Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Breeding of Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Lines Containing AP1 Gene with Enhanced Disease Resistance

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2373-2379 .

Abstract ( 883 )

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In order to obtain marker-free transgenic rice with improved disease resistance, the AP1 gene of Capsicum annuum and hygromycin-resistance gene (HPT) were cloned into the two separate T-DNA regions of the binary vector pSB130, respectively, and introduced into the calli derived from immature seeds of two elite Japonica rice varieties, Guanglingxiangjing and Wuxiangjing 9, mediated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Many co-transgenic rice lines, containing both the AP1 gene and the marker gene, were regenerated, and the integration of both transgenes in the transgenic rice plants was confirmed by either PCR or Southern blotting technique. Several selectable-marker free transgenic rice plants were subsequently obtained from the progeny of the co-transformants, and confirmed by both PCR and Southern blotting analysis. These transgenic rice lines were tested in the field and their resistance to disease was carefully investigated, the results showed that after inoculation the resistance to either bacterial blight or sheath blight of the selected transgenic lines was improved when compared with those of wild type.

Development of Wheat Germplasms with Multi-Resistance to Powdery Mildew, Stripe Rust and Yellow Dwarf Virus by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2380-2386 .

Abstract ( 871 )

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The genes conferring respectively resistance to wheat powdery mildew, wheat stripe rust and yellow dwarf disease were transferred to some elite wheat varieties with good agronomic characters by recurrent crossing and phenotype selection. Some winter and spring wheat individuals possessing multi-resistance genes were selected by phenotype and molecular marker-assisted selection，including 1 individual pyramiding 5 resistance genes of Pm4+Pm13+PmV +YrX+Bdv2, 5 individuals pyramiding 4 genes of Pm4+Pm13+YrX+Bdv2, 24 individuals pyramiding 4 genes of Pm4+PmV +YrX+Bdv2, 7 and 46 individuals pyramiding 3 genes of Pm13+YrX+Bdv2 and PmV+YrX+Bdv2, respectively. The study can provide valuable resistance parents, and effective detecting methods for wheat breeding against powdery mildew, stripe rust and yellow dwarf disease.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of TaDREB1 Gene in Wheat Germplasm

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2387-2394 .

Abstract ( 1401 )

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TaDREB1 is a key transcription factor controlling abiotic-stress-responsive gene expression. Twenty hexaploid cultivars and three diploid species of wheat relative were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TaDREB1 gene based on sequencing. A total of 271 SNPs and 14 InDels (insertion and deletion) were identified from 38 038 bp nucleotide sequence of TaDREB1, on average of one SNP every 140 bp and one InDel every 2 717 bp. The nucleotide diversity value in the hexaploid (Л=0.01029) was lower than that in the diploid (Л=0.02188). This indicated that diversity of TaDREB1 gene in the diploid was larger than hexaploid due to stronger selection pressure loaded on the hexaploid than diploid. The result of haplotype analysis revealed that SNPs in TaDREB1 were correlated with drought-tolerant character. Two haplotypes including one drought-tolerant accession and one non-drought-tolerant accession were also found, respectively. This showed the complicacy of drought-tolerance and the complicated drought-tolerant phenotype can't be account for only based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms in TaDREB1 gene.

Production of Transgenic Tall Fescue Plants with Enhanced Stress Tolerance by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2395-2402 .

Abstract ( 1309 )

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In order to improve stress tolerance of turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying plasmid pCMD containing stress tolerance-related CBF1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was used to transform mature seeds-derived embryogenic calli of four tested cultivars. One hundred and twelve transgenic plants from thirty-two independent lines were regenerated, which were confirmed by histochemical detection of GUS activity, PCR assay and Southern hybridization analysis. The transformation frequency ranged from 0.92% to 2.87% with apparent differences among the cultivars. Stress tolerance of transgenic plants were enhanced, which was testified by the facts that the transgenic plants had distinct growth superiority and significantly higher survival rate than non-transformed ones under high salt and high osmotic stresses, and that the relative electronic conductivity of in vitro leaves treated with low and high temperatures, dehydration and high salt stresses was 25%-30% lower in transgenic plants than in control plant. In addition, it was observed that growth of transgenic plants was inhibited due to constituent overexpression of CBF1 gene under normal environmental conditions.

