Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Progress in the Application Study of Cre/loxP Site-Specific Recombination System in Plants#br#

SUN Jia-li,YAN Xiao-hong,WANG Li-jun,WEI Wen-hui

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1099-1107 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.001

Abstract ( 912 )

PDF (359KB) ( 1820 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

The Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system has been widely applied to gene recombination in plants, and it has become a powerful tool to enhance the safety of transgenic plants. The present review describes an overview of the basic profile of Cre/loxP system and its applications in the construction of plant expression vector, especially in gene deletion, site-specific gene integration, multi-gene expression and heterosis application.

Advances in Research of Molecular Genetics of puroindoline and Its Related Genes in Wheat#br#

CHEN Feng,DONG Zhong-dong,CHENG Xi-yong,ZHAN Ke-hui,XU Hai-xia,CUI Dang-qun

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1108-1116 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.002

Abstract ( 913 )

PDF (363KB) ( 977 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

Grain texture is one of the characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and has an important influence on wheat milling and processing quality. Puroindoline gene, mainly controlling grain texture of bread wheat, locates on the short arm of dismal 5D chromosome and is divided into Pina and Pinb genes tightly linking together. Pina and Pinb with the coding sequence of 447 bp have no any intron and form the basis of molecular genetics of grain texture in bread wheat. Up to now, lots of haplotypes of Pina and Pinb genes have been identified in bread wheat and Aegilops tauschii. Of them, Pina-D1b allele with hardest grain texture among the known haplotypes has been found to possess a large 15 380 bp deletion beginning after nt 23 inside of Pina coding sequence in comparison with the wild type. Besides the obvious influence on grain texture, puroindoline gene plays a significant role on other aspects of wheat quality so that some Pina and Pinb alleles have significantly different quality characteristics, e.g. Pinb-D1b have slightly superior quality of steamed bread, pan bread and Chinese noodles to Pina-D1b. Gsp-1 gene tightly linking with Pina and Pinb possesses more haplotypes than puroindoline genes while has no significant effect on grain texture according to lots of reports so far. Pinb-2v genes with approximate 70% identity to Pinb gene at the DNA level have been found to possess four variants very recently that locate on 7A, 7B and 7D chromosome, respectively, which play a minor role in controlling grain texture. This study has further provided useful information on understanding the molecular basis of grain texture and Chinese wheat improvement.

Cloning and Characterization of COMT Genes from Gossypium hirsuturm L. #br#

NI Zhi-yong,LÜ,Meng,LI Bo,WANG Juan,BAI Yan,FAN Ling

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1117-1126 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.003

Abstract ( 904 )

PDF (1337KB) ( 821 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In this study, full-length cDNA of a key enzyme genes GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 related to lignin metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsuturm L.) were isolated. Analysis of the expression of GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 genes in different tissues of cotton was carried out and the genes were also expressed in the prokaryote. 【Method】 According to the results of cotton fibre preferentially expressed cDNA library analysis, the primers of EST sequence were designed. RT-PCR method was used to clone GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 genes, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the obtained cDNAs sequence and the amino acid sequences were deduced. The expression of GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 genes in different tissues of cotton was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The full-length open reading frames were fused into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a, and then introduced into E.coli BL21（DE3）cells. 【Result】 Three genes coding for COMT, designated as GhCOMT1 (GenBank accession no.FJ479708), GhCOMT2 (GenBank accession no.FJ479709) and GhCOMT3 (GenBank accession no.FJ848869) were isolated from the developing cotton fibres. GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 contain open reading frames of 1 101 bp, 1 098 bp and 1 071 bp encoding proteins of 366, 365 and 356 amino acid residues, respectively. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that GhCOMT1, GhCOMT2 and GhCOMT3 were differentially expressed in different tissues, and GhCOMT1 and GhCOMT2 mRNA accumulated most abundantly in root, GhCOMT3 was highly expressed in stem. Analysis of SDS-PAGE indicated that the highest expression quantity of the three proteins were induced by 0.2 mmol•L-1 IPTG treatment for 6 h at 37℃. 【Conclusion】 This paper reported the isolation and characterization of three COMT cDNAs clones involved in the lignin biosynthesis of cotton plants. Furthermore, the structure and function of these genes were analyzed and predicted.

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability from Mature Embryo in Different Rice Cultivars#br#

YAN Li-na,LI Xia,WU Dan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1127-1135 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.004

Abstract ( 1186 )

PDF (246KB) ( 1155 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the regeneration technology of extensive adaptability of different rice varieties mature embryos. 【Method】 The mature embryos of different production types of rice were used as explants and the manifestations of tissue culture ability were studied comparatively, including callus induction frequency of mature embryo, differentiation rate and regeneration rate of 9 kinds of Japonica, 9 kinds of indica and 11 kinds of new cultivating super hybrid rice of two line or three line or superiority combinations in different media. 【Result】 When M8 was used as a basic medium, and 30 g•L-1 sucrose, 8 g•L-1 agar and 2 mg•L-1 2,4-D were added, single addition of cytokinin at lower concentration (0.3 mg•L-1 6-BA) in induction medium obtained higher callus induction frequency in Japonica between 61.7% and 89.2%. Based on addition of the two cytokinins (2 mg•L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg•L-1 KT), further addition of 1 mg•L-1 NAA, the callus induction frequency of indica was improved obviously, between 9.1% and 100%. The callus induction frequency of 11 kinds of super hybrid rice were higher between 40% and 86.3% when addition of 1 mg•L-1 6-BA and 1 mg•L-1 KT, the cytokinins required by japonica and indica. On this basis adding 0.5 mg•L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg•L-1 6-BA (japonica), or 0.2 mg•L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg•L-1 6-BA (indica and hybrid rice) in the MS differentiation medium, the regeneration rates of plants reached 59.5%-9.2% (japonica), 87.5%-3.6% (indica), and 43.2%-17.2% (hybrid rice), respectively.【Conclusion】 The regeneration technology for higher frequency of the same type of rice varieties mature embryos was established preliminarily.

