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1. 新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物在控制植物细菌性病害中的双重作用:基于ROS介导的抗菌活性和激活植物防御响应
SONG Ying-lian, LIU Hong-wu, YANG Yi-hong, HE Jing-jing, YANG Bin-xin, YANG Lin-li, ZHOU Xiang, LIU Li-wei, WANG Pei-yi, YANG Song
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2759-2771.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.009
摘要205)      PDF    收藏

长期以来天然产物为新型农用化学品的发现提供了重要来源灵感。在众多的天然产物中,18β-甘草次酸具有广谱生物活性,更为新药发现提供了重要的活性骨架。为了拓展18β-甘草次酸的农业用途,制备了一系列新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物并评价抗菌性能。以水稻黄单胞菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、猕猴桃溃疡病菌为测试菌株,采用浊度法测试了目标化合物的离体抗菌活性;采用盆栽实验,评估了目标化合物对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果;采用透射电镜对细菌的表型进行了初步验证;借助活性氧实验验证化合物对病原菌活性氧的干扰效果;结合防御酶实验探究化合物对植物防御酶活性的调控性能。通过抗菌活性实验表明,化合物5k对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xoo)具有较好的离体抑菌活性(EC50 = 3.64 mg L-1)和优异的活体保护活性(54.68%)进一步通过活性氧实验和表型验证,化合物5k能造成病原菌体内活性氧过量产生和积累,并进一步破坏病原菌的细胞膜。更值得注意的是,化合物5k提升包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶在内的植物防御酶的活性。实验结果表明,制备的18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物能通过破坏病原菌的氧化还原平衡并激活植物的防御系统共同发挥其控制植物细菌性病害的潜力。

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2. JIA-2021-1422 大豆短叶柄种质M657的耐密、抗倒伏性鉴定及密度对产量相关表型的影响
GAO Hua-wei, YANG Meng-yuan, YAN Long, HU Xian-zhong, HONG Hui-long, ZHANG Xiang, SUN Ru-jian, WANG Hao-rang, WANG Xiao-bo, LIU Li-ke, ZHANG Shu-zhen, QIU Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 434-446.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.047
摘要257)      PDF    收藏
高密度种植可以提高大豆产量,但通过改良株高及叶柄性状以选育株型紧凑、抗倒伏性优异的高产品种是提高产量的重要途径。2017-2018年,我们比较了黄淮地区四个地点的短叶柄种质M657与三个对照品种产量相关性状、抗倒伏性和叶柄相关表型间的关系。结果表明,M657对高种植密度和倒伏性表现出极高且稳定的耐受性,尤其在最高密度8×105株ha-1下表现依然优异。回归分析表明,较短的叶柄长度与抗倒伏性的增加显著相关。产量分析表明,M657在较高密度下获得了较高的产量,尤其在黄淮北片地区。在与地点、密度相关的倒伏性和产量方面,不同品种对株距、行间距的反应存在显著差异。植株的倒伏性与种植密度、株高、叶柄长度和有效分枝数显著正相关,与茎粗、单株粒数、单株粒重呈显著负相关。在当前大豆品种种植密度的基础上,适当增加种植密度有助于黄淮地区大豆的产量提高。本研究为在高密度种植系统中引入适宜高产的紧凑株型性状、建立黄淮地区大豆高产模式提供了极有价值的新种质资源。
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3. 全基因组关联研究揭示茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础
GUO Ya-fei, LI Dai-li, QIU Hai-ji, ZHANG Xiao-liang, LIU Lin, ZHAO Jing-jing, JIANG De-yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3364-3379.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.002
摘要172)      PDF    收藏

茶是世界上最受欢迎的非酒精饮料之一。游离氨基酸,尤其是茶氨酸,鲜味的主要组成。然而,关于茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础仍不清晰此,基于靶向代谢组学的方法本研究连续两年检测了174份茶树种质嫩叶的游离氨基酸含量,并通过转录组分析获得了这些种质的基因型。基于代谢表型和基因型,通过全基因组关联研究研究影响茶树鲜叶游离氨基酸含量变异的位点。本研究鉴定到69-log10 (P-value) 大于 5位点。功能注释的结果分析显示支链氨基酸转移酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、硝酸盐转运蛋白和谷氨酸脱羧酶可能在氨基酸代谢的过程发挥重要作用。因此,本研究从中选择了两个显著的位点:谷氨酰胺合成酶Glu1P=3.71×10-4Arg1P=4.61×10-5和支链氨基酸转移酶(Val1P=4.67×10-5I_Leu1P=3.56×10-6CsGSCsBCAT进行基因型分析,选择CsGS的两个等位基因CsGS-LCsGS-HCsBCAT的两个等位基因CsBCAT-LCsBCAT-H进行功能验证。CsGS-LCsGS-H过表达提高了转基因植株中谷氨酸和精氨酸含量CsBCAT-LCsBCAT-H过表达促进了缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸的积累。体外酶活性分析发现SNP1054CsGS催化谷氨酸生成谷氨酰胺的酶活性具有重要影响。此外,CsGS-LCsGS-H差异调控谷氨酰胺积累,CsBCAT-LCsBCAT-H差异调控支链氨基酸积累。综上所述,本研究结果将为茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础解析提供新的认识,并为鉴定优质基因以提高茶树氨基酸含量提供理论依据。

