|
|
|
|
|
| Evaluation of Harvest Aid Chemicals for the Cotton-Winter Wheat Double Cropping System |
| DU Ming-wei, REN Xiao-ming, TIAN Xiao-li, DUAN Liu-sheng, ZHANG Ming-cai, TAN Wei-ming , LI Zhao-hu |
| State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotton in the double cropping system. Three defoliants (dimethipin, thidiazuron, and thidiazuron-diuron) and one boll opener (ethephon) were included in this research. They were evaluated for their effects on defoliation, boll opening, seedcotton yield, seed quality, and fiber quality of field grown cotton when used alone or as a mixture in 2009 and 2010. Defoliation and/or boll opening were increased by all three defoliants and ethephon, especially by mixtures of a defoliant and ethephon. First harvest of seedcotton was significantly increased with defoliant-ethephon mixtures. No significant adverse effects were observed on boll weight, lint percentage, seed quality, and fiber properties. It was estimated that tank mixes of ethephon and one of the three defoliants can improve the adjusted gross revenue. Boll opening can be used as an alternative indicator for the adjusted gross revenue, because, it was linearly and positively correlated with the relative adjusted gross revenue and convenient in measurements. Wheat seedling growth was not affected by thidiazuron, whereas its seedling emergence, root dry weight, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were adversely affected by dimethipin and thidiazurondiuron when concentration was above 340 and 100 g (a.i.) ha-1, respectively. 90% defoliation and 80% boll opening were observed with the high rate of thidiazuron-ethephon mixture, but no adverse effects on winter wheat. The results suggested that tank mixes of ethephon with thidiazuron can be used effectively and safely in the cotton-winter wheat double cropping system to improve yield without adverse effects on seed quality and fiber quality.
Abstract Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotton in the double cropping system. Three defoliants (dimethipin, thidiazuron, and thidiazuron-diuron) and one boll opener (ethephon) were included in this research. They were evaluated for their effects on defoliation, boll opening, seedcotton yield, seed quality, and fiber quality of field grown cotton when used alone or as a mixture in 2009 and 2010. Defoliation and/or boll opening were increased by all three defoliants and ethephon, especially by mixtures of a defoliant and ethephon. First harvest of seedcotton was significantly increased with defoliant-ethephon mixtures. No significant adverse effects were observed on boll weight, lint percentage, seed quality, and fiber properties. It was estimated that tank mixes of ethephon and one of the three defoliants can improve the adjusted gross revenue. Boll opening can be used as an alternative indicator for the adjusted gross revenue, because, it was linearly and positively correlated with the relative adjusted gross revenue and convenient in measurements. Wheat seedling growth was not affected by thidiazuron, whereas its seedling emergence, root dry weight, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were adversely affected by dimethipin and thidiazurondiuron when concentration was above 340 and 100 g (a.i.) ha-1, respectively. 90% defoliation and 80% boll opening were observed with the high rate of thidiazuron-ethephon mixture, but no adverse effects on winter wheat. The results suggested that tank mixes of ethephon with thidiazuron can be used effectively and safely in the cotton-winter wheat double cropping system to improve yield without adverse effects on seed quality and fiber quality.
|
|
Received: 17 January 2012
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30825028), the Program of the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (2011AA10A206), and the Innovation Fund for Graduate Student of China Agricultural University (KYCX2010032). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence LI Zhao-hu, Tel/Fax: +86-10-62733427, E-mail: lizhaohu@cau.edu.cn
|
| About author: DU Ming-wei, E-mail: mingwei.du@yahoo.cn; |
Cite this article:
DU Ming-wei, REN Xiao-ming, TIAN Xiao-li, DUAN Liu-sheng, ZHANG Ming-cai, TAN Wei-ming , LI Zhao-hu.
2013.
Evaluation of Harvest Aid Chemicals for the Cotton-Winter Wheat Double Cropping System. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(2): 273-282.
