Water and nutrient management effects on water use and yield of drip irrigated citrus in vertisol under a sub-humid region

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61500-9

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2017, Vol. 16

Issue (05): 1184-1194 DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61500-9

Soil & Fertilization﹒Irrigation﹒Plant Nutrition﹒ Agro-Ecology & Environment

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Water and nutrient management effects on water use and yield of drip irrigated citrus in vertisol under a sub-humid region

P Panigrahi¹, A K Srivastava²

¹ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, India

²ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440010, India

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Abstract Scarcity of water and nutrients in orchards are the major causes of low productivity and decline of citrus in tropics. With a hypothesis that the optimal amount of water and nutrients application through drip irrigation (DI) could save substantial irrigation and fertilizers comparative to that under traditional basin irrigation (BI) with band placement of fertilizer (BPF), this study was conducted in citrus in vertisol of central India. Three DI regimes: I₁,I₂and I₃ scheduled at 50% class-A pan evaporation rate (E_p), 75% E_p, and 100% E_p along with three fertilizer doses: F₁, F₂ and F₃ at 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, N:P₂O₅:K₂O=600 g:200 g:100 g), 75% of RDF and 100% of RDF were applied to mandarin plants respectively. BI with band placement of fertilizer (BPF) at 100% RDF was taken for comparison. All the drip-fertigation treatments (except I₁F₁) produced higher plant growth and fruit yield, with better quality fruits compared with BI+BPF. The highest fruit yield (16.39 t ha^–1), water use efficiency (3.9 kg m^–3) and fertilizer use efficiency (87.3 kg kg^–1) were observed in I₂F₂. The concentrations of N, K and Fe in leaves were significantly higher in I₂F₂ compared to other treatments. The leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration were the highest in I₃F₃. However, leaf water use efficiency (LWUE, photosynthesis/transpiration) was the highest in I₂F₂. The overall results of this study demonstrated that the application of optimum quantity of water and fertilizers (I₂F₂) through DI could be a productive and water efficient option in citrus production in vertisol.

Keywords: drip irrigation fertigation, citrus fruit yield fruit quality economics of production

Received: 27 August 2016 Accepted:

Corresponding Authors: P Panigrahi, E-mail: pravukalyan@rediffmail.com, pra73_nag@yahoo.co.in

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P Panigrahi, A K Srivastava. 2017. Water and nutrient management effects on water use and yield of drip irrigated citrus in vertisol under a sub-humid region. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(05): 1184-1194.

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