Assessment of Limiting Factors and Techniques Prioritization for Maize Production in China#br#

WANG Chong-tao,LI Shao-kun

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1136-1146 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.005

Abstract ( 990 )

PDF (282KB) ( 864 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The aim of this paper was to identify the main limiting factors for realization of maize yield potential and propose the priorities in development of maize production techniques. 【Method】 The limiting factors to maize production in China including potential physical, biological, and institutional factors were summarized through participatory rural appraisal surveys in 13 maize production provinces and three major maize regions in China. Based on the evaluations of influence magnitude and possibility of solution, the priority list for techniques in maize production was obtained. 【Result】 The top first limiting factor was technical problem related to maize cultivation, such as poor tillage management, extensive cultivation, unfavorable fertilization, nonstandard field management during maize growth, and low rate for technique access, resulting in 28.8%-57.7% of yield loss in various maize regions. The second factor was natural stress, especially drought stress, which caused yield loss by 9.3%-35.1%. The third factor, responsible for 11.4%-19.8% of yield loss, was deficiency of staple cultivars for different eco-regions and the technique systems combined with corresponding cultivars. The seed quality was also involved in the third factor. The fourth factor was represented by soil problems, including serious soil erosion, shallow topsoil, and lean soil. Their influence on maize yield was estimated by 4.8%-20.2%. The last limiting factor was pest (disease, insect, rat, and weed, etc.) damage, which caused 4.5%-11.0% of yield loss. 【Conclusion】Therefore, the technique priorities for policy-markers were suggested as labor-saving cultivation techniques; following by high-yielding cultivars with good quality and multiple resistances to bio- and abio-stresses, adaptation to high-density, as well as identification of staple cultivars in various maize regions; mechanization of maize production;and technique popularization in farmers and effect of the techniques used by farmers.

Molecular Detection and Resistance Evaluation of 59 Cultivars from the Northwest of the United States to Chinese Stripe Rust Races #br#

BAI Yu-lu,SUN Quan,ZHANG Chun-yu,CUI Na,LIN Feng,XU Shi-chang,ZHANG Zhen-yu,GAO Yang,XU Xiao-dan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1147-1155 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.006

Abstract ( 1024 )

PDF (403KB) ( 669 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In order to clarify resistance levels and existing Yr genes among 59 wheat cultivars (lines) from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States, to provide resistance resources for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance in China. 【Method】 The 59 PNW wheat cultivars (lines) were infected by 3 mixed races of predominant Chinese stripe rust races CRY31, CRY32 and CRY33 to evaluate their resistance at seedling and adult plant stages, and screened with molecular markers tightly linked to currently effective all-stage resistance genes Yr10, Yr15 and adult plant resistance genes Yr18, Yr39. 【Result】Of 59 PNW cultivars (lines), five cultivars (lines) Expresso, 02W50076, ACS52610, WA008012 and WA008018 are all-stage resistance, showing resistance to mixed races of CRY31, CRY32 and CRY33 at both seedling and adult plant stages. 33 cultivars (lines) are adult plant resistance, only showing resistance to stripe rust at adult stage. Based on the molecular screening, none of the 59 PNW cultivars (lines) had the polymorphic bands of lingked markers to Yr10. There are 12, 33 and 29 cultivars (lines) had polymorphic bands of lingked markers to Yr15, Yr18 and Yr39, making up 20%, 56% and 49% of the 59 PNW cultivars (lines), respectively.【Conclusion】All these results suggested that Yr18 and Yr39 were widespread among PNW cultivars (cultivars) and can be utilized in Chinese wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Conidiation-Related Gene PsCon1 from Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici#br#

CHEN Yue-ying,GUO Jun,DAI Xi-wei,DUAN Ying-hui,WEI Guo-rong,HUANG Li-li,KANG Zhen-sheng

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1156-1163 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.007

Abstract ( 980 )

PDF (564KB) ( 942 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 To clone a conidiation-related gene PsCon1 from Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) and analyze its expression profile. 【Method】 The cDNA and genomic DNA of PsCon1 were isolated by using RT-PCR and PCR and the gene expression level at different morphological stages was analyzed via real-time RT-PCR. 【Result】 PsCon1 comprised of 3 extrons and 2 introns. Open reading frame (ORF) of PsCon1 was 252 bp in length, encoding 83 amino acids containing two conserved domains of conidiation-specific protein 6. PsCon1, without transmembrane domain or signal peptide sequence, was predicted to be located in cytoplasm. The nucleotide acid identity between PsCon1 and PtCon extrons was 78%, much higher than the 43% between the introns. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PSCON1 had high similarity to Con protein from Puccinia graminis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the transcripts of PsCon1 of germinating urediospore was 1.69 fold over that of urediniospore. In compatible interaction of Pst and wheat, PsCon1 was up-regulated as early as 6 h post- inoculation (hpi). The maximum induction occurred at 6 and 24 hpi, whose transcripts were 3.21 and 2.91 fold over that of urediospore, respectively. From 24 to 168 hpi, the accumulation of transcripts decreased steadily. However, the amount of PsCon1 transcripts was increased at 216 and 264 hpi, which was 15 times as much as that of 168 hpi. In incompatible interaction of Pst and wheat, the accumulation of PsCon1 transcripts decreased steadily. 【Conclusion】 PsCon1 might have influence on germ tube elongation, haustorium and urediospore formation, so it might play a role in the process of stripe rust infection on wheat. The cloning of PsCon1 served as a good foundation for further analysis of its role in the pathogenic process.

