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    01 March 2010, Volume 43 Issue 5
    CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS
    Cloning and Characterization of LMW-GS Gene at Glu- A3 Complex Locus in Different Wheat Cultivars
    HAN Ran,MA Meng,WEI Yan-yan,ZHAO Hui-xian
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  881-888 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.001
    Abstract ( 853 )   PDF (494KB) ( 740 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the molecular characteristics of LMW-GS genes at Glu-A3 locus in different wheat cultivars, and to find candidate genes with potential value in wheat quality improvement. 【Method】 Chinese wheat cultivars Xiaoyan 6, Shaanyou 225, and Australian bread wheat cultivars Suneca and Cook, as well as Chinese Spring were selected as materials to clone and characterize LMW-GS genes at Glu-A3 locus with the specific primer by PCR in this investigation. 【Result】 Five LMW-GSgenes at Glu-A3 locus were cloned, named as CookGlu-A3 (accession number EU871816), XYGlu-A3 (FJ876820), SYGlu-A3 (FJ876819), SunecaGlu-A3 (FJ876822), CSGlu-A3 (FJ876821). All of them contained the entire coding regions, 197 bp of promoter sequences and 51 bp downstream sequences after stop codons. The differences among the five genes were that there existed some SNPs and insertions/deletions. All the deduced proteins of the five genes belong to LMW-i type. Notablely, the deduced protein of CookGlu-A3 contained 7 cysteine residues, with a 38 aa fragment in the C-terminal domain including the 7th conserved Cys residue missing. On the basis of the similarity of coding sequence, 51 known LMW-GS genes were classified into three groups, and each group was corresponding to a specific locus Glu-A3, Glu-B3 or Glu-D3, respectively. 【Conclusion】 CookGlu-A3 encoded a LMW-i type glutenin subunit with 7 cysteine residues, and it may be a novel LMW-GS gene. All LMW-GS genes at different chromosomal locations had their own specific characteristics in their coding sequences. The coding sequences of the LMW-GS genes at locus Glu-A3 had less identity with those at locus Glu-B3 or Glu-D3.

    Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Wx Gene Associated with Amylose Content in Barley Germplasm
    ZHU Cai-mei,ZHANG Jing
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  889-898 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.002
    Abstract ( 1162 )   PDF (397KB) ( 848 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Waxy gene (Wx in short) is a key gene responsible for the barley amylose synthesis. The objective of the present study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Wx and determine the relationship between SNP and amylose content of seed in barley. 【Method】 After PCR amplification and gene clone, 30 Chinese normal and waxy barley cultivars, which had high, medium and low amylose content respectively, were sequenced and polymorphism was analyzed for waxy gene with 2 Canadian waxy barley as controls. 【Result】 By polymorphism identification of waxy gene nucleotide sequences for the 32 barley cultivars, 169 polymorphism sites were identified, which included 143 SNP and 26 InDel with frequencies of 1/310 and 1/196, respectively. It was found that the introns 1,3,5,8, exons 2,5 and 5′-UTR, 3′-UTR were the rich nucleotide variation regions. Exon 2 and intron 1 suffered stronger selection pressure. Four haplotypes were identified from 32 plant materials. Among them, haplotype 1 included all low amylose content accessions. 【Conclusion】 The results of research showed that there is a clear correlation between SNPs in waxy gene and amylose content in barley.

    Racial Classification and Characterization of Maize Landraces in China
    LIU Zhi-zhai,SONG Yan-chun,SHI Yun-su,CAI Yi-lin,CHENG Wei-dong,QIN Lan-qiu,LI Yu,WANG Tian-yu
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  899-910 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.003
    Abstract ( 1194 )   PDF (329KB) ( 1380 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Systematic and complete information of diversity and types of races of Chinese maize landraces is of great importance in mining the elite alleles, analyzing the ecological evolution, and achieving the continuable development in maize breeding. The objective of this study was to reveal the races of Chinese maize landraces for the first time, and to evaluate the phenotypic characterization of each race as well. 【Method】 Seven hundred and thirty maize landrace accessions from the core collection of conserved in the China National Genebank were used to carry out the racial classification of Chinese maize landraces. All these materials were planted for a 2-year phenotypic characterization of 31 traits according to a randomized block design with three replications. Principal component analysis of all these 31 phenotypic traits determined 11 main traits for the racial classification of these landraces. Euclidean distance among the 730 maize landraces was calculated based on these 11 phenotypic traits, on which the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) clustering analysis was carried out. 【Result】 Revealed by the NJ clustering analysis, the 730 maize landraces were separated into 9 races, including southwestern yellow flints, southwestern white flints, northern yellow flints, northern white flints, southwestern dents, northern dents, derived race, southern waxy race, and pop corn race. 【Conclusion】 Phenotypic summary statistics revealed that landraces of each race covered a widely geographical distribution and possessed a distinct phenotypic characterization, which indicated a good adaptation of these landraces to the local eco-climate conditions and a high potential utility of these germplasm in maize breeding and cultivars improvement. Compared to genetic diversity possessed in the germplasm of South America and the USA, Chinese maize landraces show a relatively narrower genetic background, so it is of great importance in importing and integrating different maize genetic resources from other countries and regions.

    TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
    Effects of Shading at Different Stages After Anthesis on Maize Grain Weight and Quality at Cytology Level
    JIA Shi-fang,LI Cong-feng,DONG Shu-ting,ZHANG Ji-wang
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  911-921 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.004
    Abstract ( 921 )   PDF (872KB) ( 1124 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of different-stage shading after anthesis on grain weight and quality of maize at cytology level. 【Method】 The shading experiment was conducted in the field from 2005 to 2006, with a common maize cultivar (TY2) as the experimental material. Plants were stressed using horizontal shading net and the light intensity reduced by 55%. Field-grown maize plants were shaded at 1-14 d (S1), 15-28 d (S2) and 29-42 d (S3) after pollination respectively. Control plants (S0) were grown under natural light. Grain weight, quality, endosperm cell proliferation, cob sugar content and grain pedicel vascular bundle cross section area were measured. The ultrastructural changes of endosperm cells and endosperm transfer cells were observed after pollination. 【Result】 The result indicated that the grain weight, starch content, endosperm cell number and volume were declined after shading. On the contrary, embryo/endosperm ratio, protein content and fat content in grain increased. Shading treatments significantly delayed the development of the starch granules, also remarkably reduced the endosperm filling status. Among the three treatments, the number of the grain endosperm was the least under shading stress at 1-14 d after pollination. However, the volume of starch granules and the substantiation of endosperm under shading treatment at 15-28 d after pollination were the worst. Compared with the control (natural sunlight without shading), the soluble sugar of maize cob increased significantly, while there was no obvious change in vascular structure of small cluster stalk. The number of protein body in maize endosperm was influenced markedly by low light at different stages after pollination. Low light decreased the volume of the grain endosperm transfer, and the cell wall extensions of the basal transfer cells became thinner and shorter under shading treatment than those of the control, furthermore, the degree of connect extent and the capacity of the nutrient transport were decreased, and the mitochondrion number of the transfer cell was reduced after shading. 【Conclusion】 The change of grain quality after shading caused by the increase of embryo/endosperm ratio and the variety of the endosperm inclusion percentage cell. The morphology and functions in endosperm transfer cell and the shortage of energy restricted the nutrient transport greatly with shading at different stages, suggesting that an impeded flux may be one of the important reasons for kernel weight decrease of maize grain at later growth stage under low light condition.

    Effects of Different Plastic Film Mulching Modes on Soil Moisture,Temperature and Yield of Dryland Maize
    LI Shang-zhong,WANG Yong,FAN Ting-lu,WANG Li-ming,ZHAO Gang,TANG Xiao-ming,DANG Yi,WANG Lei,ZHANG Jian-jun
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  922-931 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.005
    Abstract ( 984 )   PDF (366KB) ( 936 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of different plastic film mulching modes on the change pattern of the soil moisture and temperature,high-efficient utilization of precipitation resource and yield of dryland maize.【Method】 Six plastic film mulching modes were compared to determine the change of topsoil temperature in day and night , the soil moisture dynamics in 0-2m depths at growth stages of spring maize, grain yield of maize and water use efficiency. 【Result】The results showed that ridge film mulching and furrow seeding, including full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (FFDRF) and half plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (HFDRF), prevented topsoil temperature excessive rise at daytime and excessive drop at nighttime at seedling stage, mean temperature of topsoil was lower than other treatments at filling stage. The average topsoil temperature of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding increased by 2.4℃ in comparison with non-mulching in whole growth period. It promoted the transform of precipitation less than 5mm each time into available soil water resources, and improved rainfall use efficiency. In a normal precipitation year, the highest yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF respectively increased by 91% and 85% compared with non-film cover, in the dry year, the highest yield and water use efficiency of HFDRF respectively increased by 34% and 33% compared with non-film cover. 【Conclusion】 Ridge film mulching and furrow seeding could improve soil moisture and temperature, and increase water use efficiency. In a normal precipitation year, the yield-increasing of FFDRF was the best, and in the dry year, HFDRF was the best. They were effective ways to further exploit rainfall productive potential and create high-yielding fields in dry farming areas.

    Effects of Light and Nitrogen Interaction on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Flue-Cured Tobacco
    YUN Fei,LIU Guo-shun,SHI Hong-zhi,SONG Jing
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  932-941 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.006
    Abstract ( 1202 )   PDF (618KB) ( 1084 )   Save
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    【Objective】 In order to reveal the regulating effects of light and nitrogen under different conditions on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and elucidate the feasible combination of light and nitrogen for better growth of flue-cured tobacco. 【Method】 With Yuyan 5 as experimental material, a pot experiment was carried out in 2008, two elements including light intensity (four levels) and nitrogen supply (three treatments) were conducted to study the interation effects of light and nitrogen on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. 【Result】 The content of pigments (chl, car) in flue-cured tobacco leaves were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen and shading. Compared to low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen treatments, under the condition of mid-nitrogen, the values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and the light use efficiency (LUE) were the highest. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The application of nitrogen could contribute to reduce energy dissipation of non-radiation so that large light energy could allocate to photochemical reaction. The actual photochemical efficiency (ФPSⅡ), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) increased with the increase of nitrogen and shading. The photosynthetic capacity and the amount of dry matter accumulation were promoted when the light level at 70% natural light transmittance, but under less than 50% natural light intensity had negative effects on dry matter accumulation. 【Conclusion】 Light, nitrogen and their interactions had a significant influence on photosynthetic physiology index of flue-cured tobacco. With 70% natural light intensity (in this experiment), proper application of nitrogen (N2, 3.5 g/pot in this experiment) could improve the degree of utilization of light energy and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco.

    Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium both Involved in the Jasmonic Acid Induced Calcium Mobilization in Arabidopsis thaliana
    SUN Qing-peng,YU Yong-kun,WAN Shan-xia,ZHAO Fu-kuan,HAO Yu-lan
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  942-948 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.007
    Abstract ( 925 )   PDF (637KB) ( 890 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the role of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM) in JA signaling. 【Method】 The Laser Scanning Microscopy was used to detect the changes of [Ca2+]cyt of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells which pretreated with different types of calcium channel blocker. Moreover, the expression of JA response gene, VSP, was also investigated after pretreated with the above blocker and antagonist of CaM. 【Result】 The results showed that extracellular and intracellular calcium both involved in the JA induced Ca2+ mobilization, and then Ca2+ exerts its functions through activating the CaM or CaM related proteins. 【Conclusion】 The apoplast calcium influx and the calcium release from the calcium stores are both involved in the JA induced calcium mobilization, then the JA induced Ca2+ transmits the JA signal through CaM or CaM related proteins, and regulate the JA responsive genes.

    PLANT PROTECTION
    The Role of Apoplastic Hydrogen Peroxide and Lignin Accumulation in the Systemic Resistance of Rice to Bacterial Blight Induced by Nickel
    WANG Hai-hua,TAN Xin-zhong,PENG Xi-xu,HU Yao-jun,TANG Xin-ke,ZHOU Ping-lan,FENG Tao
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  949-956 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.008
    Abstract ( 1080 )   PDF (344KB) ( 669 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Apoplast in plants acts as the structural and physiological barrier against pathogen attacks. In present paper, the role of apoplastic responses in the systemic resistance of rice seedlings to bacterial blight induced by nickel were investigated so as to explore the physiological mechanisms involved in the cross-resistance to pathogens and heavy metals. 【Method】 The second leaf and its lower parts of three-leaf stage rice seedlings were sprayed with nitrate nickel at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol L-1. The untreated third leaf was inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) 3 d after spraying, and the disease symptoms were evaluated 12 d after inoculation. The activities of apoplastic guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), NADH-POD, diamine oxidase (DAO) and the contents of H2O2 and lignin were determined in the third leaves of seedlings treated with 2.0 mmol L-1 nickel or/and inoculated with Xoo. 【Result】 The systemic resistance of seedlings to bacterial blight was induced by nickel. The best induction effect occurred at 2.0 mmol L-1 nickel. Nickel not only led to the enhancement in the activities of G-POD and NADH-POD, which are present in apoplastic water fluid (AWF) and are associated with cell wall, but also the enhancement in DAO activity in AWF. Concurrently, a rapid increase in apoplastic H2O2 level and a significant increase in lignin content were also observed in treatment with nickel. On the other hand, the parameters mentioned above in the nickel-induced and Xoo-inoculated seedlings were always higher than those in the non-induced but Xoo-inoculated ones. Additionally, NaN3, an inhibitor of PODs mediating in apoplastic H2O2 formation, compromised the H2O2 accumulation and systemic resistance against bacterial blight induced by nickel. However, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, exerted no effects on them. 【Conclusion】 The results suggest that the increase in the activities of NADH-POD and DAO contributes to the production of apoplastic H2O2 induced by nickel, and the rapid enhancement in apoplastic H2O2 level and lignin accumulation in cell wall may be involved in the systemic resistance to bacterial blight induced by nickel.

    Effects of Several Plants Extracts on the Activatity of TMV in Vitro and Ultrastructure of Tobacco Leaves
    LIU Hua-shan,BAI Hai-qun,HAN Jin-feng,MENG Fan-ting,ZHU Da-heng,FAN Yi-kuan,LI Jing-xin,LI Wei-guan,CHEN Qi-long
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  957-964 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.009
    Abstract ( 886 )   PDF (1766KB) ( 1027 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a kind of plant disease, it affects the leaf tobacco output and quality. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus with agents of plant origin. 【Method】 Active substances were extracted from Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb.and Nelumbo nucifera Garetn. and compounds with constitutes of many plants were prepared by water and ethanol. The plant extracts were mixed with equivalent TMV and the inactivation effects of plant extracts on TMV in vitro, and the plant extracts were sprayed on tobacco leaves with TMV for observing the changes of ultrastructure of tobacco leaves. 【Result】 The shape of TMV was rigid and rod-shaped, but the destruction and the break or condenses were different after mixing equivalent plant extracts as the difference in action time and the difference in plant extracts from different species of plants. There were many TMV particles and crystalls in cells of tobacco leaves with TMV, and the chloroplast was swell and the ectoplasm of chloroplast ruptured, and the grana lamella was disorderly and disassembled, the cell organ disappeard and the cell was vacuolated. The systemic symptoms were alleviated after treatment. The effects of plant extracts on the inactivation of TMV in vitro were significant: 50.77%-60.61% (Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb.), 73.39%-85.10% (Nelumbo mucifere Garetn.), and 91.30%-92.13% (compound preparation), respectively. In field the control and curative effects of the compound preparation on TMV were 71.02%-81.9%. 【Conclusion】 Plant extracts have obvious damage effects on TMV, so, it can reduce the harm of TMV to tobacco.