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4. JIA-2021-1708 PLCD1可能调控鸡肉中亚油酸和挥发性物质的含量
LIU Xiao-jing, WANG Yong-li, LIU Li, LIU Lu, ZHAO Gui-ping, WEN Jie, JIA Ya-xiong, CUI Huan-xian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 222-234.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.063
摘要217)      PDF    收藏

ω-3(亚麻酸、二十二碳烯酸、二十碳五烯酸)和ω-6(亚油酸、花生四烯酸)多不饱和脂肪酸对人体健康和正常生理功能至关重要。我们鸡肉中亚油酸的含量进行了全基因组关联分析 (Genome-wide association study, GWAS)本研究共鉴定到19个重要SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs),注释到绒毛蛋白样蛋白 (villin like, VILL)磷脂酶C delta 1 (phospholipase C delta 1, PLCD1) 氧化应激反应1 (oxidative stress responsive 1, OXSR1) 基因,这些SNPs形成了一个高度连锁的单倍型区间解释了亚油酸含量4.5%表型变异。本研究发现,PLCD1基因表达与亚油酸含量呈负相关,即亚油酸含量低的鸡基因表达量高于含量高的鸡通路富集分析结果表明PLCD1富集到代谢等通路。同时本研究发现亚油酸含量与挥发性物质(如辛醛等)相关,但与鸡肉中的肌内脂肪和甘油三酯无关。结果表明,PLCD1中存在调节亚油酸含量的关键SNP,它对脂肪沉积没有显著影响,但可能会影响挥发性物质的含量。

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5. 籼/粳杂交水稻产量、氮肥利用效率与生理表现对施氮量的响应
ZHOU Qun, YUAN Rui, ZHANG Wei-yang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 63-79.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.076
摘要471)      PDF    收藏

利用籼/交稻(IJHR)杂种优势是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径。合理施用氮肥对于充分发挥IJHR杂种优势,实现其巨大产量潜力重要作用。但是,IJHR产量和氮肥利用率对施氮量的响应及其生理机制仍然不清楚。本研究旨在阐明这一问题。于2018-2019年,选用目前生产上应用3个水稻品种IJHR品种甬优2640、粳稻品种连粳7号和籼稻品种扬稻6,大田种植设置6种施氮量(0100200300400500 kg hm-2处理。结果表明,各供试品种的产量随着施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,甬优2640产量施氮量为400 kg hm-2时最高,为13.4 t hm-2连粳7号和扬稻6产量在施氮量为300 kg hm-2时最高分别9.4 t hm-2和10.6 t hm-2。在相同尤其是在较高的施氮量下,甬优2640产量和利用效率均高于连粳7号和扬稻6号。与连粳7号或扬稻6号相比,甬优2640具有较好的生理性状如较高的根系氧化和叶片光合速率,根和叶中高的细胞分裂素含量,灌浆期茎中同化物较多地向籽粒转运。以上结果说明,无论是低施氮量还是高施氮量IJHR均能较常规水稻获得较高的产量和氮利用效率。IJHR较好的地上部和根系性状获得较高产量和氮利用效率的重要原因IJHR植株中较高的细胞分裂素含量响应施氮量起着至关重要的作用,并于其他生理过程。

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6. JIA-2020-2489 大豆紧凑株型突变体M657的叶柄表型鉴定及短叶柄新品系培育
GAO Hua-wei, SUN Ru-jian, YANG Meng-yuan, YAN Long, HU Xian-zhong, FU Guang-hui, HONG Hui-long, GUO Bing-fu, ZHANG Xiang, LIU Li-ke, ZHANG Shu-zhen, QIU Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2508-2520.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.004
摘要307)      PDF    收藏

本研究建立了叶柄长度检测方法,并对EMS诱变冀黄13获得的高光效新种质M657为材料,于2017-2018年度在北方、黄淮、南方共7个地点进行表型鉴定。与冀黄13相比,M657在北方春、黄淮海夏及南方夏种植时矮化、叶柄短表型稳定,M657株高与叶柄长度显著降低,有效分枝数增加,生育期延长2-7 d,单株粒重、百粒重下降;4个短叶柄新品系的选育为大豆株型改良提供了重要的亲本种质,同时证明了利用矮杆短叶柄新种质M657理想株型为耐密、高产大豆新品种的培育的可行性


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7. 高水分挤压植物基肉制品:从原料到产品的加工过程数字可视化研究
ZHANG Jin-chuang, MENG Zhen, CHENG Qiong-ling, LI Qi-zhai, ZHANG Yu-jie, LIU Li, SHI Ai-min, WANG Qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2435-2444.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63892-3
摘要190)      PDF    收藏

究首先通过高水分挤压工艺和装备创新,成功制备了与动物肉质地相当的新型植物基肉制品产品。进一步,采集加工过程中75组不同原料特性(X)和工艺参数(W)条件下,蛋白质多尺度结构变化(Y)、系统响应参数(S)和产品品质(Z)等数据共8000余条,采用分层增广主成分分析方法(FA-PCA),建立高水分挤压过程纤维结构品质控制模型6套。结果表明,FA-PCA建模方法的R2优于传统主成分分析法(PCA),可实现蛋白质纤维结构的有效调控。相比原料和工艺参数,通过高水分挤压过程中蛋白质梯次性多尺度结构变化预测产品品质效果最佳,证明了蛋白质多尺度结构对于纤维结构控制的重要性。此外,将数学模型与虚拟仿真技术结合,创建了涵盖数据库系统、动态仿真系统和虚拟现实系统等的高水分挤压可视化软件,将错综复杂的挤压过程进行了数字化关联,为实现精准调控和智能制造建立奠定了基础