Characteristics of Organic C Mineralization Under Aerobic and Submerged Conditions in Paddy Soils of Southern Jiangsu Province#br#

HAO Rui-jun,LI Zhong-pei,CHE Yu-ping

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1164-1172 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.008

Abstract ( 887 )

PDF (298KB) ( 590 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Moisture regime plays a crucial role in the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC). In this paper, the differences in SOC mineralization under aerobic and submerged conditions of paddy soils were studied. 【Method】 With incubation under aerobic and submerged conditions in laboratory, the dynamics of SOC mineralization in typical paddy soils of Changshu, Jiangsu Province, was investigated. 【Result】 The daily mineralization of SOC under different moisture regimes was significantly different in the whole incubation period. The daily mineralization of soil organic carbon decreased quickly at the beginning of the incubation under aerobic condition, but increased rapidly under submerged condition, and both kept constant after 10 days’ incubation. The differences in SOC mineralization were found to be mainly at the beginning period of the incubation and decreased along with the incubation time. Thus the difference was not significantly different at the later incubation time. The respiration intensity, daily and cumulative mineralization of SOC under aerobic condition were 2.26-19.11, 0.96-2.41, and 0.96-2.41 times those under submerged condition, respectively. Statistic analyses showed that the higher the contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the more significant difference in respiration intensity between aerobic and submerged conditions, but the higher the contents of microbial biomass nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon, the more significant difference in daily mineralization of SOC between the two conditions. 【Conclusion】 The decrease in soil microbe activity under submerged condition was the main reason leading to the decrease in respiration intensity, but the decrease in SOC mineralization was also correlated with the changes in dissolved organic carbon over the whole incubation period.

Effects of Different Long-Term Fertilization on the Fractions of Organic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Mineralization in Soils#br#

WANG Yuan,ZHOU Jian-bin,YANG Xue-yun

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1173-1180 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.009

Abstract ( 921 )

PDF (265KB) ( 969 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 A long-term field experiment located at the south edge of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the forms of organic nitrogen and the potential nitrogen mineralization (N0) in soils. 【Method】 Soil organic N was fractionated by acid hydrolysis-distillation method (Bremner method), and N mineralization was estimated by using 30-week aerobic incubation method of Stanford and Smith. 【Result】 The results showed that the range of organic nitrogen forms in soil was in the following order, amino acid N＞non-hydrolysable N＞hydrolysable unidentified N＞ammonium N＞amino sugar N. Compared to the un-fertilization (CK) treatment, the addition of chemical fertilizers (NPK treatment) increased the different forms of organic N in soil, but the increasing rate was low. Compared with the CK treatment, the SNPK (NPK plus straw) and MNPK (NPK plus manure) treatments significantly increased the contents of different fractions of organic nitrogen in soil, especially the content of amino acid N, whereas they decreased the proportion of total hydrolysable N accounted for total nitrogen. Application of MNPK significantly increased the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N0) and the rate of N mineralization. The significantly negative correlation was found between amino acid N and N0 (P＜0.05); and the negative correlationships between hydrolysable unidentified N and non-hydrolysable N and soil N0 were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of NPK with manures or crop straw is an efficient way to enhance the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil, and amino acid N is the major contributor to the soil mineralized nitrogen.

Effects of Timing of Exogenous Calcium Application on the Alleviation of Salt Stress in the Tomato Seedlings#br#

YANG Feng-jun,LI Tian-lai,ZANG Zhong-jing,LU Shao-wei

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1181-1188 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.010

Abstract ( 892 )

PDF (346KB) ( 1255 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of timing of exogenous calcium application on the alleviation of tomato injury of salt stress. 【Method】 The exogenous calcium (10 mmol•L-1) was applied to the growth medium of tomato (Lycopersico esculentum Mill. cv. Liaoyuanduoli) seedling before three days, together with, or after three days of NaCl (100 mmol•L-1) application. Some physiological and biochemical responses (amount of growth ,extravasation conductivity, relative water content, proline content and soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Ca2 +-ATPase activity) were studied, and then Ca2+ application on the alleviation of salt stress was investigated. 【Result】 The growth of tomato seedling was suppressed and physiological metabolism of tomato was going worse under 100 mmol•L-1NaCl (T2)stress compared with the control (T1). Solution without NaCl or 10 mmol.L-1CaCl2 was added 3 d(T5) immediately before being grown in the solution with 100 mmol•L-1 NaCl, alleviation of NaCl stress was not significantly achieved. Solution with 100 mmol•L-1 NaCl and 10 mmol•L-1CaCl2 (T3) significantly alleviated the harm of salt stress to tomato seedlings, but solution added with CaCl2 3 d before being grown in the solution with 100 mmol•L-1 NaCl and 10 mmol•L-1 CaCl2 (T4), the role of alleviation of salt stress did not increase compared with T3. 【Conclusion】 Effects of exogenous calcium application on the alleviation of salt stress of tomato were significantly achieved, but the alleviation of salt stress was achieved when Ca2+and Na+ coexisted in the growth medium, and no effect of Ca2+ on salt stress was observed when Ca2+ was applied before NaCl stress. The alleviation of salt stress on tomato was not Ca2+-induced, but the competitive effect of coexistence of Ca2+ and Na+.

