Scientia Agricultura Sinica

New Plant Type Breeding for Super-high Yielding Northern Japonica Rice

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1407-1413 .

Abstract ( 1131 )

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Based on the research achievements for over 40 years obtained by Rice Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, the authors comprehensively analyzed the theory and practice for super high yield breeding of northern japonica rice in terms of crossing between indica and japonica, creation of new plant type and development of new varieties. Physiological and genetic problems in super high yielding rice were discussed. Breeding of super high yielding new plant type of rice is a key for realizing the third breakthrough at rice yield.

Limiting Factors of Wheat Quality Improvement in Southwest China

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1414-1421 .

Abstract ( 1417 )

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46 wheat advanced lines and newly released cultivars from Sichuan region in the winter wheat zone of Southwest China were evaluated for their HMW glutenin subunits composition by SDS-PAGE and protein fractions, protein content, wet gluten, sedimentation value, stability time and Falling number were analyzed. The result showed that the frequencies of HMW-GS alleles with good quality in the 46 lines or cultivars are significantly higher than those of local varieties and past released cultivars with the frequency for Glu-A1: 1,2* (41.3%), Glu-B1: 7+8 (58.7%), and Glu-D1: 5+10 (50.0%), respectively. The Glu-1 quality scores of the 46 lines (cultivars) exhibited a higher average of 7.37, ranging from 5 to 10, than those in other winter wheat zones of China. The high quality scores with 10 in 8 lines (17.4% of total) indicated that a large progress has gained in introduction of the HMW-GS alleles related good quality into local cultivars of this region. Contents of protein and wet gluten were detected in the analyzed lines and cultivars with the average of 14.09%, 36.5%, respectively. Protein and wet gluten contents in 65.1% and 62.8% analyzed lines and cultivars, respectively, are up to the national quality standard for bread-making wheat. But among these analyzed lines and cultivar, sedimentation value, stability time and falling number，which show high coefficients of variations, are lower and instable in different years. A strong correlation was found between quality scores and each characters with good bread-making quality. Significant correlations for protein with wet gluten contents, stability time with sedimentation value or falling number, and glutenin contents with sedimentation value as well as stability time were detected in the studies. The results suggested that it is very important to pay attention to introduce HMW-GS with good bread-making quality. On the other hand, it is necessary to directly select other quality parameters, especially for sedimentation value, stability time and falling number for bread-making quality in the wheat breeding programs of Southwest China.

Performances and Germplasm Evaluation of Quantitative Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in Soybeans

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1422-1427 .

Abstract ( 1000 )

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A sample of 96 soybean cultivars were evaluated for their diseased rate (I), diseased rank (S), latent period (LP) and rate of disease development (R) in order to study the quantitative resistance to SMV in soybeans. The results showed that the performances of the above four resistance components were significantly different among cultivars and that some of the cultivars such as Lishuizhongzihuangdou, Peixiantianedan, Youbian30 could be infected by four SMV strains, Sa, SC8, N1 and N3, but their I, S, and R were lower and LP longer than most of the cultivars. These results demonstrated the existence of quantitative resistance to SMV besides qualitative resistance in soybeans. Some soybean cultivars such as Lishuizhongzihuangdou and AGS19, which previously were identified as resistant to SMV infection, were in fact susceptible, but resistant to expansion. The resistance to SMV in Pixianchadou and Huaiyinqiuheidou might be either qualitative or quantitative. The present study also indicated that the resistance spectrum and durability of cultivars with quantitative resistance might be wider and longer than those with qualitative resistance.

Heterosis Performance and Genetic Analysis of Yield and Fiber Qualities of Wanza40 Hybrid Upland Cotton

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1428-1433 .

