Browse by section

Content of SPECIAL FOUCUS: AGRO-PRODUCTS SAFETY in our journal

Published in last 1 year |

In last 2 years |

In last 3 years |

All

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

A Review of Studies on Quality and Safety of Edible Vegetable Agro-Products LI Pei-wu, ZHANG Qi, DING Xiao-xia, BAI Yi-zhen Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3618-3632.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.010 Abstract （483）   HTML （2）    PDF （552KB）（979）       Knowledge map    Save Contaminants threating the quality and safety of edible vegetable agri-food are mainly pesticide residues, biotoxins and heavy metal ions. In field of the detection technologies for the pollutants in agri-foods, some obvious progresses in sample pretreatment techniques, confirmed detection technologies and rapid detection technologies have been made. Sample pretreatment techniques have been developed and improved, including solid phase extraction, solid phase micro extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and microwave assisted extraction technology and so on. Both technologies of immunoaffinity adsorption and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and, Safe) have been quickly developed and widely applied. Confirmatory testing technologies, particularly chromatography-mass spectrometry, have been modified to improve the standard methods for determination of pesticide residues, biotoxin contamination in agricultural products in China, and the chromatographic mass spectrometry detection technology has been in rapid development and application, because it is sensitive, accurate, and reliable, especially suitable for being used as a laboratory arbitration detection. Rapid detection technologies have also been gradually set up from original innovation to terminal product creations. And a series of techniques and products such as various kits, immunoaffinity column, immunochromatographic strips and so on based on enzyme inhibition, immunoassay and non-destructive methods have been developed. Therefore, a multi-level technological options were provided for the determination of qualitative or quantitative analysis, as complements to advanced instrument method. In the field of risk assessment of contaminants in agri-foods, remarkable progress has been made in the construction of agricultural product quality and safety risk assessment system in the last three years. The system comprises of National Agri-food Safety Risk Assessment Agency as the leading organization, professional RAL (risk assessment laboratory) for the specific agri-foods and regional RAL for local agri-foods as the main body, experimental stations as the basis and observation spots in the main production area as the extension has been established. Four types of risk assessment have been proposed for six kinds of hazard with definite characteristics and procedure of each type. The technical system such as hazards identification technologies and data processing, has been preliminarily built for pesticide residues, biotoxins, heavy metal ions, exogenous additives and so on. Seeing from the studies on the control of contaminants in agri-foods, some rules or mechanism of contamination have been being gradually discovered and prevention and control techniques such as processing control technology, reducing and cutting technology have been proposed. The current main problems conclude: 1) the original innovation on the detection of agri-foods quality and safety needs to be strengthened further, especially the simultaneous determination technology for different pollutants and even different classes of contaminants; 2) late starting risk assessment researches and the urgent demand with lack of basic data; 3) weakness in basic research, lack of awareness of pollution mechanism, unclear of the critical control points and shortage of early warning technology. With the researches on edible agri-food quality and safety furtherer and furtherer, self-reliance innovation of hazard detection technology will continuously be strengthened, and the technical methods and series of corresponding analysis products will gradually meet the various testing demands. Through the research on the occurrence of hazard, the formation of nutritional quality and control mechanism, there will be a rapid development in early risk warning and contamination control techniques. Agricultural products quality and safety risk assessment will be an indispensable technical and basic work in agricultural products quality and safety supervision, and the related research will be a hot issue. The risk assessment system will play more and more important roles in the whole process control, management and official supervision of multiple contaminants influencing on agricultural products quality and safety from field to table. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in Research of Cadmium Metabolism and Control in Rice Plants ZHU Zhi-wei, CHEN Ming-xue, MOU Ren-xiang, CAO Zhao-yun, ZHANG Wei-xing, LIN Xiao-yan Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3633-3640.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.011 Abstract （493）   HTML （4）    PDF （357KB）（1224）       Knowledge map    Save Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major pollutants in rice grains, for rice plants can absorb Cd easily. Thus, it becomes the potential important pollutant for the food supply and food safety in China. In this review, the authors attempt to show three important steps in the bio-accumulation of Cd in rice plants, including the activation and absorption of Cd by rice roots, the loading and transportation of Cd by rice xylem, and the enrichment of Cd in rice grains by the phloem from rice internodes. The metabolic process of Cd at different rice growing stages, the control mechanism of Cd through transport protein and key genes, and the influence of environmental conditions and inputs to Cd accumulation in rice plants were discussed. The future research of Cd control mechanism in rice was also highlighted from the viewpoint of the sustainable agricultural development and the management of rice safety. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat and Its Management SHI Jian-rong, LIU Xin, QIU Jian-bo, JI Fang, XU Jian-hong, DONG Fei, YIN Xian-chao, RAN Jun-jian Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3641-3654.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.012 Abstract （494）   HTML （6）    PDF （733KB）（1502）       Knowledge map    Save Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the type B trichothecene mycotoxins, also known as vomitoxin, can cause sickness such as vomiting, feed refusal, bloody diarrhea, dermatitis, hemorrhaging, and even death because of inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis at the ribosomal level in nonruminant animals, especially swine. DON is the metabolite of Fusarium graminearum species complex(FGSC) which causes wheat head blight around the world. In the last 10 years, FHB has become a severely epidemic for many times in China (especially in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan and Shandong), north America and European countries, causing that DON becomes severe food safety issue for wheat grains. This paper presents the DON contamination of wheat, distribution and chemotype of DON-produced FGSC, the factors which influence the DON production, and the management of DON contaminated grains to facilitate the risk evaluation and surveillance of DON-contaminated wheat in this country. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7)