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8. JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理
ZHOU Tian-yang, LI Zhi-kang, LI En-peng, WANG Wei-lu, YUAN Li-min, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, GU Jun-fei, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1576-1592.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63678-X
摘要268)      PDF    收藏

本研究通过两年大田试验,以两个高产超级稻品种为试验材料,设置了不施用氮肥、高氮肥投入的当地农民习惯栽培方式、优化氮肥管理措施1和优化氮肥管理措施2共计四种氮肥管理方式。试验结果表明通过控制氮肥投入总量、增加种植密度和优化氮肥追施比例等措施,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的提高。与当地农民习惯相比,优化氮肥管理分别提高了产量和氮肥偏生产力1.70%和13.06%,提高了籽粒淀粉和直链淀粉含量,显著降低了蛋白质含量。在优化氮肥管理下,支链淀粉短支链A链(DP6-12)和B1链(DP13-25)含量显著增加,淀粉结晶度显著下降,同时淀粉的粘度值增加,淀粉的热力学特性变优,从而提高了稻米的蒸煮与食味品质。以上研究结果表明优化氮肥管理可以缓解高产水平条件下因大量氮肥投入而引起的稻米品质变劣,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的协同提高的目标,对水稻的高产优质生产具有实践和指导意义


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9. Emergence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
LIU Li-ling, YANG Huan-liang, GUO Fu-sheng, WANG Xiu-rong, DENG Guo-hua, SHI Jian-zhong, TIAN Guo-bin, ZENG Xian-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1534-1538.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63829-7
摘要154)      PDF    收藏
在过去的几十年,国内外研究人员对动物和人感染高致病性禽流感进行了全球范围的广泛监测,然而有关北朝鲜的禽流感流行病学研究数据却很少。在2013和2014年,在北朝鲜的家禽中多次暴发高致病性禽流感,我们分离到H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒,进化分析显示分离到的2株病毒的HA基因高度同源,均属于2.3.2.1c分支,我们分析认为引起2014年鸡场禽流感暴发的病毒可能是由2013年Tudan鸭场病毒经迁徙野鸟引入。本实验的数据提供了禽流感病毒可以由野鸟-水禽-陆禽进行传播的直接证据。因此,我们必需加强水禽禽流感的监测和控制,这对预防和控制高致病性禽流感至关重要。


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10. 通过E1及其同源基因共沉默创制超早熟大豆新材料
LIU Li-feng, GAO Le, ZHANG Li-xin, CAI Yu-peng, SONG Wen-wen, CHEN Li, YUAN Shan, WU Ting-ting, JIANG Bing-jun, SUN Shi, WU Cun-xiang, HOU Wen-sheng, HAN Tian-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 326-335.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63391-3
摘要229)      PDF    收藏

大豆是典型的短日照作物,对光周期敏感性决定大豆品种的适宜种植区域。在光周期调控的大豆开花途径中,开花抑制因子E1起主导作用。E1LaE1LbE1的同源基因,功能与E1类似。本研究利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术在大豆品种自贡冬豆中同时沉默E1E1La/b基因。结果显示,与受体品种自贡冬豆相比,RNAi株系开花期和成熟期大幅度提前,光周期敏感性明显下降。在RNAi超早熟株系中,开花抑制基因GmFT4的表达水平显著下降,开花促进基因GmFT2a/GmFT5a的表达水平明显上升。生育期组鉴定结果显示,自贡冬豆的生育期组属于MG VIII为极晚熟品种,RNAi株系的生育期组为MG 000属超早熟新种质,可在中国最北部(53.5°N)的漠河市北极村种植。本研究验证E1E1La/b大豆开花期和成熟期的负调控作用创制出超早熟大豆新材料,为显著钝化大豆品种的光周期敏感性,大幅度缩短生育期,实现南方大豆种质资源在北方大豆主产区的有效利用,拓宽寒地区大豆的遗传基础提供了新的途径。

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11. JIA-2021-1973 小菜蛾绒毛膜基因chorions鉴定及RNA干扰介导的chorion-1功能分析
DONG Shi-jie, LIU Bo, ZOU Ming-min, LIU Li-li, CAO Min-hui, HUANG Meng-qi, LIU Yan, Liette VASSEUR, YOU Min-sheng, PENG Lu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3278-3292.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.079
摘要245)      PDF    收藏

绒毛膜形成期是昆虫卵子发生的最后阶段,在这一阶段,滤泡细胞通过合成分泌绒毛膜蛋白,转移至发育的卵母细胞表面沉积形成卵壳,为胚胎发育提供保护屏障。目前对绒毛膜基因家族的研究大多集中在模式昆虫,如家蚕和果蝇在世界性害虫小菜蛾中仍缺少对绒毛膜基因家族的系统鉴定以及其功能分析因此明确绒毛膜基因家族在小菜蛾基因组上的分布情况及其转录特征,解析绒毛膜基因在小菜蛾卵子发生过程,以及胚胎发育过程中的重要作用,可为小菜蛾的遗传调控提供潜在分子靶标。本研究分析鉴定了小菜蛾绒毛膜基因的数量及染色体定位、分子特征、进化关系及其启动子区的序列特性,基于转录组数据以及qPCR实验,分析了绒毛膜基因在不同龄期和不同组织的表达模式,并基于RNAi揭示了PxCho-1生殖功能。在小菜蛾中一共鉴定得到15个绒毛膜基因,分为AB两大类。不同类型绒毛膜基因以成对的方式分布在染色体上。部分绒毛膜基因对,共享一个双向启动子调控区。系统发育分析表明,AB两类绒毛膜基因具有高度的保守性,并且在对应类别中小菜蛾绒毛膜基因均具有物种特异性。不同龄期与组织的表达谱与qPCR分析均显示,绒毛膜基因主要在小菜蛾雌成虫中显著高表达,并且在卵黄完全沉积的卵巢内显著高表达,说明绒毛膜基因在小菜蛾雌成虫的生殖发育中具有重要作用,且主要作用于卵子发生后期。抑制PxCho-1基因转录虽然对卵黄沉积没有影响,但会导致卵子变小,孵化率急剧下降,同时导致卵子内卵壳柱状层的排列松弛以及外卵壳绒毛变短。本研究为探索小菜蛾雌性生殖调控机制奠定了理论基础,有利于筛选潜在的小菜蛾遗传防控分子靶标。

