast neutron bombardment. Euphytica, 203, 399–408.

Imai A, Hanzawa Y, Komura M, Yamamoto K T, Komeda Y, Takahashi T. 2006. The dwarf phenotype of the Arabidopsis acl5 mutant is suppressed by a mutation in an upstream ORF of a bHLH gene. Development, 133, 3575–3585.

Jasinski S, Piazza P, Craft J, Hay A, Woolley L, Rieu I, Phillips A, Hedden P, Tsiantis M. 2005. KNOX action in Arabidopsis is mediated by coordinate regulation of cytokinin and gibberellin activities. Current Biology, 15, 1560–1565.

Jiang Y, Bao L, Jeong S Y, Kim S K, Xu C, Li X, Zhang Q. 2012. XIAO is involved in the control of organ size by contributing to the regulation of signaling and homeostasis of brassinosteroids and cell cycling in rice. The Plant Journal, 70, 398–408.

Khush G S. 2001. Green revolution: The way forward. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2, 815–822.

Lark K G, Chase K, Adler F, Mansur L M, Orf J H. 1995. Interactions between quantitative trait loci in soybean in which trait variation at one locus is conditional upon a specific allele at another. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92, 4656–4660.

Lee L Y, Hou X, Fang L, Fan S, Kumar P P, Yu H. 2012. STUNTED mediates the control of cell proliferation by GA in Arabidopsis. Development, 139, 1568–1576.

Li R, Xia J, Xu Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Chen Y. 2014. Characterization and genetic mapping of a Photoperiod-sensitive dwarf 1 locus in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 127, 241–250.

Murray M G, Thompson W F. 1980. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 8, 4321–4326.

Olszewski N, Sun T P, Gubler F. 2002. Gibberellin signaling: Biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. The Plant Cell, 14(Suppl.), S61–S80.

Peng J, Richards D E, Hartley N M, Murphy G P, Devos K M, Flintham J E, Beales J, Fish L J, Worland A J, Pelica F. 1999. ‘Green revolution’genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature, 400, 256–261.

Piao R, Chu S H, Jiang W, Yu Y, Jin Y, Woo M O, Lee J, Kim S, Koh H J. 2014. Isolation and characterization of a dominant dwarf gene, d-h, in rice. PLOS ONE, 9, e86210.

Ross J J, O’Neill D P, Rathbone D A. 2003. Auxin-gibberellin interactions in pea: Integrating the old with the new. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22, 99–108.

Ross J J, O’Neill D P, Smith J J, Kerckhoffs L H, Elliott R C. 2000. Evidence that auxin promotes gibberellin A1 biosynthesis in pea. The Plant Journal, 21, 547–552.

de Saint Germain A, Ligerot Y, Dun E A, Pillot J P, Ross J J, Beveridge C A, Rameau C. 2013. Strigolactones stimulate internode elongation independently of gibberellins. Plant Physiology, 163, 1012–1025.

Sakamoto T, Miura K, Itoh H, Tatsumi T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, Agrawal G K, Takeda S, Abe K, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Kitano H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. 2004. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiology, 134, 1642–1653.

Sauter M. 2015. Phytosulfokine peptide signalling. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66, 5161–5169.

Shu Q. 2009. Induced plant mutations in the genomics era. Induced plant mutations in the genomics era. In: Proceedings of an International Joint FAO/IAEA Symposium. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

Silverstone A L, Jung H S, Dill A, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y, Sun T P. 2001. Repressing a repressor: Gibberellin-induced rapid reduction of the RGA protein in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 13, 1555–1566.

Song X, Wei H, Cheng W, Yang S, Zhao Y, Li X, Luo D, Zhang H, Feng X. 2015. Development of INDEL markers for genetic mapping based on whole genome sesequencing in soybean. G3 (Bethesda), 5, 2793–2799.

Stanke M, Keller O, Gunduz I, Hayes A, Waack S, Morgenstern B. 2006. AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts. Nucleic Acids Research, 34, W435-W439.

Stuhrwohldt N, Dahlke R I, Steffens B, Johnson A, Sauter M. 2011. Phytosulfokine-alpha controls hypocotyl length and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana through phytosulfokine receptor 1. PLoS ONE, 6, e21054.

Sun T. 2011. The molecular mechanism and evolution of the GA-GID1-DELLA signaling module in plants. Current Biology, 21, R338-R345.

Swain S M, Olszewski N E. 1996. Genetic analysis of gibberellin signal transduction. Plant Physiology, 112, 11–17.

Takahashi T, Kakehi J I. 2009. Polyamines: Ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Annals of Botany, 105, 1–6.

Tong H, Xiao Y, Liu D, Gao S, Liu L, Yin Y, Jin Y, Qian Q, Chu C. 2014. Brassinosteroid regulates cell elongation by modulating gibberellin metabolism in rice. The Plant Cell, 26, 4376–4393.

Wang Y, Li J. 2008. Molecular basis of plant architecture. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 253–279.

Wilcox J R, Sediyama T. 1981. Interrelationships among height, lodging and yield in determinate and indeterminate soybeans. Euphytica, 30, 323–326.

Yamaguchi S. 2008. Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 225–251.

Yang C J, Zhang C, Lu Y N, Jin J Q, Wang X L. 2011. The mechanisms of brassinosteroids’ action: From signal transduction to plant development. Molecular Plant, 4, 588–600.

