|
|
|
|
|
| Improvement to Maize Growth Caused by Biochars Derived From Six Feedstocks Prepared at Three Different Temperatures |
| LUO Yu, JIAO Yu-jie, ZHAO Xiao-rong, LI Gui-tong, ZHAO Li-xin , MENG Hai-bo |
1、Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, P.R.China
2、College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
3、Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 Biochar is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, different biochars were produced from 6 feedstocks, including straw and poultry manure, at 3 pyrolysis temperatures (200, 300 and 500°C) and then added separately to a calcareous soil. Their effects on soil properties and maize growth were evaluated in a pot experiment. The biochars derived from crop straw had much higher C but smaller N concentrations than those derived from poultry manure. Carbon concentrations, pH and EC values increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar addition resulted in increases in mean maize dry matter of 12.73% and NPK concentrations of 30, 33 and 283%, respectively. Mean soil pH values were increased by 0.45 units. The biochar-amended soils had 44, 55, 254 and 537% more organic C, total N, Olsen-P and available K, respectively, than the control on average. Both feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature determined the characteristics of the biochar. Biochars with high mineral concentrations may act as mineral nutrient supplements.
Abstract Biochar is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, different biochars were produced from 6 feedstocks, including straw and poultry manure, at 3 pyrolysis temperatures (200, 300 and 500°C) and then added separately to a calcareous soil. Their effects on soil properties and maize growth were evaluated in a pot experiment. The biochars derived from crop straw had much higher C but smaller N concentrations than those derived from poultry manure. Carbon concentrations, pH and EC values increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar addition resulted in increases in mean maize dry matter of 12.73% and NPK concentrations of 30, 33 and 283%, respectively. Mean soil pH values were increased by 0.45 units. The biochar-amended soils had 44, 55, 254 and 537% more organic C, total N, Olsen-P and available K, respectively, than the control on average. Both feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature determined the characteristics of the biochar. Biochars with high mineral concentrations may act as mineral nutrient supplements.
|
|
Received: 09 October 2013
Accepted:
|
| Fund: The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171211) and the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201303095-2). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
LI Gui-tong, Tel: +86-10-62732963, E-mail: lgtong@cau.edu.cn
E-mail: lgtong@cau.edu.cn
|
| About author: LUO Yu |
Cite this article:
LUO Yu, JIAO Yu-jie, ZHAO Xiao-rong, LI Gui-tong, ZHAO Li-xin , MENG Hai-bo.
2014.
Improvement to Maize Growth Caused by Biochars Derived From Six Feedstocks Prepared at Three Different Temperatures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(3): 533-540.
|
| Asadullah M, Zhang S, Min Z H, Yimsiri P, Li C. 2010. Evaluation of structural features of chars from pyrolysis of biomass of different particle sizes. Fuel Processing Technology, 91, 877-881 Baldock J A, Smernik R J. 2002. Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinusresinosa (Red pine) wood. Organic Geochemistry, 33, 1093-1109 Bauer A, Black A L. 1994. Quantification of the effect of soil organic matter content on soil productivity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 185-193 Beesley L, Moreno-Jiménez E, Gomez-Eyles L, Harris E, Robinson B, Sizmur T. 2011. A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3269-3282 Chan K Y, Xu Z. 2009. Biochar for environmental management science and technology. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S, eds., Biochar: Nutrient Properties and their Enhancement. Earthscan, London. pp. 67-84 DeLuca T H, MacKenzie M D, Gundale M J. 2009. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S, eds., Biochar for Environmental Management. Sterling, London. pp. 251-270 DeLuca T H, MacKenzie M D, Gundale M J, Holben W E. 2006. Wildfire-produced charcoal directly influences nitrogen cycling in ponderosa pine forests. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 448. Enders A, Whitman T, Joseph S, Lehmann J. 2012. Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresource Technology, 114, 644-653 Goldberg E D. 1985. Black Carbon in the Environment. John Wiley, New York. pp. 198-199 Hossain M K, Strezov V, Chan K Y, Ziolkowski A, Nelson P F. 2011. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 223-228 Jeffery S, Verheijen F G A, Van V M, Bastos A C. 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144, 175-187 Kwapinski W, Byrne C M P, Kryachko E, Wolfram P, Adley C, Novotny E H, Hayes M H B. 2010. Biochar from biomass and waste. Waste Biomass Valorization, 1, 177-189 Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H Q, Bogomolova I, Xu X L. 2009. Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 210-219 Laird D, Fleming P, Wang B, Horton R, Karlen D. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 158, 436-442 Lal R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304, 1623- 1627. Lehmann J. 2007a. A handful of carbon. Nature, 447, 143- 144. Lehmann J. 2007b. Bio-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 381-387 Lehmann J, Gaunt J. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, 395-419 Lehmann J, Joseph S. 2009. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Sterling, VA, Earthscan, London. p. 416. Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O’Neill B, Skjemstad J, Thies J, Luizão F J, Petersen J, et al. 2006. Black carbon increases cationexchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 1719. Luo R K. 1996. Soil Chemistry Analytical Method. China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House, Beijing. Luo Y, Durenkamp M, Denobili, Lin Q M, Brookes P C. 2011. Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43, 2304-2314 Luo Y, Durenkamp M, Denobili, Lin Q M, Devonshire B J, Brookes P C. 2013. Microbial biomass growth, following incorporation of biochars produced at 350°C or 700°C, in a silty-clay loam soil of high and low pH. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 57, 513-523 Mathews J A. 2008. Carbon-negative biofuels. Energy Policy, 36, 940-945 Nguyen B T, Lehmann J. 2009. Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes. Organic Geochemistry, 40, 846-853 Peng X, Ye L L, Wang C H, Zhou H, Sun B. 2011. Temperature- and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar: Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 112, 159-166 Ro K S, Cantrell K B, Hunt P G. 2010. High-temperature pyrolysis of blended animal manures for producing renewable energy and value-added biochar. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 10125-10131 Sanchez M E, Lindao E, Margaleff D, Martinez O, Moran A. 2009. Bio-Fuels and bio-char production from pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, 6, 35-41 Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, Nehls T, Macêdo J L V, Blum W E H, Zech W. 2007. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil, 291, 275-290 Verheijen F G A, Jeffery S, Bastos A C, Vander V M, Diafas I. 2010. Biochar Application to Soils: a Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Woolf D, Amonette J E, Street P, Alayne F, Lehmann J, Joseph S. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications, 1, 1-9 Yuan J H, Xu R K, Zhang H. 2011. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures. Bioresource Technology, 102, 3488-3497 van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S. 2010. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 327, 235- 246. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
