|
|
|
|
|
| Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields |
| LÜ Guo-hua, SONG Ji-qing, BAI Wen-bo, WU Yong-feng, LIU Yuan, KANG Yao-hu |
er Use and Drought Mitigation, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sci ences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
2、Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity (RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons. The results showed that border irrigation (BI), sprinkler irrigation (SI), and surface drip irrigation (SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature. Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments. The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns. Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high. Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies. As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used. The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function. A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.
Abstract The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity (RH) within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons. The results showed that border irrigation (BI), sprinkler irrigation (SI), and surface drip irrigation (SDI) had no significant effects on soil temperature. Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments. The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns. Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high. Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies. As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used. The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function. A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.
|
|
Received: 15 July 2014
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This study is part of the work of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51109214, 31101074 and 51309211) and the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011BAD32B) and the Basic Scientific Research Foundation of National Non-Profit Scientific Institute of China (BSRF201303). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
KANG Yao-hu, Tel: +86-10-82106005, E-mail:kangyh@igsnrr.ac.cn
E-mail: kangyh@igsnrr.ac.cn
|
| About author: Lü Guo-hua, Tel: +86-10-82106005, E-mail: lvguohua@caas.cn; |
Cite this article:
Lü Guo-hua, SONG Ji-qing, BAI Wen-bo, WU Yong-feng, LIU Yuan, KANG Yao-hu.
2015.
Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(8): 1658-1672.
|
| 1、State Key Engineering Laboratory of Crops Efficient WatAdeoye K B. 1986. Physical changes induced by rainfall in thesurface layer of an Alfisol, northern Nigeria. Geoderma,39, 59-66Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, Smith M. 1998. CropEvapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop WaterRequirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56.United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.Bai W M, Li L H. 2003. Effect of irrigation methods and quota onroot water uptake and biomass of alfalfa in the Wulanbuhesandy region of China. Agricultural Water Management,62, 139-148Bathke G R, Cassel D K, Hargrove W L, Porter P M. 1992.Modification of soil physical properties and root growthresponse. Soil Science, 154, 316-329Benjamin J G, Nielsen D C. 2006. Water deficit effects on rootdistribution of soybean, field pea and chickpea. Field CropsReseach, 97, 248-253Breazeale L E, Mcgeorge W T. 1953. Influence of atmospherichumidity on root growth. Soil Science, 76, 361-366Cavero J, Medina E T, Pug M, Martinez-Cob A. 2009. Sprinklerirrigation changes maize canopy microclimate and cropwater status, transpiration, and temperature. AgronomyJournal, 101, 854-864Fabião A, Madeira M, Steen E, Kätterer T, Ribeiro C, AraújoC. 1995. Development of root biomass in an Eucalyptusglobulus plantation under different water and nutrientregimes. Plant and Soil, 168-169, 215–223Ferguson H, Boatwright G O. 1968. Effects of environmentalfactors on the development of the crown node andadventitious roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum).Agronomy Journal, 60, 258-260Jackson L E, Bloom A J. 1990. Root distribution in relation tosoil nitrogen availability in field-grown tomatoes. Plant andSoil, 128, 115-126Home P G, Panda R K, Kar S. 2002. Effect of methodand scheduling of irrigation on water and nitrogen useefficiencies of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). AgriculturalWater Management, 55, 159-170Kar S, Varade S B, Subramanyam T K, Ghildyal B P. 1976. Soilphysical conditions affecting rice root growth: Bulk densityand submerged soil temperature regime effects. AgronomyJournal, 68, 23-26Kaspar T C, Bland W L. 1992. Soil temperature and root growth.Soil Science, 154, 290-299Kätterer T, Hansson A, Andrén O. 1993. Wheat root biomassand nitrogen dynamics—effects of daily irrigation andfertilization. Plant and Soil, 151, 21-30Kmoch H G, Ramig R E, Fox R L, Koehler F E. 1957. Rootdevelopment of winter wheat as influenced by soil moistureand nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 49, 20-26Liu H J, Kang Y H. 2006. Effect of sprinkler irrigation onmicroclimate in the winter wheat field in the North ChinaPlain. Agricultural Water Management, 84, 3-19Liu H J, Kang Y H. 2007. Sprinkler irrigation scheduling of winterwheat in the North China Plain using a 20 cm standard pan.Irrigation Science, 25, 149-159Lü G H, Kang Y H, Li L, Wan S Q. 2010. Effect of irrigationmethods on root development and profile soil water uptakein winter wheat. Irrigation Science, 28, 387-398Merrill S D, Rawlins S L. 1979. Distribution and growthof sorghum roots in response to irrigation frequency.Agronomy Journal, 71, 738-745Nielsen K F, Halstead R L, Maclean A J, Holmes R M, BourgetS J. 1960. The influence of temperature on the growthand mineral composition of oats. Canada Journal of SoilScience, 40, 255-264Ragab R A. 1983. The effect of sprinkler intensity and energyof falling drops on soil surface sealing. Soil Science, 136,117-123Rawlins S L, Roats P A C. 1975. Prospects for high-frequencyirrigation. Science, 188, 604-610Rowse H R. 1974. The effect of irrigation on the length, weight,and diameter of lettuce roots. Plant and Soil, 40, 381-391Sun Z Q. 2006. Research on the effect of sprinkler irrigation on soil structure and the characteristic of water and nitrogendistribution. Ph D thesis, Graduate University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences, China. (in Chinese)Tarchitzky J, Banin A, Morin J, Chen Y. 1984. Nature, formationand effects of soil crusts formed by water drop impact.Geoderma, 33, 135-155Tolk J A, Howell T A, Steiner J L, Krieg D R. 1995. Role oftranspiration suppression by evaporation of interceptedwater in improving irrigation efficiency. Irrigation Science,16, 89-95Torreano S J, Morris L A. 1998. Loblolly pine root growth anddistribution under water stress. Soil Science Society ofAmerican Journal, 62, 818-827Unger P W, Kaspar T C. 1994. Soil compaction and root growth:a review. Agronomy Journal, 86, 759-766Wang D, Yates S R, Simunek J, van Genuchten M T. 1997.Solute transport in simulated conductivity fields underdifferent irrigations. Transactions of the American Societyof Agricultural Engineers, 123, 336-343Yoshida S, Eguchi H. 1989. Effect of root temperature on gasexchange and water uptake in intact roots of cucumberplants (Cucumis sativus L.) in hydroponics. Biotronics,18, 15-21Zheng C H, Kang Y H, Yao S M, Yan C Z, Sun Z Q. 2004.Method of root analysis using GIS technology. Transactionof the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 20,181-183 (in Chinese)Zimmerman R P, Kardos L T. 1961. Effect of bulk density onroot growth. Soil Science, 91, 280-288 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