|
| [1]Bednarz C W S, Anthony W D, Stanley W. 2002. Losses inyield, quality, and profitability of cotton from improperharvest timing. Agronomy Journal, 94, 1004-1011[2]Burmester C, Monks C D, Patterson M G. 2009. CottonDefoliation. ANR-0715, ACES Publication [2011-06-21].http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0715[3]Campos P S, Quartin V, Ramalho J C, Nunes M A. 2003.Electrolyte leakage and lipid degradation account forcold sensitivity in leaves of Coffea sp. plants. Journalof Plant Physiology, 160, 283-292[4]Cathey G W, Luckett K E, Rayburn S T. 1982. Acceleratedcotton boll dehiscence with growth-regulator anddesiccant chemicals. Field Crops Research, 5, 113-120[5]Collins G D, Edmisten K L, Jordan D L, Wells R, Lanier J E,Hamm G S. 2007. Defining optimal defoliation timingand harvest timing for compact, normal, and extendedfruiting patterns of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)achieved by cultivar maturity groups. The World CottonResearch Conference. [2011-06-16] http://wcrc.confex.com/wcrc/2007/techprogram/P1247.HTM[6]Faircloth J C, Edmisten K L, Wells R, Stewart A M. 2004.The influence of defoliation timing on yields and qualityof two cotton cultivars. Crop Science, 44, 165-172[7]Faircloth J C, Sanders J, Wilson H. 2009. Cotton harvestaid selection and application timing. VirginiaCooperative Extension. [2011-07-18] http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/424/424-201/424-201.html[8]Ferreira M I, Reinhardt C F. 2010. Field assessment of cropresidues for allelopathic effects on both crops andweeds. Agronomy Journal, 102, 1593-1600[9]Gwathmey C O, Craig Jr C. 2007. Defoliants for cotton. In:Pimentel D, ed., Encyclopedia of Pest Management.CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 135-137[10]Gwathmey C O, Hayes R M. 1997. Harvest-aid interactionsunder different temperature regimes in field-growncotton. Journal of Cotton Science, 1, 1-9[11]Hoagland R E. 1984. Dimethipin (2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide) effects on soybeanseedling growth and metabolism Plant CellPhysiology, 25, 397-405[12]Kaur T, Brar L S, Walia U S. 2009. Residual effect ofsulfonylurea herbicides applied to wheat on succeedingsummer and kharif mung. Ecology Environment &Conservation, 15, 615-618[13]Kniss A R, Lyon D J. 2011. Winter wheat response topreplant applications of aminocyclopyrachlor. WeedTechnology, 25, 51-57[14]Main C L, Hayes R M. 2010. Cotton Harvest Aids. [2011-07-28]. https://utextension.tennessee.edu/publicatio n s / D o c u m e n t s / F o r m s / D i s p F o r m . a s p x ?id=1781&InitialTabID=Ribbon.Read[15]Metzger J D, Keng J. 1984. Effects of dimethipin, a defoliantand desiccant, on stomatal behavior and proteinsynthesis. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 3, 141-156[16]Miller D, Stephenson D, Richardson W B, Boethel D J,Coreil P. 2010. Cotton Defoliation Guidelines forLouisiana.[2011-07-18].http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/13BB0B0B-FD96-4EC0-8E1C-7927AF87C89A/72354/pub2927cottondefoliation2010HIGHRES.pdf[17]Sharp R E, Hsiao T C, Silk W K. 1990. Growth of the maizeprimary root at low water potentials. 2. role of growth and deposition of hexose and potassium in osmoticadjustment. Plant Physiology, 93, 1337-1346[18]Siebert J D, Stewart A M. 2006. Correlation of defoliationtiming methods to optimize cotton yield, quality andrevenue. Journal of Cotton Science, 10, 146-154[19]Smith C W, Cothren J T, Varvil J J. 1986. Yield and fiberquality of cotton following application of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. Agronomy Journal, 78, 814-818[20]Snipes C E, Baskin C C. 1994. Influence of early defoliationon cotton yield, seed quality, and fiber properties. FieldCrops Research, 37, 137-143[21]Snipes C E, Cathey G W. 1992. Evaluation of defoliantmixtures in cotton. Field Crops Research, 28, 327-334[22]Snipes C E, Wills G D. 1994. Influence of temperature andadjuvants on thidiazuron activity in cotton leaves. WeedScience, 42, 13-17[23]Stewart A M, Edmisten K L, Wells R. 2000. Boll openers incotton: effectiveness and environmental influences.Field Crops Research, 67, 83-90[24]Suttle J C. 1985. Involvement of ethylene in the action ofthe cotton defoliant thidiazuron. Plant Physiology, 78,272-276[25]Suttle J C. 1988. Disruption of the polar auxin transportsystem in cotton seedlings following treatment withthe defoliant thidiazuron. Plant Physiology, 86, 241-245[26]Süzer S, Büyük H. 2010. Residual effects ofsprayingimidazolinone-family herbicides on Clearfield®*sunflower production from the point of view of croprotation. Helia, 33, 25-36[27]Tang Q Y, Feng M G. 2007. DPS Data Processing System:Experimental Design Statistical Analysis and DataMining. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[28]Zhang F S, Li L. 2003. Using competitive and facilitativeinteractions in intercropping systems enhances cropproductivity and nutrient-use efficiency. Plant andSoil, 248, 305-312[29]Zhang L Z, van der Werf W, Bastiaans L, Zhang S, Li B,Spiertz J. 2008. Light interception and utilization in relayintercrops of wheat and cotton. Field Crops Research,107, 29-42[30]Zhang L Z, van der Werf W, Zhang S, Li B, Spiertz J. 2007.Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relaystrip intercropping systems. Field Crops Research,103, 178-188. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