    Field Evaluation of Suppressive Effect of Different Rice Varieties on Weeds in Paddy Field
    LI Gui,WU Jing-lun,WANG Yi-zhuan,LIU Li-ping
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  965-971 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.010
    Abstract ( 863 )   PDF (224KB) ( 769 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Field experiments were conducted to screen out rice varieties with higher suppressive ability against weeds, and to explore the ecological weed management technics based on ecological relationship of rice and weeds. 【Method】Biological community of rice and weeds including barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv], sedge and broad leaved weeds were established, and the suppressive effect of different rice cultivars on weeds were analyzed quantitatively. 【Result】Liangyouhua 6 demonstrated suppressive effect on barnyardgrass, sedge and broad leaved weeds soon after rice transplanting. The suppressive effects of most tested rice varieties on barnyardgrass germination and dry weight were 79.14%-88.84% and 84.44%-90.23%, respectively, while the effects on broad leaved weeds were quite different at the time of 50d after rice transplanting. The suppressive effects on the weed germination, development and biomass accumulation mediated by Liangyouhua 6, Liangyou 932, and PI312777 were excellent compared with other rice cultivars, the effects were above 80% and 85%-90%, respectively. The same tendency was found in the suppressive effect on dry weight of total weeds and those on dry weight of barnyardgrass among the tested rice cultivars. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible and significant to screen out rice varieties with higher suppressive ability against weeds. Planting of the rice cultivars with suppressive traits such as strong tilling ability, fast growing and optimal population performance could improve ecological weed management in paddy field.

    Study on Mutations in ALS of Resistance to Tribenuron-Methyl in Galium aparine L.
    SUN Jian,WANG Jin-xin,ZHANG Hong-jun,LIU Jun-liang,BIAN Sheng-nan
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  972-977 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.011
    Abstract ( 1059 )   PDF (388KB) ( 819 )   Save
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    【Objective】 In recent years, Galium aparine L. in most winter wheat fields in China could not be controlled by tribenuron-methyl. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase (ALS) in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. 【Method】 Fragments encoding the ALS were amplified and cloned from G. aparine, susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes to tribenuron-methyl, respectively, and sequenced subsequently. 【Result】 The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of R-biotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp574 (TGG) to Gly (GGG) located in the highly conserved region Domain B. 【Conclusion】 The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.

    SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
    Effect of Potassium Nutrition on Yield Formation, Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Lotus
    LIU Dong-bi,CHEN Fang,XIONG Gui-yun,BA Rui-xian,ZHANG Fu-lin,ZHANG Ji-ming,YÜ,Yan-feng
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  978-985 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.012
    Abstract ( 997 )   PDF (279KB) ( 891 )   Save
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    【Objective】 In order to understand the effect of potassium nutrition on yield formation of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.), the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in lotus was investigated in the study. 【Method】The study was carried out by a pot experiment supplied with two K levels (-K: 0.0 and +K: 0.45 g•kg-1) in a whole lotus growth duration. 【Result】 Results showed that dry matter accumulations (DMA) in both leaves and petioles were significantly higher in +K treatment than in -K treatment 76 d after transplanting, which began to decrease when the swollen stem was developed about 97 d. At the earlier stage of the swollen stem development, the DMA of the swollen stem in +K treatment was lower than that in -K treatment. However, it increased quickly begun from the 97th d after transplanting, and was significantly higher than that in -K treatment at the 139th d. DMA of the swollen stem for both K treatments turned to be stable after 160 d, indicating the maturity of the swollen stem. At that period, the DMA was 1 204 gplant-1 in +K treatment, which was 19.7% higher than that at -K treatment. During the critical period of the yield formation (97 d-160 d), the accumulations of N, P and K in swollen stem was 32.8%, 10.3% and 74.2% higher than that in -K treatment, respectively. Among the accumulated nutrients, the proportion of N, P and K transported from other organs to swollen stem in +K treatment was 1.20, 0.12 and 1.26 g/plant higher than that in -K treatment, respectively, and the directly absorbed N, P and K from the soil by root system in +K treatment was 2.16, 0.04 and 5.70 g/plant higher than that in -K treatment, respectively. The ratio of N, P and K accumulated in the swollen stem was 1﹕0.14﹕0.90 in -K treatment, and 1﹕0.13﹕1.31 in +K treatment. 【Conclusion】Application of potassium fertilizer could improve dry matter production and accumulation of lotus, uptake and translocation of N, P and K in swollen stems, which results finally in an increase in yield.

    Study on the Characteristics of a Strain of Penicillium sp. With the Capacity of Heterotrophic Ammonium Oxidation
    YU Qi-lin,CHEN Xu,HUANG Ming-yuan,LU Zi-jia,PAN Hong,WANG Li-qun
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  986-992 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.013
    Abstract ( 1004 )   PDF (394KB) ( 667 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the characteristics of a strain (M25-22) of Penicillium sp. with the capacity of heterotrophic ammonium oxidation isolated from chicken feces compost, and to provide scientific references for its application in aerobic composting. 【Method】 Media with ammonium salt as the sole nitrogen source was used to determine the heterotrophic ammonium oxidation activity of the strain. Some environmental factors, such as compositions of carbon and nitrogen sources, concentrations of sucrose and ammonium nitrogen, initial pH and culture temperature, were adjusted to gain better insight into the effects of them on ammonium oxidation by the strain. 【Result】 In media containing (NH4)2SO4 at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL, mycelium weight and utilization ratio of ammonium nitrogen increased markedly during the first 5 days; nitrate concentration increased markedly from the 3rd to 5th day, and remained constant thereafter; nitrite concentration remained at a low level. The strain showed an ability to oxidize ammonium nitrogen growing in media containing glucose, sucrose, starch or cellulose as the sole carbon source, and to oxidize the negative trivalent nitrogen of ammonium sulfate, peptone, acetamide, urea or L-aspartate. Slowly available carbon or nitrogen sources, such as starch, cellulose and peptone, were beneficial to ammonium oxidation by the strain. In media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source and ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source, nitrate formation was the most pronounced with sucrose present at a concentration of 12 g•L-1 and ammonium nitrogen present at a concentration of 2.438 mg•mL-1, at the initial pH level of 7.5 and at 30℃. 【Conclusion】 There is an inorganic nitrogen nitrification pathway of bacteria in the strain. Ammonium oxidation by the strain is involved in secondary metabolism. The strain is capable of oxidizing a variety of reduced nitrogen with different carbon sources, and has an enormous capacity for ammonium oxidation at high concentrations of organic substance and ammonium nitrogen. It is indicated that the strain has an expansive application prospect in aerobic composting of solid waste.