Effects of High Temperature During Grain Filling Period on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of Wheat

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2403-2407 .

Abstract ( 1594 )

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Based on the phytotron, the effects of high temperature (daily average temperature 25℃, 30℃, 35℃ and 40℃, respectively) at grain fastest filling stage [19-21 days after anthesis (DAA)] at 50% relative air moisture on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves were studied. The wheat varieties tested were Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten and Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten. Compared with 25℃, the higher the temperature was, the higher MDA content in flag leaves was, while the lower the SOD, POD, CAT activities were. SOD and CAT activities in Yangmai 12 appeared to be more sensitive to high temperature than those in Yangmai 9. But POD activity in Yangmai 12 was less sensitive to high temperature. MDA content in Yangmai 12 was higher than that in Yangmai 9. 1000-grain weight declined with the rising of temperature.

Response of Winter Wheat Root to the Effect and the After-Effect of Soil Water Stress

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2408-2413 .

Abstract ( 1134 )

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To reveal the effect and after-effect of soil water stress on winter wheat, the article employs the experimental results carried out in the greenhouse. The results showed that the root-restricted weights varied with stress degrees and stress times during and after water stress. In the course of stress, the chief reason restricting the weight of roots was the stress intensity at this time, and that of severe stress treatment was larger than that mild of stress treatment. After water stress was relieved, the results of the after-effect of soil water stress on root growth were that the stress intensity of short-time and mild stress was larger than that of long-time and severe stress. Compared the two-stage stress intensities, root-restricted weight resulted from after-effect intensity of stress of short-time treatment, the mild stress treatments and long-time stress treatment; while that resutted from the stress of severe, long-time stress treatment. In general, the effects of water stress on roots could be attributed to three aspects. The three facts, which are a basis formed at previous stage, the after-effect of water condition before this stage and the influence of water at this stage, lead to the characters of root at any growth stage.

Formation and Thickening of Tuberous Roots in Relation to the Endogenous Hormone Concentrations in Sweetpotato

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2414-2420 .

Abstract ( 1133 )

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A field trial was conducted to investigate the changes of endogenous hormone concentration during formation and thickening of tuberous roots in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) of different genotypes (Xushu 18, Minamiyutaka and I .trifida-K123). The present results suggested that the concentrations of zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydro-zeatin riboside (DHZR), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and isopentenyl-adenine (IPA) of Xushu 18 and Minamiyutaka were significantly higher than those of I.trifida-K123. Dry tuberous root yields were positively correlated with the concentrations of ABA, ZR and DHZR at 1% or 5% significant level, but not correlated with the concentrations of IAA, IPA and GA4. The concentrations of ABA, ZR and DHZR played very important roles for the tuberous roots formation and thickening in sweetpotato. The concentrations of ZR, DHZR, ABA and IAA in the top or inner parts of tuberous roots were significantly higher than those of in the end or outer parts. Meanwhile, endogenous hormone concentrations of big tuberous roots were significantly higher than that of middle or small ones at early thickening period. In fast thickening period of tuberous roots, endogenous hormone concentrations of middle tubers were the highest. However, at late thickening period, endogenous hormone concentrations of small tubers ranked the highest.

A Model for Simulating Root Morphological Development of Tobacco

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2421-2427 .

Abstract ( 1424 )

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Based on the analysis of the rule of tobacco root growth and development, a tobacco root model was built by crop simulation techniques, which could be used to describe quantitatively the dynamic relationships between root growth and development of tobacco and environments. Then parameters of the models were determined using the measured data taken from the "root box" experiments held at the Henan Agricultural University. After running the root models, parameters, such as the root number, root length, index of root length and density of root length etc. could be obtained, which would provide a new tool in future studies revolving crop roots. Finally, the tobacco root models were tested using the experimental data in 2003，and the results show that there are significant relationships between the simulated and measured data with correlation coefficients between 0.9540-0.9896 for root number, root length of the first and second order, root length density and root length index etc. The results mentioned above indicate that the model behaves well to predict tobacco root morphological development.