Hyperspectral Characteristics of Apple Leaves and Their Pigment Contents Monitoring#br#

ZHU Xi-cun,ZHAO Geng-xing,WANG Rui-yan,DONG Fang,WANG Ling,LEI Tong

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1189-1197 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.011

Abstract ( 894 )

PDF (424KB) ( 867 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The aims of this study are to analyze hyperspectral characteristics of apple leaves, to build hyperspectral monitoring models for pigment content in apple leaves and to promote the application of hyperspectral techniques in apple growth monitoring. 【Method】 Hyperspectral characteristics of apple functional leaves of different leaf parts with different water contents and apple species were analyzed by using variance analysis method at apple spring and autumn branch stop-growing stages. Relationship between leaf hyperspectral parameters and pigment content was investigated by using relevance analysis method. Hyperspectral parameter based monitoring models for apple leaf pigment content estimation were established. 【Result】 The results showed that in 760-1 300 nm near-infrared band, spectral reflectance of the rear part of the leaf was the lowest, that of the front part was the highest and reflectance of the middle area was in the between. The reflectance gradually increased with the decrease of leaf water content, and it appeared different obviously for different apple varieties. Spectral parameters R800/R550, red edge area Sr and green peak reflectivity Rg showed a close correlation with leaf pigment content, and their monitoring models were established accordingly. Models established with Sr for Chl a, Chl (a+b) and Car content monitoring and models established with R800/R550 for Chl b monitoring showed the best results. These models were proved to be reliable for apple leaf pigment monitoring by the index validation of root mean square deviation (RMSE) and relative error (RE%). 【Conclusion】 The results indicated the effectiveness of red edge area Sr and band combination of R800/R550 for apple leaf pigment content monitoring and provided a theoretical basis for apple growth remote sensing monitoring.

Investigation on Heavy Metals of Main Wild Edible Mushrooms in Yunnan Province#br#

HUANG Chen-yang,CHEN Qiang,ZHAO Yong-chang,ZHANG Jin-xia

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1198-1203 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.012

Abstract ( 1081 )

PDF (328KB) ( 951 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】Background values of arsenic(As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in main wild edible mushrooms in Yunnan province were investigated. Accumulation of heavy metal in different wild mushroom species were studied to provide a scientific basis for evaluation of the safety of the wild edible mushrooms. 【Method】 One hundred and sixty-five fresh samples, which belongs to 12 species, i.e. Boletus brunneissimus, Boletus duriusculus, Boletus eduli, Boletus granulatus, Boletus griseus, Boletus magnificus, Cantharellus cibarius, Catathelasma ventricosum, Russula virescens, Termitomyces albuminosus, Thelephora ganbajun, Tricholoma matsutake, were collected from 25 counties in Yunnan province. Nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion was used in determining the As, Cd and Pb, while Hg was determined by high pressure digestion. 【Result】 Significant differences were found in As, Cd, Hg and Pb among various species of wild edible mushrooms. The average As content ranged from 0.055 mg•kg-1 in B. magnificus to 0.515 mg•kg-1 in T. matsutake. The average Cd content ranged from 0.039 mg•kg-1 in B. brunneissimus to 1.280 mg•kg-1 in T. albuminosus. The average Hg content ranged from 0.015 mg•kg-1 in T. ganbajun to 0.608 mg•kg-1 in B. edulis. The average Pb content ranged from 0.272 mg•kg-1 in B. granulatus to 1.782 mg•kg-1 in T. albuminosus. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in As, Cd, Hg and Pb content among different species of wild edible mushrooms.

Relationship Between Flour Physico-Chemical Properties and Dumpling Sheet Quality#br#

LAN Jing,FU Bin-xiao,Esey ASSEFAW,WANG Le-kai,LI Hui,DAI Chang-jun,ZHAO Lin,LI Wan,ZHAO Nai-xin,LI Zhe-bin,SU Ping

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1204-1211 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.013

Abstract ( 958 )

PDF (224KB) ( 945 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of flour properties on dumpling sheet quality. 【Method】 Fifteen samples including wheat cultivars from China and Canada, commercial wheat samples from Australia and USA and commercial flours from China were used to measure flour physico-chemical properties, amylose content, Rapid Visco Analyser(RVA) parameters and dumpling sheet quality. 【Result】 Farinograph development time and stability, and extensograph extension area were significantly correlated with raw dumpling sheet color (r=0.60, 0.55, 0.47, respectively, P＜0.05), and negatively correlated with cooked dumpling sheet elasticity (r=-0.55, -0.59, -0.48, respectively, P＜0.05). Extensograph maximum resistance was highly and significantly correlated with raw dumpling sheet color, appearance and stickiness of cooked dumpling sheet (r=0.64, 0.72, 0.67, respectively, P＜0.01), and negatively correlated with elasticity and hardness score of cooked dumpling sheet (r=-0.81 and -0.72, respectively, P＜0.01). Starch content was highly and negatively correlated with stickiness of cooked dumpling sheet (r=-0.68, P＜0.01). Amylose content was negatively correlated with elasticity of cooked dumpling sheet (r=-0.60, P＜0.05). RVA analysis indicated that hot pasta viscosity, final viscosity and pasting time had the greatest influence on dumpling sheet stickiness (r=0.61, 0.54 and 0.53, respectively, P＜0.05). Breakdown was positively correlated with dumpling sheet firmness (r=0.58, P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Gluten strength parameters contributed negatively to elasticity and firmness and positively to appearance of dumpling sheet. The firmness and stickiness of dumpling sheet was negatively associated with starch content, and amylose content was negatively associated with dumpling sheet elasticity.