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12. 化学打顶对中国黄河流域棉区棉花发育、产量及品质的影响
ZHU Ling-xiao, LIU Lian-tao, SUN Hong-chun, ZHANG Yong-jiang, ZHANG Ke, BAI Zhi-ying, LI An-chang, DONG He-zhong, LI Cun-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 78-90.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63559-6
摘要350)      PDF    收藏

打顶是棉花栽培广泛应用的农艺措施由于其无限生长的习性。在不同的打顶方法中,人工打顶似然费时费力,但在黄河流域应用较为普遍。本研究旨在研究不同打顶处理对棉花发育、产量和品质的影响。本研究为两年(2015-2016)大田实验,设置三种打顶方式:人工打顶(MT),化学打顶(CT)(缩节铵),不打顶(NT)处理。我们发现CT处理的株高、果枝数及上部果枝长度要显著低于NT处理。CT处理的叶绿素含量与NT处理相比无显著差异,在生育后期要高于MT处理。CT处理通过降低赤霉素和脱落酸含量来促进棉株发育,并且抑制了主茎的顶端发育。和MT处理相比,CT处理显著增加了营养器官的生物量。最重要的是,CTMT处理间的产量和品质并无显著差异。上述结果表明,化学打顶是一种简便、有效的打顶方法,可在我国黄河流域代替人工打顶。

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13. Biological and molecular characterization of tomato brown rugose fruit virus and development of quadruplex RT-PCR detection
YAN Zhi-yong, ZHAO Mei-sheng, MA Hua-yu, LIU Ling-zhi, YANG Guang-ling, GENG Chao, TIAN Yan-ping, LI Xiang-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1871-1879.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63275-0
摘要192)      PDF    收藏

番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)是2015年首次报道的一种烟草花叶病毒属病毒,是番茄安全生产的严重威胁。该病毒已经传播到美洲、亚洲和欧洲的十个国家。2019年,ToBRFV在中国山东发生。本论文旨在明确ToBRFV山东分离物(ToBRFV-SD)的症状、寄主范围和分子特性,并建立一种有效的检测方法。田间调查ToBRFV-SD在不同品种的症状表现。将ToBRFV-SD接种辣椒、本氏烟、马铃薯、茄子、中烟102和50个番茄品种,鉴定其寄主范围。分段克隆ToBRFV-SD基因组片段,并测定其序列;利用BioEdit version 7.2.6比对ToBRFV所有分离物的全基因组序列,分析序列一致率;利用MEGA version 10.1.5构建系统发育树。根据ToBRFV、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)和番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)等四种番茄重要病毒基因组的保守区域设计特异性引物,建立四重RT-PCR检测体系。ToBRFV-SD在番茄叶片引起不同程度的花叶和疱斑,在花萼和花梗上引起坏死,在番茄果实上引起畸形、黄斑和褐色皱缩坏死斑。ToBRFV-SD可侵染番茄、辣椒和本氏烟,隐症侵染马铃薯、茄子和烟草品种中烟102。测试的50个番茄品种均不抗ToBRFV-SD。ToBRFV-SD和以色列分离物ToBRFV-IL基因组的核苷酸和氨基酸一致率最高。在基于全基因组序列的系统进化树中,所有ToBRFV分离物聚集到一个分枝,与烟草花叶病毒分枝距离较近。随后,我们建立了四重RT-PCR检测体系,能够通过一个RT-PCR反应,同时检测并区分ToBRFV、TMV、ToMV和TSWV。本研究明确了ToBRFV-SD的症状、寄主范围和分子特性,建立了能区分ToBRFV、TMV、ToMV和TSWV四重RT-PCR检测体系,对指导ToBRFV的早期检测和防控有积极作用。


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14. Identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes controlling seed pigments of rapeseed
ZHU Mei-chen, HU Ran, ZHAO Hui-yan, TANG Yun-shan, SHI Xiang-tian, JIANG Hai-yan, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, FU Fu-you, XU Xin-fu, TANG Zhang-lin, LIU Lie-zhao, LU Kun, LI Jia-na, QU Cun-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 2862-2879.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63377-9
摘要162)      PDF    收藏