Virulence Variation in Sexual Progeny and Composition of Avirulence Genes from the Cross CH63 and TH16 of Magnaporthe Grisea

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2428-2433 .

Abstract ( 1289 )

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A cross was made between two isolates of Magnaporthe grisea, CH63 and TH16. A total of 78 ascospore isolates were tested for pathogenicity on 36 rice varieties. The 71 pathotypes were clearly observed in the sexual progeny. The segregation ratio of avirulence and virulence was 1∶1, 1∶3, 3∶1, 1∶7, 15∶1 and 1∶15 on different rice varieties, respectively. The segregation ratio indicated that the avirulence and virulence to different varieties were controlled by a single or more than one avirulence genes. Genetic analysis showed that parental isolates caused various avirulence and virulence phenotypes on different variety. In the cross, avirulence and virulence on K59(Pi-t), Zhong 98-18，Tetep, T641, C102TTP(Pi-4), C101TTP6, E No.11, Nonghu No.6, C101PKT(Pi-4a) and C105TTP-1(Pi-4) were controlled by a single gene, by 2 genes on 1461 Xuan, Zhong156, Zhong 98-19, 6392 Xuan, Magutaiyin No.1, Lement, Miyazaki 7,Vandana, Chokoto, Qingzhen 8, and Zhenyou 3.

Characteristics and Identification of an Antagonistic Yeast 34-9 Against Blue and Green Mold of Citrus

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2434-2439 .

Abstract ( 1158 )

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A yeast strain was tested for its antagonistic activity against blue mold (Penicillium italicum) and green mold (Penicillium digitatum) of citrus fruit in bean sprout juice agar (BSJDA) medium. The strain (34-9) was identified as Kloeckera apiculata and showed the highest antagonistic activity against citrus blue mold and green mold on pair-culture against P. italicum and P. digitatum of citrus and on wounded citrus fruit. There was no antagonistic activity of fermentated filtrate and after sterilization. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed attachment of the yeast cells to the pathogen hyphae, indicating that the high antagonistic activity of the yeast may be contributed by the competition for space and nutrients and /or involvement of direct antagonist of the yeast on the fungus.

Severity Scale System of Pomegranate Wilt Disease Caused by Ceratocystis fimbtiata Ellis & Halst

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2440-2445 .

Abstract ( 1107 )

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The pomegranate wilt is a kind of new plant disease occurred in Mengzi County of Yunnan Province and is aggravating in recent years. General field investigation, sample collection, vision analysis, and experts consultation on the disease were carried out on total of 240 pomegranate trees in 5 orchards during two growing seasons. Based on the data collected on emergence and symptoms of pomegranate wilt, the authors proposed a severity scale system of the disease according to the ratio (R) of the spread of wilt in trunk base to the width of trunk base. The system contains nine grades in disease severity. This system is useful to selection of disease-resistance pomegranate species and evaluation of protective reagents against the wilt in field trials.

HCD in Tobacco Induced by HarpinXoo Showing Characteristics of PCD

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2446-2450 .

Abstract ( 1386 )

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The proteinaceous elicitor harpinXoo from pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was found to elicit lesions reminiscent of the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tobacum L., Xanthi; NC). Tobacco leaves infiltrated with 40 μg·ml-1 harpinXoo exhibited a distinct hypersensitive cell death after 20 hours of infiltration, but micro-HR could be observed at the 8th hour of infiltration by Trypan blue staining. Chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation, the features of programmed cell death (PCD), were found in the treated leaves using DAPI staining and agarose gel analysis respectively. These results indicated that tobacco leaves induced by harpinXoo had the properties of PCD. In addition, analysis of the mRNA accumulation of hin1 and hsr203J, two marker genes of HCD, indicated a correlation between genes expression and tobacco cell death induced by harpinXoo。

Diapause Characteristics and Cold-hardiness of Temperate and Subtropical Populations in Chilo suppressalis

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2451-2456 .