Inhibitory Effects of 1-MCP and DPA on Superficial Scald of ‘Dangshansuli’ Pear#br#

HUI Wei,NIU Rui-xue,SONG Yao-qiang,LI De-ying

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1212-1219 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.014

Abstract ( 985 )

PDF (362KB) ( 893 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In order to provide technical reference and a theoretica basis for agricultural production, the inhibitory effects and possible mechanisms of 1-MCP and DPA on superficial scald of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear were studied. 【Method】Pear fruits (cv. Dangshansuli) were treated with DPA at 1 000 μL•L-1, 2 000 μl•L-1 and l-MCP at 0.5 μL•L-1 for 1 min and 12 h respectively before cold storage(2±0.5)℃, some indexes of post-harvest physiology were researched and the complexion of superficial scald were observed. 【Result】 DPA at 1 000 μl•L-1, 2 000 μL•L-1 and l-MCP at 0.5 μL•L-1 inhibited the content of α-farnesene, conjugated trienes, total phenols and MDA, decreased the relative membrane permeability and the activity of PPO in the peel, thus restrained and retarded the occurrence of superficial scald of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear remarkably in cold storage period and shelf life. 【Conclusion】 The appropriate concentrations of 1-MCP and DPA could restrain and defer the occurrence of superficial scald of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear remarkably in cold storage period and shelf life respectively, however, the mechanism of which were different.

Study on Postharvest Physiology, Storage Diseases and Quality Changes of Jiashi Muskmelon#br#

ZHANG You-lin,ZHANG Run-guang,SUN Gang,CHEN Ting

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1220-1228 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.015

Abstract ( 806 )

PDF (387KB) ( 701 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Postharvest physiology and storage diseases of Jiashi muskmelon, in relation to the fresh keeping technology were studies. 【Method】 The respiration type and main storage diseases of postharvest Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon were researched. The effects of storage temperature, pH value, thiabendazole (TBZ) fumigation and chitosan coating on storage quality and black spot disease of Jiashi muskmelon were investigated, while the activity changes of polypenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), pectase (PE) and catalase (CAT) of Jiashi muskmelon treated with TBZ and chitosan were measured. 【Result】 Jiashi muskmelon is a climacteric respiratory fruit. Penicillium viridicatum Westling was the main pathogen that led to black spot disease during storage. TBZ fumigation and chitosan coating inhibited the activities of PPO, POD, PE and the growth of pathogen obviously. A TBZ fumigation, pH 5.0 and 5mg•mL-1 chitosan solution coating of Jiashi muskmelon, and then stored at 0.5-1.5℃ reduced fruit rot, with the decay index being 0.15 and the accepted fruit percentage being 95% after 105 days of storage. 【Conclusion】 The fresh-keeping effect of Jiashi muskmelon was optimum by TBZ and chitosan treatment under suitable pH and temperature during storage.

Effects of Protein Restriction in Sows During Lactation on Serum Lipids, the Content of Intramuscular Fat, and H-FABP mRNA Expression in the Filial Pigs#br#

ZHANG Hong-yu,SHAN An-shan,XU Lin,LI Jian-ping,CHENG Bao-jing

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1229-1234 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.016

Abstract ( 1012 )

PDF (415KB) ( 615 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction during lactation on serum lipids, intramuscular fat and H-FABP mRNA expression in the offspring. 【Method】 Twelve (6 Landrace and 6 Min pig) multi-parity sows with an average body weight of 180±5 kg were chosen for experiment, and they were purely mated to Landrace or Min pig boars at identical estrus date respectively. Sows were allotted into two groups, with three replicates each consisting of one sow. All sows fed with a same composition diet in gestation, received a diet of either 18% or 9% protein during lactation. The serum lipids level, intramuscular fat content and H-FABP mRNA expression of longissimus muscle was determined in 28 d and 180 d offspring. 【Result】 The result showed that the serum CHO was significantly increased in protein restricted group of Landrace offspring at 28 d (P＜0.05), but no obvious differences were found in 180 d pigs. No significant difference was presented in 28 d and 180 d offspring of Landrace, although there was a tendency of increase in the serum TG and LDL, and decrease in the HDL. The serum CHO, TG and LDL of protein restricted group was increased and the HDL was decreased compared to that of the control group, but no significant effect was found in 28 d and 180 d offspring of Min pig. The content of intramuscular fat and H-FABP mRNA expression in longissimus muscle was significantly increased in protein restricted group of Landrace offspring at 28 d (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was observed in 180 d pigs. Maternal protein restriction during lactation presented a tendency to increase in the content of intramuscular fat and H-FABP mRNA expression in 28 d and 180 d offspring of Min pig, however, the influence was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The results indicated that there was a difference in influence of maternal protein restriction on fat deposition in the offspring. The effect was decreased with the prolongation of time. The maternal effect showed some difference between breeds.

Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing HA Gene of H3N2 Subtype Swine Influenza Virus in Mice#br#

ZHAN Xiao-guo,QIAO Chuan-ling,YANG Huan-liang,CHEN Yan,KONG Wei,XIN Xiao-guang,CHEN Hua-lan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1235-1241 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.017

Abstract ( 921 )

PDF (390KB) ( 673 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 A strain of replication deficient recombinant adenovirus encoding HA of H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus (SIV) was generated and the immune efficacy was evaluated in mice. 【Method】 To construct a recombinant adenovirus shuttle plasmid pDC315-H3HA-EGFP, HA gene of A/Swine/Guangdong/9/2005(H3N2) amplified by PCR from the recombinant plasmid pMD18-HA was sub-cloned into pIRES2-EGFP. The gene fragment containing HA and EGFP was then inserted into adenovirus shuttle plasmid pDC315. A replication-defective recombinant adenovirus expressing HA gene (rAd-H3HA-EGFP) was generated by cotransfecting the recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC315-HA-EGFP and the backbone plasmid pBHGlox△E1, E3Cre in HEK293 cells. The recombinant adenovirus was screened by the typical cytopathic effect and expression of EGFP gene in HEK293 cells. The immunogenicity of the recombinant adenovirus was evaluated by inoculating 6-week-old BALB/c mice, through detecting specific antibody titer and protection against the virus challenge. 【Result】 HA gene was recombined into the genome of the recombinant adenovirus rAd-H3HA-EGFP, and HA protein could be efficiently expressed in vitro. The TCID50 of the rAd-H3HA-EGFP was evaluated as 1.58×1010•mL-1 after propagation and purification. Mice inoculated with 108 TCID50 were protected against the challenge with H3 subtype SIV and accompanied with high titer of antibodies. 【Conclusion】 A strain of replication-defective adenovirus rAd-H3HA-EGFP with good immunogenicity was constructed, which would lay a foundation for the development of the engineered live virus vectored vaccine of H3 subtype of SIV.

Development of an ELISA for Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Nonstructural Protein Antibody with Synthetic Peptides#br#

YANG Ji-fei,YANG Su-zhen,YANG Yan-yan,ZHI Ai-min,ZHAO Dong,ZHI Yu-bao,XING Guang-xu,DENG Rui-guang,CHAI Shu-jun,ZHANG Gai-ping

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1242-1247 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.018

Abstract ( 749 )

PDF (318KB) ( 694 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Developing an ELISA based on a synthetic peptide detecting foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV) nonstructural proteins (NSPs) antibody. 【Method】 A specific peptide according to FMDV NSPs B-cell epitopes was synthesized by a solid-phase method, and was conjugated with carrier protein BSA. An ELISA for detecting FMDV NSPs antibody was developed by using the conjugating protein as the coating antigen. 【Result】 The optimal coating concentration of the antigen was determined as 2.5μg•mL-1; The results of comparison of the assay with UBI NSP ELISA kit and national commercial 3ABC ELISA kit in detection of 199 serum samples showed that they were very coincident, and the agreement rate of them reached 96.48% and 97.48, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The developed ELISA using the synthetic peptide as coating antigen is specific, reproducible, stable and easy, and can be used to differentiate FMDV infected animals from immunized animals.

Effects of Yimu Shenghuasan on Cytochrome P450 of Endometrial Cells and Immune Function in Dairy Cows#br#

DU Jin-liang,QIN Jian-hua,CHU Jing-sheng,XU Li-na,MA Yu-zhong

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1248-1254 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.019

Abstract ( 844 )

PDF (376KB) ( 669 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to investigate the acting mechanism of Yimu Shenghuasan on dairy cow endometrial cells. 【Method】 In vitro experiment, the primary cultured endometrial cells in cows were isolated and the inflammatory models were made by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. The inflammatory cells were treated with gradient concentrations of herbal medicine prescription Yimu Shenghuasan for 48h and 72h, then the Western blot was used to detect the expression of CYP450. In vivo experiment, the suppository Yimu Shenghuasan was put into the endometritis dairy cows to detect the content of IgG and IgA in sera. 【Results】 The expression of cytochrome P450 in dairy cow endometrial cells increased gradually by Western blot; compared with the control group, the content of IgG, IgA increased significantly; 【Conclusion】 CYP450 in the inflammatory cells expressed significantly by treatment of 2 000 µg•mL-1 Yimu Shenghuasan for 48h.

Correlation Analysis Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Intron 1 and 2 of IL-1β Gene and Immune Traits of Chicken#br#

WANG Cun-bo,CHANG Guo-bin,ZHOU Qiong,LIAO Jing,GONG Lin-lin,CHEN Rong,HU Guo-shun,LEI Li-li,ZHANG Hai-bo,WANG Ke-hua,BAO Wen-bin,CHEN Guo-hong

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1255-1264 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.020

Abstract ( 812 )

PDF (488KB) ( 621 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The SNPs of IL-1β gene and their correlations with some immune traits were tested. 【Method】 A pair of primers were designed as the sequence of IL-1β of red jungle fowls, and the SNPs of intron 1 and 2 of IL-1β gene in Rugao Chicken(RG), Wenchang Chicken(WC), and Anka Chicken(AK) were detected using PCR-SSCP. Meanwhile, concentration of IL-1, H/L value, SRBC antibody titer, ND antibody titer and AI antibody titer were detected at 56 days of age. Then, the correlation between SNP sites and immune traits were analyzed. 【Results】 Totally 6 SNP sites were detected at T107G, T130A, C143T, A208C, T241G and T274C. Furthermore, the mutation at 107, 208, 241 and 274 sites were found association with immune traits (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and some genotype combinations significantly affected H/L value and ND antibody titer (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The mutation at 241 site may be selected as a new candidate mark in disease resistance breeding because of its better performance in three immune traits than that of wild type chickens. Selecting breeder chickens by genotype combinations had more effect than by single genotype of SNPs.