Abstract ( 902 )

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Wanza40，a popularized hybrid in upland cotton，was used to study the performance and genetic models of heterosis of yield and fiber quality traits. The performance of yield in P1, P2, BC1, BC2, F1 and F2 populations was tested at four experimental environments，and the performance of yield in P1, F1, P2 and F2∶3 populations was further tested at two sites. Fiber samples of P1, P2, BC1, BC2, F1, F2 and F2∶3 populations were selected for examining fiber quality. The averaged heterosis, measured as departure from mid-parent value, for lint yield, seed cotton yield, boll number, boll size and lint percent in F1 were about 26.1％，23.7％，15.1％，6.6％ and 2.0％, respectively, and in F2 generation were about 21.1％，19.2％，13.0％，6.4％ and 1.5％, respectively. The heterosis for fiber quality was very small. The higher heterosis in F2 generation is very useful for cotton production. The result of genetic analysis, by segregation analysis on the major-polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits from multi-generation and by weighted least square estimates method on the genetic model of additive, dominance and epistasis, indicated that dominance was the main genetic basis of heterosis of lint yield，pre-frost seed cotton yield, boll number, and lint percent. In general, there really existed genetic effects of major gene in yield and fiber quality of upland cotton.

The Synthesis of the vgbM Gene with Plant Preferential Codon and Its Function Identification in E.coli

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1439-1443 .

Abstract ( 1514 )

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According to the amino acid sequence of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), a novel gene encoding the VHb protein was designed with plant preferential codon. First 22 oligodeoxynucleotide fragments were synthesized based on the design, meanwhile, certain restriction enzyme sites for further cloning were considered. Three small DNA fragments, which were formed by annealing certain oligonucleotide fragments, were sub-cloned respectively. Then the vgbM gene, which is 450 bp in length, was cloned into pUC19 by ligating the three small DNA fragments. The recombinant plasmid was named pGSVHB. The pBV221SVHB was further constructed by inserting the vgbM gene into the plasmid pBV221 after a Nco I site adding at 5'-terminal through PCR. Subsequently, the vector was introduced into E. coli, BL21 strain. The 16 kD VHb protein was detected after hot-shock inducing expression of the engineered E. coli. The biological activity of the expressed VHb was demonstrated by CO difference spectrum analysis. This work has laid a foundation for further studies to transfer vgbM gene into plants.

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates on Plant Potassium Accumulation and Grain Quality of Japonica Rice

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1444-1450 .

Abstract ( 1226 )

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A three-year experiment was conducted in order to examine the effects of potassium (K) application rates on plant K accumulation, K use efficiency and grain quality of japonica rice (Wuxiangjing14 and Wuyujing3) from 2000 to 2002 in Dongtai, Jiangsu, China. When K fertilizer was applied as basal dressing, K uptake of rice population amounted to maximum at the K2O application rate of 12.8 kg/667m2 and excessive-fertilization decreased population K uptake, grains K absorption always increased with the increase of K fertilizer application rate, only the increment extent decreased gradually. Potassium uptake by rice population peaked in the growth season from the elongation stage to the heading stage. Non-fertilization and excessive-fertilization enhanced the proportion of plant K uptake before the elongation stage, but reduced effective panicles. With one-time application of K fertilizer as basal dressing, the highest grain yield and quality occurred at the level of 1∶0.8 of N∶K2O ratio, which significantly increased the percentage of earbearing tiller and setting percentage and K physiological and agronomy efficiencies. Also, low chalkiness degree and amylose content were found at this level. Compared to one-time application of K fertilizer as basal dressing, fertilization as panicle fertilizer caused increases in plant K uptake and proportion from elongation stage to heading stage, the number of filled grain, the setting percentage and gel consistency. Moreover, K fertilization as panicle fertilizer significantly decreased chalkiness degree and amylose content, resulting in considerable high grain yield and quality.

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1464-1467 .