Abstract ( 1059 )

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Diapause inducement, super-cooling point, and mortality under low temperature environment and physiological index in relation to cold-hardiness in Chilo suppressalis populations from different geographical locations were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that the critical photoperiods of Beijing population at 22℃, 25℃ and 28℃ were 13 h and 55 min, 13 h and 44 min, and 13 h and 6 min, respectively, which were significantly longer than those of Fuzhou population at the same temperature. The super-cooling point of -15.13℃ for the diapause larvae collected from field in Beijing was drastically lower than both lab populations from Beijing and Fuzhou, indicating that there was a close relationship between larval cold hardiness and regulation from natural environment. During the test range from - 25℃ to -10℃, the mortality of diapause larvae increased as the temperature dropped, but there was a significant difference between two geographical populations, in which the high latitude population (Beijing) possessed a stronger cold hardiness. The weight of the diapausing larvae was significantly higher than non- diapausing ones developed under similar condition, and the water content in the diapause larvae was much lower. However, the protein and sugar contents in the diapause larvae were all higher than those in the non-diapause ones, suggesting that there were positive relationships between larval cold hardiness and the contents of protein and sugar.

Study on Precise and Quantitative N Application in Rice

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2457-2467 .

Abstract ( 1616 )

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This study is based on the Stanford equation and aims at getting high yield and high quality rice. With the aid of stage and monomial method of quantitative determination, the three parameters of the precise and quantitative N application theory and technology were measured and validated. In the process of study new, methods and route were found preliminarily, such as a new method for determination of the amount of N requirement by grading the yield of a field, a new route to study by demarcating the N supplied by organic fertilizer to the N supply ability of a field and the great effect of the ratio of N applied as basal fertilizer and that as panicle fertilizer on the NUE was proposed. The research has solved the technology of precise and quantitative N application of total amount of N and its splitting application, thus enabling the application of this technology and supporting the application of "3S" technology.

Emission and Fixation of CO2 from Soil System as Influenced by Long-Term Application of Organic Manure in Paddy Soils

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2468-2473 .

Abstract ( 1317 )

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The observations of 26-year long-term experiment in Zhejiang paddy soil showed that: soil organic matter could increase continuously with applying organic manure, and the increase rate enhanced with the application rates of organic manure. By mathematic modeling, the soil organic matter will be increased by 22 kg with applying 1 t fresh FYM. The more the application rate of organic manure, and the more the root residues, thus the more the CO2 emission from the mineralization of soil organic matter. From the expectation, the CO2 emission will be at 10.04-21.61 t·ha-1·a-1 with applying 16.5-49.5 t·ha-1·a-1 of fresh FYM. The soil organic carbon from the mineralization and release of applied organic carbon (fresh FYM and root residues) will affect the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. So, the more the application rates of organic manure, and the more the fixed organic carbon. The CO2 fixation will be at 1.885-3.463 t·ha-1·a-1 with applying 16.5-49.5 t·ha-1·a-1 of fresh FYM. Thus, the CO2 fixation will be increased by 46.7 kg with applying 1 t fresh FYM. To apply organic manure continuously in rice fields may be helpful to reduce the contribution to the increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

Analysis on Microbial Diversity of Different Agricultural Soils by Using Molecular Biology Technique

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2474-2480 .

Abstract ( 1137 )

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The microbial diversity and evenness in three different soil samples: compost-treated, chemical fertilizer-treated and control group soil samples were studied. The 16S rRNA gene cloning and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used for the comparison of soil microbe community. The optimization of RFLP digestion was firstly carried out, and AciI, BstUI, RsaI were optimal restriction enzymes for the digestion. The diversity indexes of soil microbes were also calculated and the indices of three treatments: control, compost, and chemical fertilizer-treated soils, are 0.990, 0.986, and 0.962 for D value, respectively; and 0.979, 0.977, and 0.931 for evenness, respectively.