Effects of Water Retention Agent on Diurnal Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Flue-cured Tobacco#br#

ZHAO Ming-qin,ZHAO Jin-heng,ZHANG Di,HAN Fu-gen,ZHANG Guang-fu,LI Yuan-shi,JIN Hong-shi

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1265-1273 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.021

Abstract ( 1023 )

PDF (297KB) ( 635 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In order to understand the effects of water retention agent on photosynthetic characteristics in flue-cured tobacco, diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate and its physio-ecological factors were researched under different water retention agent application rates.【Method】Diurnal changes of photosynthetic indexes were determined by the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The data were analyzed by Excel2007 and SPSS13.0 with variance analysis , correlation analysis and path analysis. 【Result】 The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rates (Tr) diurnal changes in four treatments all appeared as single peak curves, the majority of peaks appeared at 9：00 or 11：00, and they all didn’t show midday depression. Overall the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaf gradually strengthened with water retention agent application rate growing. The net photosynthetic rate of tobacco in the control was affected by transpiration rate and atmospheric relative humidity (RH). The net photosynthetic rate of tobacco in water retention agent treatment was affected by stomatal conductance and atmospheric relative humidity. 【Conclusion】 Water retention agent could enhance the photosynthetic ability of the flue-cured tobacco leaf. When the water retention agent application rate was 45 kg•ha-1, the photosynthetic ability of the flue-cured tobacco was the strongest in four treatments. Rainy season of Yanbian provided enough water for soil which was the main cause of no midday depression phenomenon at maturing stage. Water retention agent influences the net photosynthetic rate mainly by regulating stomatal conductance (Gs) of the flue-cured tobacco.

A Preliminary Study on Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization Amount at Different Phases to Enhance the Storage Capacity of Super Hybrid Rice #br#

SHI Li-hong,JI Xiong-hui,ZHU Xiao-qi,LI Hong-shun,PENG Hua,LIU Zhao- bing

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1274-1281 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.022

Abstract ( 943 )

PDF (295KB) ( 650 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Study on optimization of nitrogen fertilization to raise the storage capacity of super hybrid rice has significant practical importance on the improvement of nitrogen-fertilizer utilization efficiency and realization of high-efficiency of fertilizer and high-yield of super hybrid rice. 【Method】 The experimental material is Y Liangyou No. 1 which is a representative super hybrid rice. By fertilizing different amounts of nitrogen at different phases (different nitrogen amounts as the ratio of base-spike was 80 to 20 and different ratio of base-tiller-spike-grain nitrogen as the total nitrogen was 180 kg•hm-2), along with the investigation of characters of rice during growth and the use of mathematical regression, the index of maximum storage capacity and the measures to optimize the nitrogen utilization were analyzed. 【Result】 The nitrogen application amount had linear correlation with available tillers (spikes), and second-degree parabola correlation with filled grains per spike, total filled grains and yield per area; With the base-spike nitrogen-fertilizer application ratio was 80 to 20, when the nitrogen application amount was up to 215.6 kg•hm-2, total filled grains reached the maximum. When the nitrogen application was up to 245.9 kg•hm-2, the yield reached the highest (11.42 t•hm-2). When the base-spike nitrogen application ratio turned to 60 to 40, and further base-tiller-spike-grain nitrogen application ratio was adjusted to 10﹕50﹕25﹕15, the filled grains per spike, total filled grains and yields of super hybrid rice remarkably increased, the yeilds increased by 21% and 2.89% respectively, compared with the highest yields calculated by simulated equation of yield - nitrogen application when the nitrogen application amount decreased by 65.9 kg•hm-2,when the base-spike nitrogen ratio was 80 to 20. 【Conclusion】 By nitrogen application optimization measures like reducing base nitrogen ratio, increasing the ratios of tiller nitrogen, spike and grain nitrogen, the effective tillers, spike rate and filled grains per spike would increased, therefore, the maximum storage capacity and yield of super hybrid rice would largely increased, the yield potential of hybrid rice would be fully developed and the nitrogen application amount could be reduced effectively.

A Rapid Method for Evaluation of Resistance in Soybean to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Field Condition#br#

HAN Guang-zhen,HAN Fen-xia,SUN Jun-ming,YU Shao-xuan,GE Yi-nan,YAN Shu-rong,YANG Hua

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1282-1287 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.023

Abstract ( 811 )

PDF (285KB) ( 1108 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The objective of the study was to establish a rapid and effective method for evaluation of resistance in soybean to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the field condition. 【Method】 The isolates of S. sclerotiorum from different geographical regions and host-plants were cultured in the PDA culture medium. Mycelium from the culture was used for preparation of wheat seed inocula. The method for evaluation of resistance to soybean white mould in the field condition was established using silver paper trussing inoculum with minimally invasive on the soybean plants. 【Result】 There were significant differences in the DSI and the lesion length to S. sclerotiorum among cultivars, among isolates, and there was no significant difference among replicates. The lesion length was significantly correlated with the DSI (r = 0.8301, P＜0.001). 【Conclusion】 The method for evaluation of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in the field condition can effectively identify the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum and screen the resistance to S. sclerotiorum for soybean breeding.

