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| Research, Extension, and Good Farming Practices Improve Water Quality and Productivity |
| Clinton C Shock, Candace B Shock |
1.Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario 97914, USA
2.Scientific Ecological Services, Ontario 97914, USA |
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摘要 Agriculture in southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho known collectively as the Treasure Valley has depended on furrow irrigation using heavy inputs of water and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Crop rotations include onion, corn, wheat, sugar beet, potato, bean, and other crops. By 1986 groundwater had become contaminated with nitrate and residues of the herbicide chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA); an official groundwater management area was established by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality along with an action plan and well monitoring network. The action plan allowed for a trial period to see whether voluntary changes would improve trends. Researchers, producers, and agencies cooperated to develop production options that had the possibility of being both environmentally protective and cost effective. Options were tested to improve irrigation practices, increase N fertilizer use efficiency on several rotation crops, and find a cost effective replacement for DCPA. Research demonstrated the opportunity for increased productivity through both irrigation scheduling and the adoption of drip and sprinkler systems. Fertilizer research demonstrated that smaller, more frequent N applications were more efficient than a single large application. Effective, lower cost herbicides replaced DCPA. Research results were effectively delivered through many means and voluntarily adopted. Both groundwater nitrate and DCPA residues are declining. Productivity has increased.
Abstract Agriculture in southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho known collectively as the Treasure Valley has depended on furrow irrigation using heavy inputs of water and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Crop rotations include onion, corn, wheat, sugar beet, potato, bean, and other crops. By 1986 groundwater had become contaminated with nitrate and residues of the herbicide chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA); an official groundwater management area was established by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality along with an action plan and well monitoring network. The action plan allowed for a trial period to see whether voluntary changes would improve trends. Researchers, producers, and agencies cooperated to develop production options that had the possibility of being both environmentally protective and cost effective. Options were tested to improve irrigation practices, increase N fertilizer use efficiency on several rotation crops, and find a cost effective replacement for DCPA. Research demonstrated the opportunity for increased productivity through both irrigation scheduling and the adoption of drip and sprinkler systems. Fertilizer research demonstrated that smaller, more frequent N applications were more efficient than a single large application. Effective, lower cost herbicides replaced DCPA. Research results were effectively delivered through many means and voluntarily adopted. Both groundwater nitrate and DCPA residues are declining. Productivity has increased.
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Received: 02 November 2011
Accepted:
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| Fund: The development of this paper was aided by previous writing of the Lower Owyhee Watershed Assessment for the Owyhee Watershed Council with financial support from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence Clinton C Shock, Tel: +1-541-8892174, Fax: +1-541-8897831, E-mail: clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu
E-mail: clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu
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Cite this article:
Clinton C Shock, Candace B Shock.
2012.
Research, Extension, and Good Farming Practices Improve Water Quality and Productivity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(1): 14-30.
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Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, Oregon. p. 52. [71]Thompson A L, Love S L, Sowokinos J R, Thornton M K, Shock C C. 2008. Review of the sugar end disorder in potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.). American Journal of Potato Research, 85, 375-386. [72]Trenkel J E, Burton D G, Shock C C. 1996. PAM and/or low rates of straw mulching to reduce soil erosion and increase water infiltration in a furrow-irrigated field, 1995 trial. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report, 964, 167-175. |
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