Study on Water Consumption Characteristics and Effects of Film Mulching on Radish Field Under Various Ground Water Tables in the Cold Region of North China

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2481-2485 .

Abstract ( 976 )

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For the success of rainfed cropping in the cold and semiarid region of North China, the characteristics of water consumption on quantity and variation in soil of different depths and the effects of plastic film-mulched radish field were studied. The results showed that little water consumption of radish field came from ground water table at 3 m depth; 25.79 mm and 71.78 mm came from 2 m and 1 m depths respectively. Water consuming ratio was 2.94-3.41 mm·d-1 in radish growing period, and 30-60 cm depth was the main horizon on water supply. Plastic film-mulched radish field decreased water evaporation by 15.51%-39.19% and increased water use efficiency by 40.00 %-81.70% compared with the control. Film mulching plays an important role in water use efficiency in the rainfed farming by the mechanism of storing water in early radish growing stage and supplying it in the late stage.

Studies on Increase of Yield and Soil Moisture of Fruit Tree by Using Super Absorbent Polymers

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2486-2491 .

Abstract ( 968 )

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The experiments on growth of fruit tree by using super absorbent polymers were conducted in two years and its effects on soil moisture, fruit growth, fruit yield and photosynthesis under the condition of using it together with fulvic acid were analyzed. The result showed that the use of super absorbent polymers increased soil moisture, accelerated fruit growth, increased fruit yield, and improved photosynthesis of the leaves. The results showed that yield increased by 2 957-3 766 kg per hectare and the economic benefit increased by 3 417-4 394 yuan per hectare.

Study on Chilling Tolerance of Cucumber During Germination and Expression of Lysine Decarboxylase Gene

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2492-2495 .

Abstract ( 1226 )

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With cDNA-AFLP technique, a specific fragment was isolated from a chilling tolerant cucumber cultivar 'Changchunmici', under induction at low temperature (15℃). This fragment could not be induced in the chilling sensitive cucumber cultivar 'Beijing jietou' and named as cctr132. After recollection, sequencing and translation, the results of blastx and blastp in GenBank of NCBI indicated that cctr132 had 88.37% identities and 100% positives with Oryza sativa putative lysine decarboxylase-like protein, respectively, and PGGXGTXXE, the putative conserved domain of lysine decarboxylase family, was detected from CCTR132, which suggested that the cucumber chilling tolerance during germination is related to the expression of lysine decarboxylase gene.

Optimized Culture System for Ri T-DNA Transformed Roots of Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2496-2501 .

Abstract ( 1586 )

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Genetic transformation experiments of the different exploids from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out under dark and light. The optimized culture system for Ri T-DNA transformed roots of C. grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You was constructed as follows: After the ventral wounded striations on the single activation cotyledon were inoculated by A. rhizogenes A4 (logarithmic period), they were cultured at the temperature of 25±2℃ in the dark for 25-30 days, some transformed roots were generated from wounded striations of most cotyledons. The genetic transformation ratio was about (83±11)%. Axenic Ri T-DNA transformed roots (hairy roots ) were harvested after five subcultures. Explants were activated on MT medium. The MS medium was used for subculture of transformed roots. Mass Ri T-DNA transformed roots which the hormone was produced independently were harvested from this optimized culture system. White fresh Ri T-DNA transformed roots were about 1.14±0.07 cm long, 0.73±0.04 mm wide, and grew negative geotropism.

Plant Regeneration from in vitro Cultured Hypocotyl Explants of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi'

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2502-2507 .

Abstract ( 1064 )

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Adventitious shoots were successfully regenerated from hypocotyl explants of in vitro culture of Euonymus japonicus 'Cu zhi'. Hypocotyl slices were cultured on Murashine and Skoog (MS) and B5 basal medium supplemented with various plant growth-regulators. Two auxins, ?-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) combined with two cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and kinetin were tried. The study showed that shoot regenerated directly from hypocotyl explants without the intervening callus phased. MS medium was more suitable for adventitious shoots regeneration. The ability of hypocotyl segments to produce shoots varied depending upon their positions on seedlings. The highest regeneration rate was obtained with hypocotyl segments near the cotyledon cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L-1 BA and 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA (63.64%). The regenerated shoots were readily elongated on the same medium as used for multiplication and rooted on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 IBA and 100 mg·L-1 activated carbon. The plantlets were subsequently transferred to greenhouse conditions, and 96% of them were successfully acclimatized.