Detection of Tomato Aspermy Virus Infecting Chrysanthemums by LAMP #br#

LIU Jia,HUANG Cong-lin,WU Zhong-yi,ZHANG Xiu-hai,WANG Yong-qin

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1288-1294 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.024

Abstract ( 851 )

PDF (570KB) ( 845 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 In this study, the LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) was used to detect TAV (Tomato aspermy virus). 【Method】 Using TAV CP cDNA clones as templates, the reaction conditions (such as Mg2+, dNTPs, betaine and primers concentrations) optimized and the sensitivities of LAMP and RT-PCR were compared in detecting TAV. 【Result】 The LAMP method was developed in this experiment and it was more sensitive than RT-PCR method for detecting TAV. 【Conclusion】 The LAMP as a simple and quick method can accurately detect TAV in chrysanthemum samples.

Inheritance of Parthenocarpy in Monoecious Cucumber #br#

YAN Li-ying,LOU Li-na,LI Xiao-li,LOU Qun-feng,FENG Zhi-hong,CHEN Jin-feng

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1295-1301 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.025

Abstract ( 934 )

PDF (268KB) ( 667 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance of parthenocarpy in monoecious cucumber were studied to provide a theoretical basis for breeding monoecious cucumber varieties of strong parthenocarpy. 【Method】 Using the model of the major gene plus polygene of quantitative traits, a joint analysis of six-generations from crossing a highly parthenocarpic monoecious lines ‘6457’ with two non-parthenocarpic inbred lines ‘6429’ and ‘6426’ was carried out to investigate the inheritance of the parthenocarpy in cucumber in different backgrounds and seasons. 【Result】 The results showed that inheritance of parthenocarpy was controlled by two major genes and polygenes. The additive effects of the two major genes were great. The major gene heritabilities of B1, B2, and F2 were 72.2%-88.8%, 52.5%-93.1%, and 88.6%-95.4%, respectively. While the corresponding polygene heritabilities were 0-11.2%, 0-43.1%, and 0-1.5%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The breeding of monoecious cucumber with highly parthenocarpy should choose parents that both are highly parthenocarpy. Selection of parthenocarpy can be carried out in the earlier generations of conventional crossing breeding.

Intergeneric Phylogenetic Relationship of Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul., Ajania Poljakov and Their Allies Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism#br#

ZHAO Hong-bo,MIAO Heng-bin,WU Guo-sheng,CHEN Fa-di,GUO Wei-ming

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1302-1313 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.026

Abstract ( 801 )

PDF (839KB) ( 1087 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 Intergeneric phylogenetic relationship of Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul., Ajania Poljakov and their allies are still unresolved due to the restriction of plant materials and complicated geographic distribution. In order to resolve the phylogeny of these groups and lay a foundation for the breeding of some important cultivated plants in this tribe such as chrysanthemum, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was applied in this research. 【Method】 The phylogenetic relationships of subtribe Artemisiinae endemic to eastern Asia and its allies including 50 taxa were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with near-infrared fluorescence-labeled primers. Phylogenetic searches were respectively performed by Unweight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) using SPSS 11.0 and maximum parsimony analysis (MP) with PAUP* 4.0b10. 【Result】 Nine primer set combinations were used in this investigation, and a total of 1936 AFLP fragments were detected, of which 1695 were polymorphic (87.6%), indicating considerable genetic variation at the species level. High genetic differentiation not only among all the taxa but also respectively among Dendranthema or Ajania was detected. 【Conclusion】 The Dendranthema-Ajania clade was the most important cluster of the phylogenetic tree. At the same time, this clade was chiefly divided into two sub-clades. (1) one corresponds to Dendranthema, Arctanthemum and a few species of Ajania that was further separated from two groups respectively including a part of Dendranthema and one or two species of Ajania, (2) another to a majority of taxa of Ajania and Opisthopappus. These two sub-clades were sister to each other. The results indicated that Dendranthema and Ajania maybe parallely evolved from common ancestors where A. myriantha and A. khartensis should be closer to Dendranthema than other taxa in Ajania, and Ajania pacifica and A. shiwogiku were more advanced taxa in this genus, Opisthopappus once belonging to subtribe Tanacetinae may be closer to subtribe Artemisiinae, however, radiate or rare discoid Brachanthemum was excluded from this group. The present phylogeny suggests that a revision of this scheme should be necessary, in which A. salicifolia and A. variifolia should be transferred to Phaeostigma.

Effect of Hot Water Treatment of Bulbs on Heat Tolerance of Lily Young Plants#br#

LIU Xue-ning,YANG Li-ping,MA Chuan,XIANG Di-ying

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(6): 1314-1320 . doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.06.027

Abstract ( 1077 )

PDF (415KB) ( 639 )

Save

Related Articles | Metrics

【Objective】 The aim of the experiment is to study the effect of hot water treatment of bulbs on heat tolerance of lily plants. 【Method】 Asiatic hybrid ‘Pollyanna’ was used as the experimental material, and the bulbs were dipped into the hot water at 45℃ for different times of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min. After planting, the physiological indices and the electrical impedance spectroscopy parameters of young plants under heat stress at 38℃ were studied. 【Result】 Heat shocked bulbs for 20 min promoted the activity of SOD and the content of soluble sugar in the leaves, they were higher than the control by 65.95% (P＜0.01), and 23.75% (P＜0.01), respectively. The root activity was higher than the control by 57.11% (P＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between relaxation time and control. Although SOD activity and soluble sugar content reached the peak after 30 min of treatment, there was no significant difference with 20 min treatment, and the root activity decreased rapidly. 【Conclusion】 Lily plants can acquire heat tolerance obviously through hot water treatment of bulbs for 20 min.

Table of Content