Abstract ( 1231 )

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Three barley subvarieties Hua7618 (non-waxy), 20A2 (waxy) and Hua2012 (osculant subvariety), which were different in endosperm types, were used in this report. During endosperm development, the initiation and accumulation of starch and storage protein as well as their morphological changes in endosperm cells of those subvarieties were observed sequentially by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that in Hua7618 endosperm cells, the size increase of large starch granules was the quickest and the average volume of them till grain maturation was the largest compared with the other subvarieties, while the 1 000-grain weight and the number of small starch granules were the greatest and the content of protein was the least. The situation in 20A2 endosperm cells was just opposite to Hua7618, and the situation in Hua2012 was intervenient. One amyloplast contained one large starch granule in endosperm cells, its number hardly increased after 13 days after flowering. Protein bodies were dispersed spherical particles at the prophase of caryopsis development. They fused with each other at the anaphase of caryopsis development and deposited among starch granules. Nuclei in endosperm cells deformed gradually at the metaphase of caryopsis development, and the initiation of small starch granules occurred during or after nuclei disruption.

Molecular Genetic Studies on the Rice Blast Fungus Population-- Dynamics of Genetic and Pathotypic Structures of Three Rice Blast Fungus Populations Originated from Guangdong Province in 2000 to 2002

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1468-1473 .

Abstract ( 1173 )

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In order to characterize the dynamics of genetic and pathotypic structures of the rice blast fungus population in Guangdong , three subpopulations each consists of 83 isolates derived from 2000 to 2002，respectively, were used as a experimental population. Genetic structures of the three subpopulations were characterized by the SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) marker-based DNA fingerprinting using the same ten pairs of SRAP primers. Three subpopulations were clustered into 33,25 and 13 genetic lineages, respectively, at the similarity coefficient of 0.92, indicating that genetic diversities of the rice blast fungus populations have been diminished in the recent years. On the other hand, pathotypic structures of the three subpopulations were characterized by the Chinese differentials. Three subpopulations were classified into 20,17 and 15 pathotypes, respectively, indicating that pathotypic diversities of the subpopulations have also decreased in the recent years. Since the genetic diversity of rice cultivars (hybrids) released has decreased in recent years in Guangdong, it, therefore, might be the most important fact to determine the dynamics of genetic and pathotypic structures of the population in Guangdong.

Cloning and Mapping of cDNA from Cotton Induced by Toxin of Verticillium dahliae

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1474-1480 .

Abstract ( 1031 )

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In order to obtain the resistant-related candidate genes from upland cotton，response genes were induced by toxin of V. dahliae in upland cotton which display superior wilt tolerance. Total RNA was isolated from the seedling roots of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.var. Zhongmian12) after 24 h of induction by toxin of the pathogen V. dahliae strain V991, double strand cDNA was synthesized by PCR according to the procedure of the SmartTM cDNA Synthesis Kit(CLONTECH Co.), 180 clones were abtained by the method of Suppression Subtractive Hybridization,15 cDNA clones were identified to be positive by Reverse Northern Blot, which was named as response gene induced by toxin of Verticillium dahliae, for short as Vdrg. Sequence analysis and cotton genome locating of Vdrg using F2 populations derived from Pima S6(G. barbardens) ×Acala Maxxa (G. hirsutum) were also carried out in this studies.

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1487-1491 .

Abstract ( 949 )

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Study on Soil Denitrification in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1492-1496 .

Abstract ( 1433 )

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Soil denitrification was studied in winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system with an aquic cambisol. Results showed that the N loss amount by denitrification ranged from 4.7 to 9.7 kg·ha-1 with different rates of fertilizer nitrogen. The key stage of denitification was during summer maize-growth-period, especially within 1-2 weeks after fertilizer nitrogen was applied. Similar trend was found between soil N2O production/emission dynamic and denitrification dynamic in the rotation system. This may indicate that N2O mainly produced in nitrification process.

Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Photosynthesis and Its Related Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Under Salt Stress

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1497-1503 .

Abstract ( 1441 )

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Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Wuyujing No.3 (salt-tolerant) and IR36 (salt-sensitive), were used to investigate the effects of exogenous calcium on some photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of the leaves of rice grown under salt stress. The results showed that the photosynthesis and photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves of salt-stressed rice were significantly enhanced with the inclusion of Ca2+. The levels of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased more significantly than the control without Ca2+, and the rate of increase or decrease of intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal limitation value were faster than that of the control without Ca2+ too. Addition of Ca2+ increased the contents of chlorophyll, proline and soluble sugar of the leaves of rice under salt stress. Furthermore, addition of Ca2+ reduced the content of MDA and the permeability of cell membrane, but increased the SOD activity.