New Process of Dehulling-Cold Pressing-Expansion for Double-Low Rapeseed

WenLin Li,,,

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2508-2514 .

Abstract ( 1576 )

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Rapeseed dehuller, twin-screw press and expander were assembled to a new process for double-low rapeseed. The technical and economic feasibility of the new process were analyzed. It can reduce conversion cost, improve quality of oil and meal and increase economic benefit. The conversion cost of new process is 142.85 Yuan·t-1, which is less than pre-pressing extraction process by 20%. Cold pressing oil meets the standard of the second grade rapeseed oil of GB 1536-1986. Rapeseed meal meets the standard of the first grade low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal for fodder of NY 417-2000, which protein content is more than 46%. The new process come up to high profit .Its industrialization and application are promising.

Effect of Energy Diet on the Expression of PC and PEPCK mRNA in the Liver of Periparturient Cows

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2515-2519 .

Abstract ( 1425 )

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of energy intake during the dry period on the expression of Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and Phosphoenolpyrevate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA in the liver of periparturient diary cows. Thirty healthy multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated into three groups and fed on 100% energy diet (standard diets), 120% energy diet and 80% energy diet，respectively, beginning at the 28th day before parturition. After calving, all the cows were offered the lactation ration ad libitum until the 56th day postpartum. Quantitative PCR analysis of RNA from liver biopsy samples obtained on days -28、-14、+1、+14、+28、and +56 relative to calving indicated that PC and PEPCK mRNA expression were responsive to diet. Abundance of PC mRNA was the highest in the 80% energy diet cows during experimental period. Liver PEPCK mRNA abundance increased after parturition in the low energy diet group of cows compared with the other groups of cows except a period of the first 14d postpartum. The results demonstrate that the low energy diet during the dry period could improve the liver glyconeogenesis in the periparturient diary cows.

Correlation of Polymorphisms of POU1F1 Gene and Growth Traits in Qinchuan Cattle and Its Hybrid Cattle

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2520-2525 .

Abstract ( 1084 )

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PCR-RFLP was firstly applied to analyze the correlation of polymorphisms of POU1F1 gene and growth traits in 164 beef cattle, at the age of 4 months (±10 d), including Qinchuan cattle, Qinchuan×Limousin cattle, Qinchuan×Red Angus and Qinchuan×German Yellow cattle. The results showed that 451 bp PCR products digested with HinfI demonstrated polymorphisms in four populations which were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Moreover, the frequencies of allele A/B of QQ, AQ, DQ and LQ populations were 0.232/0.768, 0.333/0.667, 0.178/0.822 and 0.181/0.819, respectively. The correlation of polymorphisms of POU1F1 gene and growth traits among the 4 populations was analyzed. In heart girth, height at hip cross, individuals with genotype AB and BB in population were higher than that of genotype AA, that is, BB and AB＞AA (P＜0.05). So POU1F1 gene can be one of a candidate genes for growth traits with heart girth, height at hip cross, but not for body length trait. The conclusion is that genotype BB is a predominant genotype and B is a predominant allele.

Characterization of a Novel SNP of SLA-DQA and Its Effects on Carcass Traits

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2526-2530 .