甘蓝型油菜是食用植物油和饲用蛋白的重要来源,然而种子中色素严重影响菜籽油的品质和饼粕的饲用价值。本研究以甘蓝型油菜黄籽母本GH06和黑籽父本中油821构建的重组自交系群体为研究对象,对不同环境下种子(种胚和种皮)色素组份进行QTL定位分析和候选基因的鉴定。结果共检测到94个影响种皮和种胚色素组份含量的QTL位点,44个在种胚中被检测到,50个在种皮中被检测到,分别位于甘蓝型油菜15条不同染色体上。其中包括28个花色素含量相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释2.41-44.46%的表型变异;24个类黄酮含量相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释2.41-20.26%的表型变异;16个总酚含量相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释2.74–23.68%的表型变异;26个黑色素含量相关的QTL,单个QTL可解释表型变异的2.37–24.82%,说明这些性状是由多基因控制的数量性状。同时,在A06,A09和C08染色体上存在多个QTL集中分布的现象,分别包含15个、19个和10个色素相关的QTL,且大多数QTL解释的表型变异>10%被认为是主效QTL。根据甘蓝型油菜“Darmor-bzh”参考基因组注释信息,在被重复检测到的QTL区间内筛选到67个候选基因,通过RNA-seq和qRT-PCR分析结果推断12个差异表达基因可能是参与种子色素合成相关的重要候选基因。本研究结果为甘蓝型油菜种子色素合成遗传机理提供了新的认识并为深入解析甘蓝型油菜粒色形成的分子机制奠定了基础。


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15. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of MYB transcription factor genes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Everlyne M’mbone MULEKE, WANG Yan, ZHANG Wan-ting, XU Liang, YING Jia-li, Bernard K. KARANJA, ZHU Xian-wen, FAN Lian-xue, Zarwali AHMADZAI, LIU Li-wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 120-131.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63308-1
摘要200)      PDF    收藏

萝卜是一种重要的十字花科根菜类蔬菜作物,在其有色的根中有高水平的花青素累积。MYB转录因子(TFs)在植物发育和花青素代谢中起着重要作用,并且PAP1/2能促进花青素生物合成基因的表达。本研究在萝卜基因组中共鉴定出187个RsMYB基因,并将其分为32个亚家族;其中159个RsMYB基因被定位在9条染色体上。在4个不同颜色的萝卜品种肉质根发育阶段,14个RsMYB基因表现出差异的表达模式。一些RsMYB基因在成熟期有色根组织中高表达,这些基因包括RsMYB41,RsMYB117以及与PAP1/2同源的RsMYB132在‘NAU-YH’的红色根皮中高表达,RsMYB65RsMYB159基因在‘NAU-YZH’的紫色根皮中高表达,表明这些RsMYB基因可能促进萝卜肉质根花青素积累。研究结果为进一步研究萝卜RsMYB因功能特性提供有价值的信息,并有助于阐明萝卜花青素生成的分子机制


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16. Expression, regulation and binding affinity of fatty acid-binding protein 2 in Spodoptera litura
WEN Liang, GAO Gui-ping, HUANG Zhi-qiang, ZHENG Si-chun, FENG Qi-li, LIU Lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1492-1500.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63167-7
摘要129)      PDF    收藏
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of lipid chaperones, which contribute to systemic metabolic regulation through diverse lipid signalings.  In this study, a midgut-specific FABP gene (Slfabp2) was cloned from Spodoptera litura.  RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that RNA and protein levels of SlFABP2 gradually increased and reached a peak at the prepupal stage and maintained a high level during the pupal stage.  The expression of SlFABP2 protein was induced by starvation treatment.  In vitro binding assay revealed that the recombinant SlFABP2 had high affinities of binding long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, arachidonate and oleic acid.  The results suggest that SlFABP2 may have a unique function that transports intracellular fatty acids and can regulate the metabolism of lipids in metamorphosis.  This work provides experimental clues for understanding the potential function of SlFABP2 in fatty acid metabolism in S. litura.
 