    HORTICULTURE
    Mapping of Recessive Genic Male Sterile Restoring Gene (BrMf2) in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis
    ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Shu-jiang,WU Jian,LI Fei,ZHANG Shi-fan,WANG Xiao-wu,ZHANG Xin-mei,SUN Ri-fei
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  993-999 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.014
    Abstract ( 928 )   PDF (502KB) ( 607 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) is one of the important methods for F1 seeds production in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Identification of molecular markers linked to RGMS restoring gene not only can accelerate breeding programs, but also can provide information for cloning of RGMS gene by mapping this gene on the corresponding chromosome. 【Methods】 A segregating population was developed from a cross between a male sterile line 939A and a fertile line YQD56A. SRAP and SRAP-AFLP techniques and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) were used to screen markers linked to the RGMS restoring gene. 【Result】 Among the 1 256 primer combinations, only PM8/K4 and Me2/M49 showed polymorphism between bulks of male sterile and fertile. The polymorphic bands were named as PM8K4 and Me2M49. The distance of PM8K4 and Me2M49 was 2.98 cM and 10.92 cM, respectively. PM8K4 was subsequently mapped on linkage group A8 (Chr9) using a doubled-haploid mapping population. 【Conclusion】 The SRAP and SRAP-AFLP markers developed here can be used in breeding programs for Chinese cabbage.

    Influence of Garlic Continuous Cropping on Rhizosphere Soil Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities
    LIU Su-hui,LIU Shi-qi,ZHANG Zi-kun,WEI Hui,QI Jian-jian,DUAN Ji-feng
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1000-1006 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.015
    Abstract ( 1132 )   PDF (320KB) ( 1464 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of garlic continuous cropping on rhizosphere soil microbial and enzyme activities. 【Method】 With the soils cropped garlic for 0(control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 years as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of garlic continuous cropping on rhizosphere soil microbial and enzyme activities. 【Result】 With the increasing of continuous cropping years, fungi number in rhizosphere soil increased gradually, the number of 20 years continuous cropping was 2.88 times higher, but the number of other microorganisms and the enzyme activities in the garlic rhizosphere soil were increased at the short-term (5-10 years) continuous cropping. The quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes were increased by 8.72% and 25.81%, respectively, and in the meantime, the ammonifier, nitrifying bacteria, and aromatic compounds-degrading bacteria increased by 5.63, 11.60 and 3.35 times. The root exudates of successively cropped garlic for 10 years increased the activities of catalase, polyhenoloxidase, urease, phosphatase and sucrase in rhizosphere soil by 26.67%, 41.67%, 203.13%, 23.73% and 43.65%, respectively, but long-term (15-20 years) continuous cropping showed a downward trend. Correlation coefficients between ammonifying bacteria and urease, polyphenol oxidase, bacteria and phosphatase, total microbe quantity were significant at 0.05 levels, and correlation coefficients between aromatic decomposing bacteria and urease, catalase, phosphatase and total microbe quantity were significant at 0.01 levels. 【Conclusion】 The balance of rhizosphere soil microbial flora was destroyed and the enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil decreased in a long period of time (from 15 to 20 years), the obstacles of continuous cropping were obvious.

    The Dynamic Response of Arthropod Community Diversity to the Treatments of Intercropping Aromatic Plants in Pear Orchard

    HU Jing-hui,WANG Mei-chao,KONG Yun,YAO Yun-cong,WEI Wei,SONG Bei-zhou,LI Zhen-ru
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1007-1016 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.016
    Abstract ( 919 )   PDF (405KB) ( 548 )   Save
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    【Objective】 This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the dynamic response of arthropod community diversity in pear orchard. 【Method】 By indagating species and quantity of arthropod of 5 experimental treatments, including intercropping Ocimum basilicum plot, Tagetes patula L. plot, Saturela hortensis L. plot were selected as experimental treatments, natural grass plot and clean tillage plot were selected as control, the dynamic response of arthropod community diversity in the different intercropping plots were analyzed systematically. 【Result】 The results showed that under the conditions of intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard, the changing trend of numbers of species and species richness of arthropod community of the 5 experimental treatments was rapidly ascending to relatively stable to slowly declining, the trend of diversity index of arthropod community was rapidly ascending to declining to ascending to relatively stable to slowly declining, the trend of evenness index was slowly declining to rapidly declining to rapidly ascending to relatively stable to slowly ascending, the trend of dominance index was slowly ascending to rapidly declining to rapidly ascending to relatively stable to slowly ascending. The changing trends of the 5 experimental treatments were different in the phenophase of pear trees, especially at young fruit stage and fruit expanding stage of pear trees. Dynamic response of the diversity indexes of arthropod of pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were different at various developmental stages of pear trees, and the change of the diversity index of arthropod of natural enemy sub-community followed obviously the change of the pest sub-community. Compared with the control, intercropping aromatic plants significantly inhibited the number of pests and increased the number of nature enemy of the three treatment plots at young fruit stage and fruit expanding stage of pear trees. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, there were obvious effects on community composition and diversity dynamic response of arthropod community, pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community by intercropping the 3 aromatic plants Ocimum basilicum L., Tagetes patula L., Saturela hortensis L.

