|
|
|
|
|
| Trends of Yield and Soil Fertility in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize System |
| YANG Xue-yun, SUN Ben-hua , ZHANG Shu-lan |
1.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
2.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 The sustainability of the wheat-maize rotation is important to China’s food security. Intensive cropping without recycling crop residues or other organic inputs results in the loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients, and is assumed to be non- sustainable. We evaluated the effects of nine different treatments on yields, nitrogen use efficiency, P and K balances, and soil fertility in a wheat-maize rotation system (1991-2010) on silt clay loam in Shaanxi, China. The treatments involved the application of recommended dose of nitrogen (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), phosphorus and potassium (PK), combined NPK, wheat or maize straw (S) with NPK (SNPK), or dairy manure (M) with NPK (M1NPK and M2NPK), along with an un-treated control treatment (CK). The mean yields of wheat and maize ranged from 992 and 2 235 kg ha-1 under CK to 5 962 and 6 894 kg ha-1 under M2NPK treatment, respectively. Treatments in which either N or P was omitted (N, NK and PK) gave significantly lower crop yields than those in which both were applied. The crop yields obtained under NP, NPK and SNPK treatments were statistically identical, as were those obtained under SNPK and MNPK. However, M2NPK gave a significant higher wheat yield than NP, and MNPK gave significant higher maize yield than both NP and NPK. Wheat yields increased significantly (by 86 to 155 kg ha-1 yr-1) in treatments where NP was applied, but maize yields did not. In general, the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat was the highest under the NP and NPK treatments; for maize, it was the highest under MNPK treatment. The P balance was highly positive under MNPK treatment, increasing by 136 to 213 kg ha-1 annually. While the K balance was negative in most treatments, ranging from 31 to 217 kg ha-1 yr-1, levels of soil available K remained unchanged or increased over the 20 yr. SOM levels increased significantly in all treatments. Overall, the results indicated that combinations of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen, or returning straw with NP is likely to improve soil fertility, increasing the yields achievable with wheat-maize system in a way which is environmentally and agronomically beneficial on the tested soil.
Abstract The sustainability of the wheat-maize rotation is important to China’s food security. Intensive cropping without recycling crop residues or other organic inputs results in the loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients, and is assumed to be non- sustainable. We evaluated the effects of nine different treatments on yields, nitrogen use efficiency, P and K balances, and soil fertility in a wheat-maize rotation system (1991-2010) on silt clay loam in Shaanxi, China. The treatments involved the application of recommended dose of nitrogen (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), phosphorus and potassium (PK), combined NPK, wheat or maize straw (S) with NPK (SNPK), or dairy manure (M) with NPK (M1NPK and M2NPK), along with an un-treated control treatment (CK). The mean yields of wheat and maize ranged from 992 and 2 235 kg ha-1 under CK to 5 962 and 6 894 kg ha-1 under M2NPK treatment, respectively. Treatments in which either N or P was omitted (N, NK and PK) gave significantly lower crop yields than those in which both were applied. The crop yields obtained under NP, NPK and SNPK treatments were statistically identical, as were those obtained under SNPK and MNPK. However, M2NPK gave a significant higher wheat yield than NP, and MNPK gave significant higher maize yield than both NP and NPK. Wheat yields increased significantly (by 86 to 155 kg ha-1 yr-1) in treatments where NP was applied, but maize yields did not. In general, the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat was the highest under the NP and NPK treatments; for maize, it was the highest under MNPK treatment. The P balance was highly positive under MNPK treatment, increasing by 136 to 213 kg ha-1 annually. While the K balance was negative in most treatments, ranging from 31 to 217 kg ha-1 yr-1, levels of soil available K remained unchanged or increased over the 20 yr. SOM levels increased significantly in all treatments. Overall, the results indicated that combinations of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen, or returning straw with NP is likely to improve soil fertility, increasing the yields achievable with wheat-maize system in a way which is environmentally and agronomically beneficial on the tested soil.
|
|
Received: 31 October 2012
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This study was financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201203030) and the 2010 Innovation Group Program of Northwest A&F University, China. |
|
Corresponding Authors:
ZHANG Shu-lan, Tel/Fax: +86-29-87088120, E-mail: zhangshulan@nwsuaf.edu.cn, zhshulan@hotmail.com
|
| About author: YANG Xue-yun, Tel: +86-29-87088120, E-mail: xueyunyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn, xueyunyang@hotmail.com |
Cite this article:
YANG Xue-yun, SUN Ben-hua , ZHANG Shu-lan.