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17.
Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil
WANG Qi-qi, LIU Ling-ling, LI Yu, QIN Song, WANG Chuan-jie, CAI An-dong, WU Lei, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1354-1362.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62866-2
摘要120)      PDF    收藏
Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling.  Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes.  However, less is known about the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere.  Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies.  Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere (NR) and rhizosphere (R).  Six treatments were included: no fertilizer (CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N), N with potassium (NK), phosphorus with K (PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure (MNPK).  The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization (N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G–bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR (by 33 and 23%) and R (by 15 and 20%), respectively.  In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments (N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G+/G–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R.  Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively.  However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH (31%).  We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem.  Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization.
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18.
Lactate dehydrogenase: An important molecule involved in acetamizuril action against Eimeria tenella
LIU Li-li, FEI Chen-zhong, DONG Hui, ZHANG Ke-yu, Fu Jian-jun, LI Tao, XUE Fei-qun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1332-1339.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62845-5
摘要117)      PDF    收藏
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a vital enzyme in anaerobic glycolysis, is closely associated with the survival of parasites.  Previous studies of some parasites have shown that LDH exhibits unique physicochemical properties and molecular structures and may be an ideal potential target for diagnosis and drug screening.  In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of acetamizuril, a novel anticoccidial compound, on LDH in the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella (mz-LDH).  Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and enzyme activity assays were each applied to detect the changes of mz-LDH.  Our results indicated that the mRNA and protein levels of mz-LDH were reduced upon acetamizuril treatment.  Immunolocalization of mz-LDH demonstrated that considerable amount of mz-LDH was distributed around or in the nuclei of second-generation merozoites within the untreated group; in contrast, the acetamizuril-treated group had very low level of mz-LDH.  Meanwhile, LDH enzyme activity assay suggested that a decreased LDH enzyme activity in both cytoplasm and nucleus of merozoites in the acetamizuril-treated group.  Moreover, the induced apoptosis in second-generation merozoites by the acetamizuril was evaluated by detecting caspase 3 activity, and acetamizuril was found to significantly increase caspase 3 activity.  The above findings show that LDH may play an important role in the mediating the activity of acetamizuril against coccidiosis, and further investigation into this aspect might contribute to new light on the pathogenesis of E. tenella during its interaction with acetamizuril.
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19.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of asparagine synthetase family in apple
YUAN Xi-sen, YU Zi-peng, LIU Lin, XU Yang, ZHANG Lei, HAN De-guo, ZHANG Shi-zhong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1261-1273.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63171-9
摘要106)      PDF    收藏
Asparagine is an efficient nitrogen transport and storage carrier.  Asparagine synthesis occurs by the amination of aspartate which is catalyzed by asparagine synthetase (ASN) in plants.  Complete genome-wide analysis and classifications of the ASN gene family have recently been reported in different plants.  However, systematic analysis and expression profiles of these genes have not been performed in apple (Malus domestica).  Here, a comprehensive bioinformatics approach was applied to identify MdASNs in apple.  Then, plant phylogenetic tree, chromosome location, conserved protein motif, gene structure, and expression pattern of MdASNs were analyzed.  Five members were identified and distributed on 4 chromosomes with conserved GATase-7 and ASN domains.  Expression analysis indicated that all MdASNs mRNA accumulated at the highest level in reproductive organs, namely flowers or fruits, which may be associated with the redistribution of free amino acids in plant metabolic organs and reservoirs.  Additionally, most of MdASNs were dramatically up-regulated under various nitrogen supplies, especially in the aboveground part.  Taken together, MdASNs may be assigned to be responsible for the nitrogen metabolism and asparagine synthesis in apple.
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20.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Brassica juncea
ZHANG Da-wei, LIU Li-li, ZHOU Ding-gang, LIU Xian-jun, LIU Zhong-song, YAN Ming-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1250-1260.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63172-0
摘要132)      PDF    收藏
Anthocyanins confer the wide range of colors for plants and also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against heart disease and cancer.  Brassica juncea is cultivated as an edible oil resource and vegetable crop worldwide, thus elucidating the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway would be helpful to improve the nutritional quality of Brassica juncea through the breeding and cultivating of high anthocyanin content varieties.  Herein, 129 genes in B. juncea were identified as orthologs of 41 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana by comparative genomic analyses.  The B. juncea ABGs have expanded by whole genome triplication and subsequent allopolyploidizatoin, but lost mainly during the whole genome triplication between B. rapa/B. nigra and A. thaliana, rather than the allopolyploidization process between B. juncea and B. rapa/B. nigra, leading to different copy numbers retention of A. thaliana homologous genes.  Although the overall expansion levels ABGs were similar to the whole genome, more negative regulatory genes were retained in the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory system.  Transcriptional analysis of B. juncea with different anthocyanin accumulation showed that BjDFR, BjTT19, BjTT8 are significantly up-regulated in plants with purple leaves as compared with green leaves.  The overexpression of BjTT8 and these target genes which were involved in late anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport might account for increasing levels of anthocyanin accumulation in purple leaves.  Our results could promote the understanding of the genetic mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in B. juncea.
 
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21. OsHemA gene, encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa)
ZENG Zhao-qiong, LIN Tian-zi, ZHAO Jie-yu, ZHENG Tian-hui, XU Le-feng, WANG Yi-hua, LIU Ling-long, JIANG Ling, CHEN Sai-hua, WAN Jian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 612-623.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62710-3
摘要142)      PDF    收藏
Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.  Glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde (GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.  Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown.  Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1.  With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids (Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type.  By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene.  Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype.  OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1.  Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.  A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway.  Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1.  Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.
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22. Changes in starch quality of mid-season indica rice varieties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in last 80 years
ZHANG Hao, JING Wen-jiang, XU Jing-ju, MA Bing-ju, WANG Wei-lu, ZHANG Wei-yang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2983-2996.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63431-1
摘要119)      PDF    收藏
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality depends mainly on the characteristics of starch stored in kernels.  Understanding the changes in starch characteristics in kernels during variety improvement would have great significance to improve rice quality.  This study was designed to investigate the starch characteristics in the kernels and associated physiological traits of indica rice varieties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China in last 80 years.  Eight representative mid-season indica rice varieties were grown in the field.  The results showed that the grain yield was significantly increased with the improvement of varieties and such an increase was mainly attributed to the increase in total number of spikelets.  The tall varieties applied in the 1940s–1950s had higher protein content, relative crystallinity and infrared (IR) ratio of 1 045/1 022 cm–1.  The semi-dwarf varieties applied in the 1980s–1990s had higher gel consistency, amylopectin content, IR ratio of 1 022/995 cm–1, and breakdown value.  With the improvement of varieties, the amylose content, large-sized starch granule number and volume distribution, onset and peak of gelatinization temperature, gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpy, setback value, pasting temperature, viscosity of peak, hot and final, and 1-aminocycopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations in panicles and root bleeding were gradually decreased, whereas the medium-sized starch granule number and volume distribution, activities of key enzymes in grains, and zeatin (Z)+zeatin riboside (ZR) contents in panicles and root bleeding at grain filling stage were gradually increased.  Correlation analysis showed that starch thermodynamic characteristics were closely related to starch structure and components, key enzymes and hormones.  The results suggest that starch quality was enhanced through the optimization of starch components, structure, thermodynamics, and the regulation of key enzymes in grains and hormones in panicles and root bleedings at grain filling stage during the improvement of mid-season indica rice.
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23. Identification of main effect and epistatic QTLs controlling initial flowering date in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
WANG Liang, YANG Xin-lei, CUI Shun-li, WANG Ji-hong, HOU Ming-yu, MU Guo-jun, LI Zi-chao, LIU Li-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2383-2393.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63211-7
摘要109)      PDF    收藏
Initial flowering date (IFD) is closely related to mature period of peanut pods.  In present study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross between Silihong (female parent) and Jinonghei 3 (male parent) was used to map QTLs associated with IFD.  The RIL population and its two parental cultivars were planted in two locations of Hebei Province, China from 2015 to 2018 (eight environments).  Based on a high-density genetic linkage map (including 2 996 SNP and 330 SSR markers) previously constructed in our laboratory, QTLs were analyzed using phenotypic data and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) value of initial flowering date by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method.  Interaction effects between every two QTLs and between individual QTL and environment were also analyzed.  In cultivated peanut, IFD was affected by genotypic factor and environments simultaneously, and its broad sense heritability (h2) was estimated as 86.8%.  Using the IFD phenotypic data from the eight environments, a total of 19 QTLs for IFD were detected, and the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by each QTL ranged from 1.15 to 21.82%.  Especially, five of them were also detected by the BLUP value of IFD.  In addition, 12 additive QTLs and 35 pairs of epistatic QTLs (62 loci involved) were identified by the joint analysis of IFD across eight environments.  Three QTLs (qIFDB04.1, qIFDB07.1 and qIFDB08.1) located on chromosome B04, B07 and B08 were identified as main-effect QTL for IFD, which had the most potential to be used in peanut breeding.  This study would be helpful for the early-maturity and adaptability breeding in cultivated peanut.
 