Review of History and the Recent Development of Organic Farming in the World

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1510-1516 .

Abstract ( 1381 )

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The history of organic farming in the world is reviewed in this paper. The development of organic farming in the world had gone through three stages, e.g. emergence, expansion and growth. The contributors and their thoughts during the different development stages of organic farming were briefly introduced. The development status of organic farming in the world is reviewed by land area under organic management, land area under organic management in percent of total agricultural area and world markets for organic products. The main existing problems for the further development of the organic farming in the world are discussed. The development status, problems and strategies of organic farming in China are briefly introduced.

Phytochrome Control of Hypocotyl Length, Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Inflorescence Initiation of Tomato Plants Grown Under White Light

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1517-1520 .

Abstract ( 1208 )

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The wild type(WT) tomato and phytochrome mutants phyA, phyB1, phyB2, phyB1phyB2 and phyAphyB1phyB2 were used to study the effects of phytochrome on hypocotyl length, anthocyanin content and inflorescence initiation time. The results indicated that hypocotyl length and anthocyanin biosynthesis varied with phytochrome mutants. PHYB1 significantly inhibited hypocotyl elongation, but promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis. PHYA and PHYB2 showed relatively small influence on the two traits. However, PHYA and PHYB2 obviously interacted with PHYB1 to control hypocotyl elongation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Double mutant phyB1phyB2 significantly promoted inflorescence initiation. The 1－4th inflorescences of triple mutant phyAphyB1phyB2 aborted at its early developmental stage, and resulted in extremely tiny ones.

Studies on Microbial Population Dynamics in the Cucumber Rhizospheres at Different Developmental Stages

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1521-1526 .

Abstract ( 1211 )

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The microbial population dynamics in the rhizospheres of cucumber was studied by cultivation and culti- vation-independent analysis based on directly extracted DNA. Rhizosphere samples were taken at 2nd, 4th, 7th and 10th week after the seeds were planted, which was positively related to the corresponding date of cucumber growth stages. Results showed that the total number of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces began to rise at planting and quickly reached its peak at seedling or flowering period, but decreased slightly later. Bacterial population in rhizosphere was higher than that of corresponding control except certain periods, while both showed the similar change trend at all stages. Nitrogen fixing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteris and ammonifiers showed the same change tendency in population as bacteria and actinomyces did while cellulose decomposing microbes had the contrary rhizosphere effects as cucumber developed. There was a positive correlation between the rhizosphere microbe population and cucumber development. PCR was employed to amplify V3 region of 16SrDNA, then the products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE profile indicated that a few of microbe species lived stably in the farmland, but some were affected in population due to cucumber growth. Significant difference was observed in rhizosphere and control soils especially for the seedling and flowering samples. Few prominent bands in DGGE patterns which displayed stronger or less illumination means the bacteria represented had great population change in that period. This phenomenon indicated that flowering cucumber heavily affected rhizosphere bacteria, or the bacteria, most probably uncultured bacteria, functioned specially for cucumber flowering. Most detected bands with no illumination change in DGGE were likely to represent the indigenous microbles that were essential for constructing and stabilizing farmland microecological environment.

The Effect of Vineyard Green Cover on Wine Quality in Grape Cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1527-1531 .

Abstract ( 1299 )

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The effects of vineyard green cover with white clover (Trifolium repens)，perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on wine quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' were studied. The variation of grape berry reducing sugar content and total acid content was determined during maturing. Wine components were determined by comparing to clean tillage. The sensory quality of the wines was evaluated after winemaking. The results showed that reducing sugar content of berry increased, total acid content of grape berry decreased, while the pH, anthocyan, tannin of wine increased. Compared with those of clean tillage, significant difference in wine color and configuration occurred. It can be concluded that green cover improved the quality of grape berry and wine evidently.