    STORAGE·FRESH-KEEPING·PROCESSING
    Analysis on Quality Properties of Product Evaluation Extruded from Whole Oat Flour
    NING Geng-zhe,WEI Yi-min,ZHANG Bo,SHI Jun-ling,HU Xin-zhong,ZHANG Bing-hu
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1017-1022 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.017
    Abstract ( 872 )   PDF (319KB) ( 720 )   Save
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    【Objective】To compare relative importance of quality properties of expansion products extruded from whole oat flour, and found the quality evaluation indexes system. 【Method】 The quality properties of samples obtained from the single factor experiments were studied by descriptive analysis, correlation and factor analysis to study the variance, correlation, and put weights on main quality properties. 【Result】 Based on the descriptive analysis, the coefficient of variation (CV) of quality properties, such as a*, crispness, hardness, water solubility index (WSI) and expansion ratio were more than 5.00%. Based on the correlation analysis, at least one index whose CV were less than 5.00% had significant correlation with those whose CV were more than 5.00%. Based on the factor analysis, the variance contribution of expansion ratio, a*, crispness,and hardness were 20.21%, 24.21%, 25.77% and 24.56%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Main quality properties of evaluating extruded expansion products from whole oat flour were expansion ratio, a*, crispness and hardness, and corresponding weight of main quality properties were 21%, 26%, 27% and 26%.

    Application of DNA Molecular Markers in Genetic Diversities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
    PEI Ying-fang,LIU Yan-lin
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1023-1030 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.018
    Abstract ( 935 )   PDF (290KB) ( 1305 )   Save
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    The basic principles of the methods concerning five DNA molecular markers including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA-RFLP), microsatellite DNA, interdelta fingerprinting and mtDNA COX1 gene fingerprinting were introduced in this paper,including illustration of both the advantages and the disadvantages of each method. Besides, the application and prospect of these DNA molecular markers in differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were discussed and reviewed.

    Technologic Research on Transforming Calcium Carbonate in Eggshell to Calcium Citrate
    ZENG Xi,MA Mei-hu
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1031-1040 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.019
    Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (381KB) ( 1232 )   Save
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    【Objective】Organic acid, which it’s acidity is between the carbonic acid and citric acid, reacted on eggshell calcium, and the calcium organic acids were produced. Then let it react on citric acid and the calcium citrate can be replaced.【Method】 Organic acid was screened in the experiment, then the acetic acid was chosen as an organic acid. The influencing factors during the process of experiment were studied, then the first-rank conditions for techniques were gained. The experiment adopted a design of ternary operator--regression, median and circumgyrating--in quadratic to optimize the techniques, and then purification of products was made. 【Result】 After optimization, the first-rank techniques possessed 5 characters: eggshell mix was 30% more than the normal, the ratio between solid and liquid was 1:19.8. the powder of eggshell reacted on acetic acid under 25.4℃ and lasted for 3.5 hours, citric acid reacted on acetic calcium under 50℃ and lasted for 3 hours, citric acid mix was 25.4% less than the normal. 【Conclusion】 Under the first-rank techniques condition after optimization, the experiment on making use of eggshell to manufacture calcium citrate has a yield of 86.2% and after purification, the yield reaches 85.4% and the purity reaches 99% or more.

    Research on Irradiation Degradation and Products Characteristics of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin
    ZHANG Qing-fang,WANG Feng,HA Yi-ming
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1041-1049 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.020
    Abstract ( 1152 )   PDF (453KB) ( 932 )   Save
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    【Objective】 In order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for application of radiation technology in controlling pesticide in food, the irradiation degradation effect and radiolysis products toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were studied. 【Method】 By irradiating chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin water-solution at the doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 kGy, the irradiation degradation effect was studied. 【Result】 The chlorpyrifos degradation rate was 98% at the dose of 4 kGy; the cypermethrin degradation rate was 84% at the dose of 12 kGy. Four main radiolysis products of chlorpyrifos and two main radiolysis products of cypermethrin were determined by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis method. 【Conclusion】 Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in aqueous solution can be removed by irradiation. One of the radiolysis products of chlorpyrifos is similar to the degradation products of environmental water. The toxicity of sulfotepp is a little higher than chlorpyrifos. One of the radiolysis products of cypermethrin is its synthetical midbody. One of the radiolysis products of cypermethrin is phenoxy-benzaidehyde which is the same with the degradation products of catabolic enzymes, and its toxicity is lower than cypermethrin. The toxicity of phenoxy-benzacetonitril is lower than cypermethrin , too.