Select

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Apples NIE Ji-yun, LI Zhi-xia, LIU Chuan-de, FANG Jin-bao, WANG Cheng, GUO Yong-ze, LEI Shao-rong, LI Hai-fei, XU Guo-feng, YAN Zhen Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3655-3667.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.013 Abstract （694）   HTML （14）    PDF （478KB）（1504）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Risk assessment of pesticide residues in apples will provide a scientific basis for apple consumption, apple pesticide residue supervision, and establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in apple. 【Method】Residues of 102 pesticides in 200 apple samples from main producing areas in China were detected. Chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in these samples were assessed, respectively, by %ADI and %ARfD. Estimated maximum residue limits (eMRLs) of 26 pesticides with detectable residues were calculated by ADIs, large portion of apple, and body weight of consumer. The Matrix Ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to rank the risk of pesticides and apple samples.【Result】25.5% of pesticides (26/102) and 89.5% of apple samples (179/200) had detectable residues. 0.5% of apple samples contained residue above the MRL (of omethoate). For 26 pesticides with detectable residues, their chronic dietary intake risks expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-1.07% with an average of 0.13%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.18%-22.41% with an average of 4.12%. These 26 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, i.e. high risk group (8 pesticides), medium risk group (10 pesticides), and low risk group (8 pesticides). Apple samples studied were ranked by risk index, 1.5% of which had high pesticide residue risk, and 98.5% of which had medium, low, or lower pesticide residue risk. Among 26 pesticides with detectable residues, it is unnecessary for chlorbenzuron to establish MRL in apple, MRLs of 6 pesticides (e.g. flusilazole) are overly strict, MRLs of 5 pesticides (e.g. dimethoate) are overly loose, and MRLs of 18 pesticides (including chlormequat, difenoconazole, tebufenozide, diazinon, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl, dimethoate, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, propargite, buprofezin, dicofol, methidathion, tebuconazole, diniconazole, phosmet, and imazali) were proposed to be 4, 1, 2, 0.5, 0.6, 7, 0.2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.2, 0.1, 3, 0.5, 1, and 3 mg•kg-1, respectively.【Conclusion】Pesticide residues in Chinese apples had a relatively high detection rate, but pesticide residues in 99.5% of samples were under MRLs. Both chronic and acute dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in Chinese apples were very low. Residues of 8 pesticides in apples should be focused on, including omethoate, phosphamidon, methidathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, bifenthrin, phosmet, and dimethoate. And MRLs for 18 pesticides (e.g. chlormequat) in apples were proposed to be established or revised. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16)