Effect of 1-MCP on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of Chinese Bayberry Fruit

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1532-1536 .

Abstract ( 949 )

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Chinese bayberry fruits were exposed to 0, 1, 5, or 10 μl·L-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 15 h at 0 °C, and then stored at 0 or 20℃. Results showed that Chinese bayberry fruit could be stored for 13 days at 0℃ and for 5 days at 20℃, respectively. Respiration and relative conductivity were inhibited by 1-MCP during the late period of storage at 0℃, although no significant effect of 1-MCP on other physiological and quality characters was observed. However, respiration rate, ethylene production, relative conductivity and softening were reduced by 1-MCP when the fruits were stored at 20℃, while contents of total sugar, total acidity and anthocyanin were not significantly influenced.

Study on Separation and Purification of Protein from Ginkgo Seed and Its Antioxidant Activity

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1537-1543 .

Abstract ( 1210 )

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The ginkgos seed of Dafozhi were selected and used as experimental materials. Albumin (GAP), globulins (GGP) and salt-soluble protein (GSP) were isolated from ginkgo seeds by salting-in and salting-out methods and the isolation and preparation conditions were studied. There were mainly albumin and globulins in ginkgo seeds and very few proclamin, alkali-soluble protein, complex protein. As the result of chemical composition analysis shown, GAP was the highest purity one among GAP, GGP and GSP, and the amino acids composition of GAP were diversity and well composed. They are high quality protein. The results of scavenging ·OH generated by Fenton system showed the antioxidant activity of GAP was much higher than GGP.

Optimization of Inactivation Conditions of High Hydrostatic Pressure Using Response Surface Methodology

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1544-1549 .

Abstract ( 1455 )

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Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the present work and a second order quadratic equation for high hydrostatic pressure （HHP） inactivation was built. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verified effectively by the validation data. Effects of temperature, pressure, and pressure holding time on HHP inactivation of Escherichia coli were explored. By analyzing the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots as well as solving the quadratic equation, the optimum process parameters for inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 of six log cycles were obtained as: temperature 32.2℃, pressure 346.4 MPa, and pressure holding time 12.6 min.

The Experiment on the Cloned Cattle Derived from Somatic Cells and the Transfer of the Vitrified-Thawed Embryos of the Cloning Cattle

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1550-1554 .

Abstract ( 1024 )

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In this experiment, it was designed to carry out superovalation on the two cloned cattle, vitrification and transfer of the embryos recovered from them. First of all, it was carried out vitrification on embryos obtained by IVF. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the blastocysts (obtained by IVF) vitrified in EPS10 and these in EPS20 in the resuscitative rate and the developmental rate. The hatched rate of the blastocysts vitrified in EPS10 (31.3%,35/112) was significantly higher than that in EPS20(12.2%,13/107)(P<0.01), so EPS20 was selected as the vitrification solution to freeze the embryos recovered from the cloned cattles. After superovulation, six (four usable embryos) and ten (nine usable embryos ) embryos were respectively recovered from "Kang kang"and "Shuang shuang". Two embryos were selected from the recovered embryos of each cloned cattle to freeze in EPS20, subsequently thawed and transferred into ipsilateral horns of 4 Holstein recipient cows after synchronization of estrus, respectively. At last, one recipient cow (No 9908) became pregnant and delivered one healthy calf (descendant of the cloned cattle-"Shuang Shuang").The results of this experiment shows that the cloned cattle as well as common cattle had better response to the exotic FSH and better ability to multiovulation, the embryos recovered from the cloned cattle can be vitrificated.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Extracting Activity of Kid Rennet

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1555-1559 .

Abstract ( 954 )

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Using 2-3 weeks kid abomasa as material, the ultrasound intensity, extraction time, NaCl concentration and pH value in extracting solution and ratio abomasum to extracting solution were studied by ultrasounic method. The results showed that the main factor affecting kid rennet activity during extraction was ultrasound intensity / then NaCl concentration, extraction time and ratio absomasum to extracting solution in order. Kid rennet activity reached peak with ultrasound intensity 30 W·cm-2, extraction time 40 min, NaCl concentration 8%, pH value 3, ratio abomasum to extracting solution.1:15.

