【Objective】In order to find the technical pathway to improve both grain yield and resource use efficiency in rice production, this study compared high yield and high efficiency cultivation models integrated by various cultivation measures. 【Method】Four cultivation models were established in a double rice-cropping region in south China, i.e., nitrogen-free cultivation model (CK: 62.5 and 50.0×104 seedlings·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively; 0 kg N·hm-2 in both early and late seasons), local farming cultivation model (FM: 62.5 and 50.0×104 seedlings·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively; 150 and 165 kg N·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively, with 70% as basal fertilizer and 30% as tillering fertilizer in both seasons), high yield and high-efficiency cultivation model (T1: 135 and 112.5×104 seedlings·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively; 120 and 210 kg N·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively, with 50% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer, and 20% as panicle fertilizer in both seasons; 5 kg Zn·hm-2 as basal fertilizer in both early and late seasons), and more high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation model (T2: 176 and 137.5×104 seedlings·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively; 120 and 240 kg N·hm-2 in early and late season, respectively, with 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer, and 30% as panicle fertilizer in both seasons; 5 kg Zn·hm-2 and 1.8 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer in both early and late seasons; bed cultivation in both early and late seasons). Solar radiation and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice were compared among these four cultivation models.【Result】 Average annual yield under T2 was 15.1 t·hm-2, which was significantly higher than those under T1 and FM. Compared with FM, the yield of early indica rice and late japonica rice under T2 was increased by 13.3% and 24.9%, respectively. T2 significantly increased panicle number per unit land area and consequently spikelet number per unit land area for both early indica rice and late japonica rice. Average annual yield under T1 was 13.3 t·hm-2, which was higher than that under FM. Compared with FM, the yield of late japonica rice was increased by 9.5% while the yield of early indica rice was slightly decreased under T1. In the early season, dry matter accumulation at maturity under T2 was 12.30 t·hm-2, which was significantly higher than those under T1 and FM. The crop growth rate from transplanting to flowering was significantly higher under T2 than under T1 and FM. In the late season, dry matter accumulation at maturity under T2 was 17.96 t·hm-2, which was significantly higher than those under T1 and FM. The crop growth rate from flowering to maturity was higher or significantly higher under T2 than under FM and T1. Solar radiation use efficiency under T2 in early season and late season was 1.05 and 1.25 g·MJ-1, respectively, which was improved by 31.7% in the early season and 63.4% in the late season as compared to FM. Nitrogen agronomy use efficiency under T2 in early season and late season was 28.8 and 14.7 kg·kg-1, respectively, which was enhanced by 61.6% in the early season and 31.9% in the late season as compared to FM. 【Conclusion】Based on ecological characteristics of double-cropped rice in south China, 10%-20% increases in rice yield as well as solar radiation and nitrogen use efficiency can be achieved by the adoption of T2 model which is integrated by increasing seedling number and reducing nitrogen rate, improving soil oxygen content by bed cultivation, and enhancing the activity of grain filling by other cultivation measures such as Zn fertilizer.
