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| Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review |
| Anil K Puniya, Abdelfattah Z M Salem, Sanjay Kumar, Sumit S Dagar, Gareth W Griffith, Monica Puniya, Sreenivas R Ravella, Nikhil Kumar, Tejpal Dhewa, Ravinder Kumar |
1、Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
2、Faculy of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca P.O. 50000, Mexico
3、Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
4、Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY 23 3DD, UK
5、Department of Microbiology, Bhaskarcharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075, India
6、Microbial Science Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India |
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摘要 To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials (DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes (i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi (ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe’ status for ruminants.
Abstract To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials (DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes (i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi (ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe’ status for ruminants.
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Received: 21 October 2013
Accepted:
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Corresponding Authors:
Anil K Puniya, E-mail: akpuniya@gmail.com
E-mail: akpuniya@gmail.com
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Cite this article:
Anil K Puniya, Abdelfattah Z M Salem, Sanjay Kumar, Sumit S Dagar, Gareth W Griffith, Monica Puniya, Sreenivas R Ravella, Nikhil Kumar, Tejpal Dhewa, Ravinder Kumar.
2015.
Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(3): 550-560.
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