Select

Study on Immunochromatography for Afaltoxin Determination in Agricultural Product ZHANG Zhao-wei, LI Pei-wu, ZHANG Qi, DING Xiao-xia Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3668-3674.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.014 Abstract （414）   HTML （3）    PDF （368KB）（753）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Aflatoxin contaminates agricultural product severely, threatens health and life of people and livestocks. It is one of the major focus issues and attracts both governmental and social concerns. Thus, it is required to establish a rapid and sensitive determination method for aflatoxin. High specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin has been developed. In this study, using the as-prepared monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin, the aim is to establish time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography for afaltoxin determination in agricultural product, in order to provide technical support for agricultural product quality supervision and risk assessment. 【Method】 Herein, monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin was coupled with emulsion europium for labeling. With the home-made time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic strip, aflatoxin could be determined quantitatively, by using the signal value ratio of test line to control line and natural logarithm of concentration in standard aflatoxin solution. Regarding to various agricultural product samples (as peanut, rice and vegetable oil), an integration technology was developed that combined grinding and homogenization in one step. The methodological evaluation was conducted, in which aflatoxin in real agricultural products such as peanut, rice and vegetable oil. Moreover, these results via time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography were compared with those via HPLC method. 【Result】 Results showed a detecting limit of 0.3 μg·kg-1, a liner range of 0.8-25, 0.8-15, 0.8-30 μg·kg-1, for peanut, rice, plant oil, respectively. The standard curves were recorded as y=0.238x+0.654 (R2=0.992), y=0.321x+0.811 (R2=0.990), and y=0.146x+0.173 (R2=0.993), for peanut, rice, and plant oil, respectively. Recoveries from inner accuracy and precision were between 81.0% and 113.0% with RSD of 7.2%-14.2%, while recoveries from inter accuracy and precision were of 75.8%-114.9% with RSD of 7.7%-15.3%. It was suggested that this method allowed considerable inner- and inter- accuracy and precision, It was found to be the relative error below 10% between results via time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography and those with HPLC, which suggesting that a high degree between time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic method and industry standard method.【Conclusion】Results showed that TRFIA possesses high sensitivity, wide liner range, high repeatability and stability, thus it is suitable for rapid assay in China and poses wide application prospect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Identification of Aflatoxin Producing Strains by Using PCR-RFLP Method SUN Chang-po, CHANG Xiao-jiao, WU Song-ling, SHEN Han Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3675-3683.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.015 Abstract （396）   HTML （1）    PDF （670KB）（893）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The objective of this study is to develop an identification method of aflatoxin-producing strains with the advantages of high accuracy, good sensitivity, and convenience, which provide early warning to aflatoxin contamination of stored grain, provide technical support for the safety control in food industry and provide the non-toxic microbial sources for biological control of aflatoxin contamination.【Method】The key gene of aflatoxin synthesis, aflR, which belongs to Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasitieus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae, was analyzed by bioinformatics method. The potential strains producing aflatoxin were identified by PCR-RFLP technology. To verify these experimental results above, their toxin-producing ability was tested and analyzed by HPLC after these strains were cultured and fermented with soybean medium.【Results】The sequences of their aflR gene were analyzed in this research and the results showed high homology among their sequences. On the other hand, the partial bases of their aflR and promoter mutated regularly to induce variation of restriction sites NheⅠ, PvuⅡ, and HincⅡ. The genomic DNA were extracted from all these strains, the sequences of their aflR and promoter were amplified by PCR which includes 798 bp and 515 bp respectively. These promoters of aflR gene were digested by NheⅠand produced 176 bp and 339 bp two short fragments from toxin-producing strains. However, there was no restriction site of NheⅠin those of the non-toxin-producing strains. The results showed thatthe aflR of A. flavus and A. parasitieus were digested into three fragments (387 bp, 250 bp, 161 bp) and two fragments (548 bp, 250 bp) by HincⅡ, and those ofA. flavus andA. parasitieus were digested into two fragments (652 bp, 146 bp) and three fragments (413 bp, 239 bp, 146 bp) by PvuⅡ, respectively. The analysis of aflatoxin-producing demonstrated that both A. oryzae and A. sojae could not produce aflatoxin under the same cultural condition. It showed the same results that no aflatoxin produced by the strains in PCR-RFLP analysis. Among toxin-producing Aspergillus strains, the differences of their toxin-producing ability were remarkable. Not only their toxin yields rose a great many times in variation but their compositions were different.【Conclusion】This study illustrated the differences existed in the key gene aflR sequence among the strains. The active toxin-producing A. flavus and non-toxin-producing ones as well as toxin-producing A. flavus and A. parasitieus were identified by PCR-RFLP rapidly. The development of the method for identifing toxin-producing Aspergillus strains is probably useful for safety check and quality control not only in productive process of cereal and oil products but during food storage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Degradation Dynamics and Residues Analysis of Abamectin in Cucumber and Soil JIN Fen, WANG Jing, WEI Shan-shan, DU Xin-wei, SHAO Hua, JIN Mao-jun, WANG Shan-shan, SHE Yong-xin Scientia Agricultura Sinica    DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.016