Abstract ( 1248 )

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A novel SNP at the nucleotide 722 of coding sequence, which caused shift mutation, were detected using PCR-RFLP. This study was designed to investigate the effect of DQA on pig economic traits. The results of genotypes in six Chinese indigenous breeds and Large White showed that there exist polymorphism excepting Xiaomeishan Pigs and Large White. The differences in genotype frequency were scored using the χ2 value among the 6 indigenous breeds. The genotype distributions were also analyzed in Large White, Landrace, Tongcheng, Landrace (Large White Tongcheng) and Large White (Landrace Tongcheng), and the association analysis between genotype and traits was performed by GLM. The results showed that the genotypes have significant correlations with average backfat thickness, backfat thickness between 6th and 7th ribs, percentage of leaf and caul and eye muscle width (P<0.05), and nearly significant correlation levels with backfat at the loin (P=0.06). However, there were no significant associations between DQA genotype and growth traits.

Determination of Tilmicosin Residues in Swine Excreta by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2531-2535 .

Abstract ( 1458 )

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The concentrations of tilmicosin residues in swine excreta were determined by HPLC. Swine excreta were extracted with acetonitrile and 0.1mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5). The extracts were applied to C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The residue was eluted from SPE cartridge with methanol-acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (20:80:0.77, v:v:g), and the eluate was determined by HPLC at 290 nm. Recoveries of tilmicosin in urine fortified at 0.025?g·ml-1-2.0?g·m;-1 and in faeces fortified at 0.05?g·g-1-5.0?g·g-1 were in the range of 83.4%-95.7% and 58.8%-73.9%, respectively. Coefficients of variation were in the range of 6.6%-8.9% and 8.7%-12.4%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.025?g·ml-1 and 0.05?g·g-1 for tilmicosin in urine and faeces, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.0125?g·ml-1 and 0.025?g·g-1 for tilmicosin in urine and faeces, respectively. The method complied with the requirement for tilmicosin correlative study.

Relationship Between Heart Damages and HSPs mRNA in Persistent Heat Stressed Broilers

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2536-2541 .

Abstract ( 1200 )

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The relationship between heart damages and HSPs mRNA of heat stressed broilers was studied using spectrophotometer, histopathological technique and fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR (FQ RT-PCR). The results showed that the activity of creatine kinase (CK) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was fluctuant during the persistent heat stress. The major lesions in the myocardial fibers were degeneration and necrosis. The transcription of constitutive or cognate heat shock protein 70 (HSC70) mRNA changed. The transcription of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA significantly increased in the course of persistent heat stress. The results also suggested that the change of HSC70 mRNA was contrary to the activity of CK, and the level of HSC70 mRNA transcription could used as a symbol of myocardial cell damages in the course of persistent heat stress.

Identification of FXPRLamide Family Neuropeptides from the Japanese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea yamamai by Using Immunocytochemistry Methods

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2542-2548 .

Abstract ( 983 )

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In present study, zooblooting, ELISA and whole-mount immunocytochemistry methods were used to identify the FXPRLamide family neuropeptides from the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai. The results showed that the genomic DNA from Antheraea yamamai showed positive bands after hybridized with the fragment of DH-PBAN cDNA from Samia cynthia ricini, which labeled with [ -32P]-dCTP. The SG showed highest FXPRLamide peptides titer in neural organs. Using an antiserum against H. armigera PBAN, PBAN-like immunoreactivity was detected in the SG and TG of Antheraea yamamai by whole-mount immunocytochemistry, and there were three clusters cells in the SG which shows positive PBAN-like immunoreactivity. The titers of FXPRLamide peptides immunoreactivity in the hemolymph kept a steady level. When pupation, the titer increased promptly, but decreased to a low level after early pupal stage. The above results demonstrated the existence of FXPRLamide family peptides in Antheraea yamamai, but its function need to be further investigated in the future.

Analysis on SSR Polymorphisms of Japonica Rice Varieties

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2549-2554 .

Abstract ( 1131 )

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395 SSR (Simple sequence repeats) primer pairs were used to analyze 16 Japonica and Indica rice varieties. The result showed that the polymorphisms detected were 11.12% among Japanese closely related varieties (JCRV，Japonica), 17.58% between JCRV and Italy varieties (Japonica), 20.80% between JCRV and America varieties (Indica) and 38.62% between JCRV and Philippines varieties (Indica). It implied that polymorphisms were lower among identical Japonica type varieties than between different ecological type varieties, and lowest among JCRV in the identical Japonica type varieties. However, polymorphisms were obviously different among JCRV, variance ranges of that were from 3.79% to 15.95%. Furthermore, there were significant differences in polymorphisms among various chromosomes as well; the polymorphisms of SSR markers in tenth chromosomes were always lowest among any type varieties.