2014.
Trends of Yield and Soil Fertility in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize System. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(2): 402-414.
|
| Barzegar A R, Yousefi A, Daryashenas A. 2002. The effect of addition of different amounts and types of organic materials on soil physical properties and yield of wheat. Plant and Soil, 247, 395-301 Berzsenyi Z, Gyorffy B, DangQuoc L. 2000. Effect of crop rotation and fertilization on maize and wheat yields and yield stability in a long-term experiment. European Journal of Agronomy, 13, 225-244 Bhattacharyya R, Prakash V, Kundu S, Ghosh B N, Srivastva A K, Gupta H S. 2006. Potassium balance as influenced by farmyard manure application under continuous soybean-wheat cropping system in a typic Haplaquept. Geoderma, 137, 155-160 Cai Z C, Qin S W. 2006. Dynamics of crop yields and soil organic carbon in a long-term fertilization experiment in the Huang-Hui-Hai Plain of China. Geoderma, 136, 708- 715. Chivenge P, Vanlauwe B, Six J. 2011. Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influence maize productivity? A meta-analysis. Plant and Soil, 342, 1-30 C u i Z, Chen X, Zhang F. 2010. Current nitrogen management status and measures to improve the intensive wheat-maize system in China. AMBIO, 39, 376-384 Dawe D, Dobermann A, Ladha J K, Yadav R L, Bao L, Gupta R K, Lal P, Panaullah G, Sariam O, Singh Y. 2003. Do organic amendments improve yield trends and profitability in intensive rice systems? Field Crops Research, 83, 191-213 Dobermann A, Cassman K G. 2005. Cereal area and nitrogen use efficiency are drivers of future nitrogen fertilizer consumption. Science in China (Series C: Life Sciences), 48(Suppl. 2), 745-758 Dobermann A, Witt C. 2000. The potential impact of crop intensification on carbon and nitrogen cycling in intensive rice system. In: Kirk G J D, Olk D C, eds., Proceedings of the Workshop on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Flooded Soils. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. pp. 1-25 Fang Q X, Yu Q, Wang E L, Chen Y H, Zhang G L, Wang J. 2006. Soil nitrate accumulation, leaching and crop nitrogen use as influenced by fertilization and irrigation in an intensive wheat-maize double cropping system in the North China Plain. Plant and Soil, 284, 335-350 Fu Y, Tong Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Cao S, Wang L. 2010. Establishment of soil nutrient abundance and fertilizer recommendation index system for summer maize in Guanzhong irrigation areas of Shaanxi Province. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 28, 88-93 (in Chinese) Giacometti C, Demyan M S, Cavani L, Marzadori C, Ciavatta C, Kandeler E. 2013. Chemical and microbiological soil quality indicators and their potential to differentiate fertilization regimes in temperate agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 64, 32-48 Guo Z, Huang Z, Feng L. 1992. Shaanxi Soils. Scientific Press, Beijing. p. 100. (in Chinese) H a t i K M, Swarup A, Dwivedi A K, Misra A K, Bandyopadhyay K K. 2007. Changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central India after 28 years of continuous cropping, fertilization and manuring. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 119, 127-134 Jiang D, Hengsdijk H, Dai T B, de Boer W, Jing Q, Cao W X. 2006. Long-term effects of manure and inorganic fertilizers on yield and soil fertility for a winter wheat- maize system in Jiangsu, China. Pedosphere, 16, 25-32 Kaur T, Brar B S, Dhillon N S. 2008. Soil organic matter dynamics as affected by long-tern use of organic and inorganic fertilizers under maize-wheat cropping system. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 81, 59-69 Kautz T, Amelung W, Ewert F, Gaiser T, Horn R, Jahn R, Javaux M, Kemna A, Kuzyakov Y, Munch Jean- Charles, et al. 2013. Nutrient acquisition from arable subsoils in temperate climates: A review. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 57, 1003-1022 Kundu S, Prakash V, Ghosh B N, Singh R D, Srivastva A K. 2002. Quantitative Relationship Between Annual Carbon Inputs and Soil Organic Carbon Build-Up In Soybean (Glycine Max)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence. 2nd ed. Agronomy Congress. New Delhi, India. pp. 108-110 Li Y. 1983. Analytical Methods of Soil and Agricultural Chemistry. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) Liu E, Yan C, Mei X, He W, Bing S H, Ding L, Liu Q, Liu S, Fan T. 2010. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China. Geoderma, 158, 173-180 Manna M C, Bhattacharyya P, Adhya T K, Singh M, Wanjari R H, Ramana S, Tripathi A K, Singh K N, Reddy K S, Rao A S, et al. 2013. Carbon fractions and productivity under changed climate scenario in soybean- wheat system. Field Crops Research, 145, 10-20 McDonald J H. 2009. Handbook of Biological Statistics. 2nd ed. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland. Munson R D. 1985. Potassium in Agriculture. Soil Science Society of America Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 127- 131, 219. Nie S, Huang S, Zhang S, Guo D, Zhang Q, Bao D. 2012. Effects of various fertilizations on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in winter wheat-summer corn rotation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 10, 567-572 Nguyen B C, Putaud J P, Mihalopoulos N, Bonsang B. 1994. CH4 and CO2 emissions from rice straw burning in South East Asia. Environment Monitor Assessment, 31, 131- 137. Pathak H, Singh R, Bhatia A, Jain N. 2006. Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution. Paddy and Water Environment, 4, 111-117 Sharma A, Jalali V K, Arora S. 2010. Non-exchangeable potassium release and its removal in foot-hill soils of North-west Himalayas. Catena, 82, 112-117. Shen S M. 1998. Soil Fertility in China. Chinese Agricultural Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) Singh M, Singh V P, Reddy D D. 2002. Potassium balance and release kinetics under continuous rice-wheat cropping system in Vertisol. Field Crops Research, 77, 81-91. Su Y Z. 2001. Potassium balance and potash application effect in cultivated lands of Gansu Province. Soil, 2, 73- 76. (in Chinese) Sun B H,Yang X Y,Gu Q Z, Ma L. 2004. Critical values of potassium for paddy rice,winter wheat and summer maize in Shaanxi Province. In: Zhuo J M, ed., Evaluation of Soil K Fertility and Rational K Fertilization. Jilin Science and Technology Press, China. pp. 78-83 (in Chinese) Surekha K, Pavan Chandra Reddy K, Padma Kumari A P, Sta Cruz P C. 2006. Effect of straw on yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under rice-rice cropping system. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 192, 92-101 Tan D, Jin J, Jiang L, Huang S, Liu Z. 2012. Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 148, 65-71 Tong C, Hall C A S, Wang H. 2003. Land use change in rice, wheat and maize production in China (1961-1998) Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 95, 523-536 Witter E, Johansson G. 2001. Potassium uptake from the subsoil by green manure crops. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 19, 127-141 Yadav R L, Dwivedi B S, Prasad K, Tomar O K, Shurpali N J, Pandey P S. 2000. Yield trends, and changes in soil organic-C and available NPK in a long-term rice-wheat system under integrated use of manures and fertilisers. Field Crops Research, 68, 219-246 Yadvinder-Singh B S, Ladha J K, Khind C S, Gupta R K, Meelu O P, Pasuquin E. 2004. Long-term effects of organic inputs on yield and soil fertility in the rice-wheat rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 845-853 Yang X, Brookes P C, Li S. 2004. Preliminary study on mechanism of Phosphorus leaching in cumulic cinnamon soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 10, 479-482 (in Chinese) Yang X, Ren W, Sun B, Zhang S. 2012. Effects of contrasting soil management regimes on total and labile soil organic carbon fractions in a loess soil in China. Geoderma, 177-178, 49-56 Zhang F, Wang J, Zhang W, Cui Z, Ma W, Chen X, Jiang R. 2008. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in china and measures for improvement. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 45, 915-924 (in Chinese) Zhang H, Wang B, Xu M, Fan T. 2009. Crop yield and soil responses to long-term fertilization on a red soil in Southern China. Pedosphere, 19, 199-207 Zhang H, Yang X, He X, Xu M, Huang S, Liu H, Wang B. 2011. Effect of long-term potassium fertilization on crop yield and potassium efficiency and balance under wheat- maize rotation in China. Pedosphere, 21, 154-163 Zhou Z, Gan Z, Shuangguan Z, Zhang F. 2013. Effects of long-term repeated mineral and organic fertilizer applications on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in a semi-arid cropland. European Journal of Agronomy, 45, 20-26 Zhu Z L, Chen D L. 2002. Nitrogen fertilizer use in China - Contributions to food production, impacts on the environment and best management strategies. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 63, 117-127. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