Select

Gene Cloning and Shuttle Expression Plasmid Construction of Pig β2 Adrenergic Receptors WANG Jian, WANG Jing, WANG Miao, KONG Xiang-ya, ZHU Feng-bin, SHAO Xiao-xue Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2014, 47 (18): 3691-3699.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.017 Abstract （356）   HTML （1）    PDF （997KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Receptor assay is a new method suitble for rapid multianalysis for detection of β-agonists compared to traditional immunoassay. The key problem of this method is acquiring pure recombinant receptor with high affinity and selectivity. To provide the basic material for screening of optimal expression system and expression condition, the specific recombinant shuttle expression plasmid was constructed with pig β2AR gene. 【Method】 Total RNA was extracted from fresh pig liver and a pair of primers was designed and synthesized according to the published pig β2AR gene sequence in Genbank(AF000134). The recovery of RT-PCR product from agarose gel was connected with cloning vector pMD-18T by T4 DNA ligase at 4℃ overnight. The ligation product was then transformed into competent cell DH5α and the plasmid was extracted after blue and white spot selection. And that the plasmid was confirmed by PCR, double enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. The DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were firstly analyzed by BLAST, and then phylogenetic tree construction and hydrophobicity were performed, respectively. In order to enhance the expression and binding affinity of receptor protein, N-terminal 186 bp of the cloned gene were truncated, and 6×His-tag was added at C-terminal. Finally, the genetically modified genes were respectively cloned to pTriEx-1.1 Hygro vector, and the ligation products were transformed into competent cell NovaBlue. The recombinant plasmids were extracted from single colonies and identified after Amp resistance screening. 【Result】 The purity, concentration and integrity of the extracted total RNA could meet the requirements of successive test by UV spectrophotometer testing and agarose gel electrophoresis. The RT-PCR product was 1 257 bp by sequencing, which encods 418 amino acids. The sequence has been submitted in Genbank as accession number KF023571.1. The deduced protein was predicted to have a computed molecular mass of 46.73 kD by Compute pI/Mw. Compared with the published pig β2AR gene sequence (AF000134), the identity of nucleotide between them was 99.68%, and the rate of deduced amino acid was 99.28%. Furthermore, all of the amino acids at the ligand binding sites were cloned correctly. BLAST analysis indicated that there was a high homology of β2AR between pig and some species. From phylogenetic tree analysis based on β2AR gene, Sus scrofa is more close to Pecan tajacu and not closely related to Tscherskia triton and Microtus ochrogaster. Hydrophobicity analysis illustrated that the N-terminal and C-terminal of the receptor were dominated by hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids, respectively. Recombinant plasmid named pTriEx-1.1Hygro-β2AR1-418 and pTriEx-1.1Hygro- β2AR63-418 were constructed successfully after verification of PCR, double enzyme digestion and sequencing. 【Conclusion】 The β2AR gene and the amino acids at active sites were highly consistent with the published records. Besides, pTriEx-1.1 Hygro vector contains promoters suitble for Escherichia coli, insect cells and mammalian cells, respectively. It is a good material to explore the expression effect of target gene in different expression systems. Consequently, both of the recombinant shuttle expression plasmid pTriEx-1.1Hygro-β2AR1-418 and pTriEx-1.1Hygro-β2AR63-418 can be applied to the further studies on β2AR expression and purification in all three of expression systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

First page | Prev page | Next page | Last page

Page 1 of 1, 8 records