Genetic Diversity Among Barley Germplasm with Known Origins Based on the RAMP and ISSR Markers

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2555-2565 .

Abstract ( 935 )

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The genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 60 barley accessions, including 33 Chinese endemic barley landraces, 19 wild barley accessions from Xizang, China, and 8 barley cultivars from other countries, were evaluated by RAMP and ISSR markers. In RAMP analysis, a total of 116 bands were observed in 22 markers, among with 98 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify 1 to 10 polymorphic bands, with an average of 5.27 bands. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB), mean polymorphism information content (PIC) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 84.48%, 0.277 and 1.602, respectively. Among the 60 barley accessions, the RAMP-based genetic similarity (RAMP-GS) ranged from 0.551 to 0.965, with a mean of 0.830. In ISSR analysis, a total of 113 bands were detected, among which 111 bands were polymorphic. The number of bands from each ISSR marker ranged from 1 to 10, with an average of 5.95. The PPB, PIC and Ne were 98.23%, 0.427 and 2.033, respectively. The ISSR-derived genetic similarity (ISSR-GS) ranged from 0.203 to 0.931, with a mean of 0.676. The cluster analysis indicated that all the 60 barley accessions could be distinguished by both RAMP and ISSR markers. Mantel test indicated that RAMP and ISSR were significantly associated. These results suggested that high level of genetic diversity among the barley germplasm has been detected by RAMP and ISSR markers, and ISSR was superior to RAMP. Key words: Barley; RAMP; ISSR; Genetic diversity; Genetic relationshi

Study on Several Characters of Chamaecrista spp. Irradiated by 60Co -γ

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2566-2570 .

Abstract ( 1455 )

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The seeds of five Chamaecrista spp. pasturages were irradiated by 60Co-γ. Based on the observations of M1, M2, M3 generation in fiel experiment, five plants with bigger variations in agronomic character were elected for pot experiment M4. The results showed that there were some differences in agronomic characters among the five cultivars and their parents without irradiation. The biomass of 2219, 86134 and 92985 after irradiation increased by 10.4%, 42.8% and 20.74%, respectively. The nutrient elements of plants also changed greatly. On the basis of analysis by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, it was found that there were obvious differences in DNA fingerprinting between the progenies after irradiation by 60Co-γ and their parents.

Studies on Using Rooting Capacity to Appraise the Drought Resistance of Different Varieties of Oryza sativa at Seedling Stage

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2571-2576 .

Abstract ( 2677 )

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Simple and rapid evaluation on drought-resistance of various varieties of rice can increase the selective efficiency and further quicken breeding program. To select an agronomic index is a key to appraise resistance. In this paper, the significant correlations between the range of reduction in rooting ability indexes, i.e. total root length, root number and root dry weight, and drought resistance at early stage of rice were observed in PEG treatment (25%). Additionally, measuring rooting capacity is characteristic of simplition and rapidity. So, the results suggest that rooting capacity may be used for evaluation on drought resistance of rice at early stage.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Lodging Resistance of Ramie Culm (Boehmeria nivea L.)

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(12): 2577-2581 .

Abstract ( 1067 )

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The orthogonal rotated combination design on the basis of three factors and five levels was used to investigate the effects of GA3, uniconazole and prime on resistance to lodging resistance and lodging-resistant index of ramie culm. A mathematical model was established as: Y=87.10-9.03X1+8.30X2-9.41X12-12.25X32. It was concluded from the model that when GA3, uniconazole and prime were used at the dosages of 14.29 mg·kg-1, 20.00 mg·kg-1 and 357.00 mg·kg-1 respectively, the lodging-resistant index was the highest(103.23 g·mm-1). The model would be a foundation for feedback trial and popularization.

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