    ANIMAL SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT
    Effect of Melamine on the Laying Performance, Serum Parameters and Liver, Kidney Tissue Structure of Ducks
    GAO Chun-qi,WU Shu-geng,QI Guang-hai,YUE Hong-yuan,ZHANG Hai-jun,LIU Fu-zhu
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1050-1056 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.021
    Abstract ( 874 )   PDF (490KB) ( 849 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary melamine (MEL) supplementation on the performance, serum parameters and tissue structure of Jinding laying ducks in order to provide a scientific basis for establishment of MEL limit standard in the feed of laying ducks. 【Method】 Six hundred and fourty-eight Jinding laying ducks of 19 weeks old were randomly divided into 6 groups, each of which was replicated 6 times with 18 ducks per replicate. Birds in different replicates had similar average egg weight (1.66±0.16kg) and egg production (75.15±3.29%). 【Result】 The results showed that feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by dietary MEL supplementation (P>0.05), but the egg weight and egg production tended to be decreased with melamine supplementation levels in the diets (P>0.05);Dietary MEL supplementation increased urea nitrogen (BUN) level and kidney index significantly (P<0.05). Blood creatinine (CRE) and alanine transaminase (ALT) tended to increase with the increasing of dietary MEL addition. Dietary MEL supplementation resulted in toxic effects on the kidney. The higher dosage of MEL in the diet, the more injury to the kidney. Dietary MEL addition also produced minor injury to the liver. 【Conclusion】 Dietary MEL supplementation could cause various injuries to the kidney and liver while no obvious effect on performance of laying ducks. Serum BUN and kidney index can be used as a sensitive index to reflect the toxicity of MEL on laying ducks.

    Genetic Polymorphisms Within the Coding Regions of IL8R Gene and Its Association with Mastitis Trait in Chinese Holstein Cattle
    GUAN Jiu-qiang,WANG Hong-mei,WANG Chang-fa,LI Qiu-ling,Li Jian-bin,SHUAI Su-rong,HOU Ming-hai,ZHONG Ji-feng
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1057-1065 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.022
    Abstract ( 1086 )   PDF (684KB) ( 752 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Through the method of genetic breeding to improve the mastitis resistance and reduce its incidence, and find the candidate genes associated with mastitis. 【Method】 The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the coding regions of IL8RA and IL8RB genes in Holstein cattle were investigated by nested-PCR, DNA sequencing and CRS-PCR. The PHASE and SHEsis software was used as matching chain disequilibrium and haplotype analysis, respectively. 【Result】 Eight SNPs not linking were found, in which five SNPs were 980(G/A), 995(G/A), 1008(C/T) of IL8RA and 938(C/T), 959(C/T) of IL8RB were reported for the first time. Haplotype analysis of IL8RA and IL8RB genes showed that fifteen haplotypes frequencies more than 0.01. The assocaition analysis of SNPs with the Chinese Holstein cattle somatic cell score (SCS) and milk yield showed that: 735(C/G), 816(C/A), and 819(A/G) loci of IL8RA gene had related with the SCS and milk yield, the C, C, G alleles of 735(C/G), 816(C/A), and 819(A/G) sites in IL8RA and T allele of 938(C/T), 959(C/T) locus in IL8RB gene were excellent allele with lower SCS, higher milk yield. In addition, the SCS of CCGAAC haplotype homozygous in IL8RA gene individuals was significantly lower than that CAGGGT and GCAGGC haplotype homozygous individuals (P<0.01), while the 305 d milk yield was significantly higher than the other two haplotype. The SCS of haplotype CT homozygous individuals in IL8RB gene was significantly lower than CC, TC and TT haplotype individuals, while the 305 d milk yield of haplotype CT homozygous individuals was significantly higher than the other three haplotype individuals. 【Conclusion】 The haplotypes CCGAAC and CT of IL8RA and IL8RB gene are excellent haplotypes in the SCS and milk production quantity and can be used as selection markers of remastitis.

    VETERINARY SCIENCE
    Effects of Electroacupuncture Anesthesia Combined with Xylidinothiazoline on Pain Threshold and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Goats
    WANG Gui-bo,DING Ming-xing,GUO Ni-ni,ZHUO Guo-rong,ZHANG Qian-qian,GUO Cheng
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1066-1074 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.023
    Abstract ( 1088 )   PDF (312KB) ( 759 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The physiological and biochemical effect of electroacupuncture anesthesia combined with xylidinothiazoline in goats was studied in this paper. 【Method】 Thirty adult hybrid goats, weighting 22-27 kg, were divided into 0.5 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group, 2 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group, electroacupuncture combined with 0.5 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group, electroacupuncture group and control group. Each group had six goats, which were equally divided between male and female. At 0, 5, 25, 45, 65 and 85 min after the goats were gaven injection of xylidinothiazoline (0.5 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group and 2 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group) or at 0, 25, 45, 65, 85 and 105 min after the goats were subjected to electroacupuncture (electroacupuncture group or electroacupuncture combined with 0.5 mg•kg-1 xylidinothiazoline group) the iontophoresis of potassium was used to observe the pain threshold. At the same time, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature and other physiological indicators were observed. Before the experiment and at 1.5, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after the experiment, the goat serum was collected for measuring alamine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and concentrations of urea, blood sugar and cortisol. 【Result】 The pain threshold of goats underwent electroacupuncture plus xylidinothiazoline at 0.5 mg•kg-1 was higher than that of goats administered xylidinothiazoline at 0.5 mg•kg-1 or goats received electro-acupuncture alone (P<0.05), and had no significant difference from that of goats given xylidinothiazoline at 2 mg•kg-1 (P>0.05). Respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and concentrations of serous glucose, urea and cortisol in goats that received electroacupuncture combined with xylidinothiazoline at 0.5 mg•kg-1 were not different (P>0.05) from those in the control goats, while aspartate aminotransferase activity, and concentrations of glucose, urea and cortisol in goats given xylidinothiazoline at 0.5 mg•kg-1 or 2 mg•kg-1 alone were different (P<0.05) from those in the controls. Electroacupuncture plus xylidinothiazoline at 0.5 mg•kg-1 affected heart rate, body temperature and alamine aminotransferase activity less than (P<0.05) xylidinothiazoline administration at 0.5 mg•kg-1 or 2 mg•kg-1 alone did. 【Conclusion】 Electroacupuncture combined with xylidinothiazoline is better for goat anesthesia and has small interference to the goat physiological and biochemical indicators.