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24. Mapping subgenomic promoter of coat protein gene of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
LIU Mei, LIU Li-ming, WU Hui-jie, KANG Bao-shan, GU Qin-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 153-163.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62647-X
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
Many plant viruses utilize subgenomic RNA as gene expression strategy, therefore mapping subgenomic promoter (SGP) is extremely important for constructing viral vectors.  Although Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-based virus vectors have been constructed, SGP of the coat protein (CP) has not yet mapped.  To this end, we firstly presumed 13 nucleotides upstream of the start codon as the transcription starting site (TSS) as previous study identified by random amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).  Secondly, the region from nucleotides –110 to +175 is the putative CP SGP, as predicted, a long stem loop structure by the secondary structure of RNA covering movement protein (MP) and CP.  To map the CGMMV CP SGP, we further constructed a series of deletion mutants according to RNA secondary structure prediction.  The deletion of TSS upstream significantly enhanced CP transcription when 105 nucleotides were retained before the CP TSS.  For the downstream of CP TSS, we analyzed the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in a series of vectors with partial deletion of the CGMMV CP and found that the nucleotides from +71 to +91 played a key role in the EGFP expression at the transcription level, while EGFP showed the highest expression level when 160 nucleotides were retained downstream of the CP TSS.  To confirm these results, we applied online software MEME to predict the motifs and cis-acting elements in the 466 nucleotides covering the sequences of deletion analysis.  Conserved motifs and relative acting elements were in regions in which transcription levels were the highest or enhanced.  To our best knowledge, this is the first mapping of CGMMV SGP.
 