Yin Y, Vafeados D, Tao Y, Yoshida S, Asami T, Chory J. 2005. A new class of transcription factors mediates brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis. Cell, 120, 249–259.

Zhang F, Shen Y, Sun S, Guo J, Li C, Wu C, Li Q, Nian H, Huang X, Tian Z, Han T. 2014. Genome-wide expression analysis in a dwarf soybean mutant. Plant Genetic Resources, 12, S70–S73.
[1] Runnan Zhou, Sihui Wang, Peiyan Liu, Yifan Cui, Zhenbang Hu, Chunyan Liu, Zhanguo Zhang, Mingliang Yang, Xin Li, Xiaoxia Wu, Qingshan Chen, Ying Zhao. Genome-wide characterization of soybean malate dehydrogenase genes reveals a positive role for GmMDH2 in the salt stress response[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(7): 2492-2510.
[2] Berhane S. Gebregziabher, Shengrui Zhang, Jing Li, Bin Li, Junming Sun. Identification of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying carotenoid accumulation in soybean using next-generation sequen-cing based bulk segregant analysis[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(6): 2063-2079.
[3] Qianqian Shi, Xue Han, Xinhao Zhang, Jie Zhang, Qi Fu, Chen Liang, Fangmeng Duan, Honghai Zhao, Wenwen Song. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine (m6A) profiling of compatible and incompatible responses reveals a nonhost resistance-specific m6A modification involved in soybean–soybean cyst nematode interaction[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(5): 1875-1891.
[4] Dong An, Xingfa Lai, Tianfu Han, Jean Marie Vianney Nsigayehe, Guixin Li, Yuying Shen. Crossing latitude introduction delayed flowering and facilitated dry matter accumulation of soybean as a forage crop[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(4): 1436-1447.
[5] Yunlong Liu, Mi Zhou, Qiyu Diao, Tao Ma, Yan Tu. Seaweed as a feed additive to mitigate enteric methane emissions in ruminants: Opportunities and challenges[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(4): 1327-1341.
[6] Tianqi Wang, Jihui Tian, Xing Lu, Chang Liu, Junhua Ao, Huafu Mai, Jinglin Tan, Bingbing Zhang, Cuiyue Liang, Jiang Tian. Soybean variety influences the advantages of nutrient uptake and yield in soybean/maize intercropping via regulating root-root interaction and rhizobacterial composition[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 4048-4062.
[7] Jia Jia, Huan Wang, Ximeng Yang, Bo Chen, Ruqian Wei, Qibin Ma, Yanbo Cheng, Hai Nian. Identification of long InDels through whole genome resequencing to fine map qIF05-1 for seed isoflavone content in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(1): 85-100.
[8] Jiang Liu, Wenyu Yang. Soybean maize strip intercropping: A solution for maintaining food security in China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(7): 2503-2506.
[9] Zhimin Wu, Xiaozeng Han, Xu Chen, Xinchun Lu, Jun Yan, Wei Wang, Wenxiu Zou, Lei Yan.

Application of organic manure as a potential strategy to alleviate the limitation of microbial resources in soybean rhizospheric and bulk soils [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 2065-2082.

[10] Ping Chen, Qing Du, Benchuan Zheng, Huan Yang, Zhidan Fu, Kai Luo, Ping Lin, Yilin Li, Tian Pu, Taiwen Yong, Wenyu Yang.

Coordinated responses of leaf and nodule traits contribute to the accumulation of N in relay intercropped soybean [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(6): 1910-1928.

[11] Qianqian Chen, Qian Zhao, Baoxing Xie, Xing Lu, Qi Guo, Guoxuan Liu, Ming Zhou, Jihui Tian, Weiguo Lu, Kang Chen, Jiang Tian, Cuiyue Liang.

Soybean (Glycine max) rhizosphere organic phosphorus recycling relies on acid phosphatase activity and specific phosphorus-mineralizing-related bacteria in phosphate deficient acidic soils [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(5): 1685-1702.

[12] Xiaoyan Cui, Ke Yang, Weiyun Zhang, Liyang Zhang, Ding Li, Wei Wu, Yun Hu, Tingting Li, Xugang Luo. Dietary manganese supplementation inhibits abdominal fat deposition possibly by regulating gene expression and enzyme activity involved in lipid metabolism in the abdominal fat of broilers[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4161-4171.
[13] Yiwang Zhong, Xingang Li, Shasha Wang, Sansan Li, Yuhong Zeng, Yanbo Cheng, Qibin Ma, Yanyan Wang, Yuanting Pang, Hai Nian, Ke Wen. Mapping and identification of QTLs for seed fatty acids in soybean (Glycine max L.)[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 3966-3982.
[14] Tantan Zhang, Yali Liu, Shiqiang Ge, Peng Peng, Hu Tang, Jianwu Wang. Sugarcane/soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen addition enhances residue-derived labile soil organic carbon and microbial network complexity in the soil during straw decomposition[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4216-4236.
[15] Berhane S. GEBREGZIABHER, ZHANG Sheng-rui, Muhammad AZAM, QI Jie, Kwadwo G. AGYENIM-BOATENG, FENG Yue, LIU Yi-tian, LI Jing, LI Bin, SUN Jun-ming. Natural variations and geographical distributions of seed carotenoids and chlorophylls in 1 167 Chinese soybean accessions[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2632-2647.
No Suggested Reading articles found!