    Ultrastructural Investigation on Nerve Tract and Blood-Nerve Barrier of Intestinal Nerve of Remak in Chicken
    LIU Jin-xiong,WANG Jiang,YANG Ping,FENG Ya-mei,XU Chun-sheng,BAO Hui-jun,CHEN Qiu-sheng
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1075-1082 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.024
    Abstract ( 905 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 630 )   Save
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    【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to detect the morphological feature, fine structure of nerve tract and blood-nerve barrier of the intestinal nerve of Remak (INR). 【Method】 INR of chicken was examined by the transmission electron microscopy. 【Result】Results showed that INR was divided by the perineurium into many nerve tracts. Unmyelinated nerve fibers dominated in number in each nerve tract although there were both myelinated and unmyevinated nerve fibers there. Schwann’s cells were related to the development and structure of the two fiber types. Each nerve tract was surrounded by the perineural cell with long and thin processus. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion and Golgi complex were developed and the euchromatin was dominated in the nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus in the perineural cell, which indicated that the perineural cell engaged in active protein synthesis and secretion. Although the ENS in intestinal wall lacks blood-nerve barrier, there were the barriers in the INR, which consisted of tight capillary and surrounding layers of the perineural cells. Pinocytotic vesicles developed on surface of the perineural cell, whereas special cell junctions between the cells were not seen, which suggested that the blood-nerve barrier of the INR in chickens was not closer than that of peripheral nerve system in mammals. 【Conclusion】 All the results above revealed that the cytological natures of the INR in the chicken were special, which is different from either the ENS in the intestinal wall or the peripheral nerve.

    RESEARCH NOTES
    A Preliminary Analysis of Genes Related to Signal Transduction During Dedifferentiation of Mature Embryo in Wheat
    CHEN Jun-ying,ZHANG Yan-min,LI Ming-jie,MA Ping-an,CUI Yan,CHEN Xin-jian
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1083-1092 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.025
    Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (531KB) ( 703 )   Save
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    【Objective】 To study the expression profiles of genes related to signal transduction in the mature wheat embryo dedifferentiation to elucidate the molecular mechanism of dedifferentiation. 【Method】 Expression profile of genes in dedifferentiation was studied using Affymetrix microarray technique in mature embryos of wheat cultivar Yumai 18 cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg•L-1 of 2, 4-dichlorophenolxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) at different time points. Their expression information was processed using online tools at NCBI, DATF, and DRTF websites. The expression changes of 13 genes, i.e., AF161719.1, BE492852, BJ218430, BJ252470, BJ272518, BJ274015, CA616149, CD896892, CK153462, CK207725, CK171662. CD901339, and U48692.1, were varified using semi- quantative RT-PCR technique. 【Result】 Forty-six genes related to signal transduction changed at least at one time point were detected including 32 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated genes during the whole period. They were calcium, serine/threonine protein kinase, casein kinase, protein kinase, 14-3-3 protein, mitogen activated protein kinase. Expression of some genes were confirmed to be consistant with the results of affymetrix microarray. 【Conclusion】 CA613597, CA674315, BJ274015, CA654806, CD901339, CK198900, CA697195, CA642143, CA744550, and AB011670.1 might play an important role in triggering and promoting dedifferentiation of mature embryo in wheat.

    Study on the Classification on Pomegranate Cultivars by Numerical Taxonomy

    WANG Xiao-fei,ZHOU Yun-feng,HUANG Pu,XIANG Qi-bai,YOU Chuan-kai,SUN Long
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(5):  1093-1098 .  doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.05.026
    Abstract ( 968 )   PDF (254KB) ( 1553 )   Save
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    【Objective】 Assessing the genetic diversity by morphological traits and analyzing the genetic relationships among pomegranate cultivars in order to provide essential information for the classification by morphological traits and the exploration and utilization of pomegranate cultivars. 【Method】 Based on the observation and records of the genetic relationship of 62 pomegranate cultivars, 28 characteristics were studied by means of numerical taxonomic method and cluster analysis was carried out using within-groups linkage and UPGMA method. 【Result】 The method of within-groups linkage and UPGMA could also support the cultivars with nearer relatives come together. Using the method of within-groups linkage, the pomegranate cultivars classification could be divided into three groups, such as Danban group and Fuban group, Chongban group, Chong’e group; Using the method of UPGMA, the cultivars also could be divided into Danban group, Chongban group, Chong’e group, but a tiny number of cultivars appeared among the three groups, and the two methods could both support the relative near species of species to come together. When UPGMA method was used to cluster 62 cultivars, it was found that the flower color was an extremely important character, which supported that the flower color, plant height, petal were the important standards of classification of morphology. 【Conclusion】 Numerical taxonomic method applied to classification of pomegranate cultivars is basically consistent with the classification by morphological traits, and can support the morphological classification, in the meantime, the variety relationship can be showed, and the flower color, plant height, petal play important roles in clustering analysis.