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25. Crop diversity and pest management in sustainable agriculture
HE Han-ming, LIU Li-na, Shahzad Munir, Nawaz Haider Bashir, WANG Yi, YANG Jing, LI Cheng-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (9): 1945-1952.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62689-4
摘要195)      PDF    收藏
Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.  Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens, and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.  These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping, relay, and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.  This review introduces the concept of crop diversity, considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity, and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.  Recently, the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.  Further, understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.  Recent advances in the agricultural systems include: (i) a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes; (ii) ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions; and (iii) the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.  We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.
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26. Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice
ZHANG Hao, HOU Dan-ping, PENG Xian-long, MA Bing-ju, SHAO Shi-mei, JING Wen-jiang, GU Jun-fei, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, LIU Yuan-ying, YANG Jian-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (12): 2716-2731.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62836-4
摘要202)      PDF    收藏
A major challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to cope with increasing grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising grain quality.  This study was designed to determine if optimizing integrative cultivation management in rice could improve grain quality while increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).  An indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar and a japonica rice cultivar were grown in the field, with five cultivation managements including no N application (0 N), local farmer’s practice (LFP), and three optimizing integrative cultivation managements, reducing N rate and increasing plant density (ND), ND+alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (NDW), and NDW+applying rapeseed cake fertilizer (NDWR).  The results showed that the optimizing integrative cultivation managements could not only increase grain yield, but also enhance NUE compared to LFP.  Compared to LFP, NDWR significantly increased brown, milled, head milled rice rate, ratio of the kernel length to breadth and breakdown value of starch, whereas decreased amylose content, gel consistency, prolamin content, setback value, percentage of chalky kernels, and chalkiness.  The three optimizing integrative cultivation managements increased contents of total proteins, albumin and glutelin, activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch conversion in grains, root oxidation activity, and malic and succinic acid concentrations in root exudates during the grain-filling period.  The results suggested that optimizing integrative cultivation managements could improve grain quality meanwhile increase grain yield and NUE by enhancing physiological activities of rice plants.
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27. Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability
GONG A-na, SHI Ai-min, LIU Hong-zhi, YU Hong-wei, LIU Li, LIN Wei-jing, WANG Qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (05): 1003-1010.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61919-7
摘要671)      PDF    收藏
This study examined the effect of peanut quality on the storage stability of peanut butter.  The quality of 17 varieties of peanuts was analyzed, and each was used to prepare peanut butter.  For different storage temperatures and durations, stability of the peanut butter was measured according to three indicators: peroxide value, acid value, and centrifugal rate.  The correlation between peanut components and peanut butter storage stability was also investigated.  The results indicated significant differences in fatty acid composition between different varieties of peanut.  Peanut butter prepared with high oleic peanuts (Kainong 17-15) had a significantly longer shelf life than that of other varieties.  The significant correlation between the stability of peanut butter and peanut quality suggests that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main influencing factors on stability.  This study finds that the high oleic peanuts (HOP) is the most suitable variety for making peanut butter, which can allow farmers and processors to choose the specific variety for better product and shelf life. 
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28. Review on the processing characteristics of cereals and oilseeds and their processing suitability evaluation technology
WANG Qiang, LIU Hong-zhi, SHI Ai-min, HU Hui, LIU Li, WANG Li, YU Hong-wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (12): 2886-2897.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61799-4
摘要709)      PDF(pc) (1108KB)(96)    收藏
Cereals and oilseeds are the foundation of human survival which have attracted much attention due to their nutritional and functional properties for maintaining the healthy life.  There are abundant varieties of cereals and oilseeds, however, for a long time, their process suitabilities are still unknown, resulting in the lack of precision processing.  This paper summarized the characteristics of cereals and oilseeds, including sensory, physicochemical and processing qualities, their characteristic fingerprinting and products qualities.  Furthermore, the quality fast detection method was also analyzed.  It also explored the role of mathematical model and the standard evaluation index to determine the process suitability and discussed the opportunity for advanced model capability.  We also prospected on scientific problems for expanding the predictive capabilities for processing suitabilities of these abundant varieties, focusing on the better results and advancements towards the processing of cereals and oilseeds products and improvement of their quality.  
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29. Effects of molybdenum on nutrition, quality, and flavour compounds of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Akihime) fruit
LIU Li, XIAO Wei, JI Mei-ling, YANG Chao, LI Ling, GAO Dong-sheng, FU Xi-ling
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (07): 1502-1512.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61518-6
摘要887)      PDF    收藏
    Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element in plant nutrition and physiology. It affects photosynthesis and photosynthate accumulation, therefore also affecting fruit quality and nutritional content. This study assessed the effects of different sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) concentrations on strawberry. Five different Mo concentrations were applied in this experiment, including 0, 67.5, 135, 168.75, 202.5 g ha–1, respectively. The mineral concentration, including nitrogen (N), Mo, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) was assessed in strawberry fruit, as well as chlorophyll content, nutrition quality, taste and aroma. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content for the strawberry plants increased with an increase in Mo concentration; and the contents of N, Mo, Fe, Cu, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), sweetness, some sugars, organic acids, and some volatile compounds in the fruit all increased, as well. However, the Mo concentration did not significantly affect the concentrations of Se, sucrose, lactic acid, acetic acid, and some aroma compounds. Fruit sprayed with 135 g ha–1 Mo exhibited the highest TSS and sweetness values, as well as the highest N and Fe concentrations among all the treatments. Pn value and chlorophyll content, fructose, glucose, sorbitol and total sugar contents in fruit supplied with 135 g ha–1 Mo were also higher than that in other treatments. Fruit sprayed with a Mo concentration of 67.5 g ha–1 exhibited significantly higher ascorbic acid (AsA) values than that of control. Ninety-seven volatile compounds were identified in fruit extracted by head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fruits sprayed with 135 g ha–1 Mo had the highest concentrations of six characteristic aroma compounds, including methyl butanoate, γ-decalactone, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, γ-dodecalactone, and ethyl caproate.
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30. Grain yield and water use efficiency of super rice under soil water deficit and alternate wetting and drying irrigation
ZHOU Qun, JU Cheng-xin, WANG Zhi-qin, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-jun, YANG Jian-chang, ZHANG Jian-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (05): 1028-1043.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61506-X
摘要941)      PDF    收藏
This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency (WUE) under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation than check rice.  Two super rice cultivars and two elite check rice cultivars were grown in pots with three soil moisture levels, well watered (WW), moderate water deficit (MWD) and severe water deficit (SWD).  Two cultivars, each for super rice and check rice, were grown in field with three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD), alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD) and conventional irrigation (CI).  Compared with that under WW, grain yield was significantly decreased under MWD and SWD treatments, with less reduction for super rice than for check rice.  Super rice had higher percentage of productive tillers, deeper root distribution, higher root oxidation activity, and greater aboveground biomass production at mid and late growth stages than check rice, especially under WMD and WSD.  Compared with CI, AWMD increased, whereas AWSD decreased grain yield, with more increase or less decrease for super rice than for check rice.  Both MWD and SWD treatments and either AWMD or AWSD regime significantly increased WUE compared with WW treatment or CI regime, with more increase for super rice than for check rice.  The results suggest that super rice has a stronger ability to cope with soil water deficit and holds greater promising to increase both grain yield and WUE by adoption of moderate AWD irrigation.
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