Effect of Energy on Serotonin-like Neurons in Duck Hypothalamus

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1560-1563 .

Abstract ( 922 )

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In the present study, the immunohistochemical method streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) was used to examine the effect of energy on serotonin-like neurons in hypothalamus of Cherry valley ducks bred with high energy feed and low energy feed, respectively. All films were analysed by using a computer-assisted image analysis system. In high energy group, labeled cells are widely distributed in paraventricular nucleus(PVN，17.73±1.41 neurons/19.46×103μm2) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH, 15.80±1.71 neurons/19.46×103μm2). In low energy group, labeled cells are widely distributed in lateral hypothalamus(LH，11.25±1.53 neurons/ 19.46×103μm2), yet none in PVN.These results indicate that serotonin-like neurons in hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism.

Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of IGF-I from Triangular Bream (Megalobrama terminalis)

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1564-1570 .

Abstract ( 997 )

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The insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) gene of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) (GenBank No.AY247412) was cloned for the first time from liver by RT-PCR .The nucleotide Sequence analysis showed that the triangular bream IGF-Ⅰ cDNA was consisted of 486 nucleotides and encoded 117 amino acids including B,C,A,D and E five domains. Analysis of E domain indicated that cloned triangular bream IGF-Ⅰbelonged to IGF-ⅠEa-2 subtype. Identity analysis showed that the IGF-Ⅰnucleotide sequence shared 99.8% homology with that of bluntnose bream, 88.8% homology with that of grass carp, 85.8% homology with that of common carp. The pre-IGF-Ⅰamine acid sequence shared 99.4% homology with that of bluntnose bream, 88.8% homology with that of grass carp, 85.4% homology with that of common carp. In the Cyprinus Carpio, the more high homology of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence in IGF-Ⅰshowed that the fishes have a closer relationship. These results could provide basic data for the research on triangular bream germplasm and the development and utilization of biological feed additives.

Determination of Avermectin Residue in Earthworms by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1571-1574 .

Abstract ( 1846 )

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A method for determination of avermectin B1a in earthworms was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Homogenized earthworms sample was extracted by acetonitrile, and cleaned up on alumina B cartridge and C18 solid-phase cartridge, followed by derivatization with 1-methylimidazole (1-MIZ) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detector set at 365 nm excitation and 475 nm emission wavelengths. The limit of detection of the method is 0.5 ng·g-1. The average recoveries of avermectin were 104.8%, 86,6% and 83.0%, respectively in earthworm samples fortified at 5, 50, 500 ng·g-1 and the Coefficient of variation ranged from 2.99% to 7.34%.

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Determination of the Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor (CpTI) in Transgenic Crop

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1575-1579 .

Abstract ( 1377 )

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CpTI was purified by G-75 column and affinity chromatography from 901 QINGPI cowpea which was selected from several varieties by trypsin inhibitor activity. The polyclonal antibody against CpTI was prepared and an enzyme immunoassay was established. Several samples of transgenic CpTI cotton were determined. The results showed that the expression of different organs of the same cultivar was different.

Isolation of NBS-LRR Class Resistance Gene Analogs from Stigma cDNA of Pomelo (Citrus grandis cv. guanxi)

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2004, 37(10): 1580-1584 .

Abstract ( 916 )

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Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on conserved motifs in the nucleotide binding site (NBS) region of known resistance proteins were used to amplify sequences from stigma cDNA of pomelo (Citrus grandis cv. guanxi) at anthesis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A bright band of about 500 bp was obtained. After cloning, 12 classes of clones were selected for sequencing. Searching in the GenBank database using BLAST revealed that 10 classes of sequences showed high level of amino acid similarity to several cloned NBS-LRR class plant resistance genes and many RGAs from other plant species. These pomelo resistance gene analogs (RGAs) are all　expressed sequences because of coming from cDNA. Therefore, they are valuable probes for screening candidate disease genes in pomelo.

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