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Regulation of Comprehensive Nutritional Quality of Cucumber by Water and Fertilizer Coupling with Magnesium ZHU ChangAn,HE ZhiHao,CAI ZeLin,LIU JianFei,ZHANG Zhi Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2019, 52 (18): 3258-3270.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.017 Abstract （292）   HTML （10）    PDF （1389KB）（267）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 To provide a scientific basis of water and fertilizer management for high quality in cucumber production, this research aimed to analyze the effects of water-fertilizer coupling with magnesium on the comprehensive nutritional quality of cucumber. 【Method】 A design of composite quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation with four factors and five levels was adopted to characterize the experimental variables, such as the percentage of irrigation upper limit to field water holding capacity (X1), nitrogen application rate (X2), potassium application rate (X3) and magnesium application rate (X4). The contents of soluble protein, free amino acid, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C and nitrate were determined, and these six quality indicators were weighted according to AHP analytic hierarchy process, entropy weighting method and game-based combination weighting method, and then the comprehensive nutrition quality evaluation system of cucumber fruit was constructed based on TOPSIS method. Also, the response model of cucumber comprehensive nutritional quality to the coupling of water and fertilizer was established by regression analysis. 【Result】 The weights of single indicators were expressed as: vitamin C (0.2457)> reducing sugar (0.2305)> free amino acid (0.1666)> soluble sugar (0.1390)> soluble protein (0.1179)> nitrate (0.1003). Regarding the four-factor coupling, when the combination of factors were optimized as with magnesium application of 176.54-182.23 kg?hm -2, the upper limit of irrigation amount accounted of 65.71%-67.61%, the nitrogen application of 490.78-512.16 kg?hm -2and potassium application of 591.00-608.11 kg?hm -2, the comprehensive nutritional quality of cucumber reached to the best level. 【Conclusion】 Water-fertilizer coupling had a significant effect on the comprehensive nutritional quality of cucumber. Proper control of irrigation and nitrogen application, increase of magnesium and potassium application had a positive effect on the improvement of cucumber comprehensive nutritional quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Artemisia annua Extracts on CLA Synthesis and Mechanism WANG LiFang,ZHANG XingFu Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2019, 52 (18): 3271-3278.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.018 Abstract （313）   HTML （12）    PDF （417KB）（245）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The effects of Artemisia annua extracts (AAE) on gene SCD, ACACA, FASN and LPL related to CLA and milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMECs) culture in vitro were studied in this paper. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of AAE on the part mechanism of effecting CLA synthesis from the mammary.【Method】 We isolated BMEC by using tissue fragments from the mammary gland of a healthy Holstein cows in Mid lactation. The cells used in the experiment were the second generation ones which have been resuscitated. The cells were inoculated into 24-well plates at a density of 3×10 4 cells/mL and cultured at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The cells were counted by trypan blue counting method once a day. The experiment lasted for 7 d to draw the growth curve of the cells with three replicates, and the uncounted groups changed liquid every 2 d. When the cells grew to logarithmic proliferation stage, fresh culture medium was replaced and randomly divided into four groups, and the concentration of AAE in culture medium was 0, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg·L -1 individually for 48 h. The effects of different concentration of AAE on the gene expression of SCD, ACC, FAS and LPL related to fatty acid synthesis were detected. Each treatment was repeated for three times. 【Result】 The results showed as follows: the morphology and the growth curve for the BMECS looked like paving appearance and S-shaped respectively at 3×10 4 cfu/mL. The latent period and the exponential growth period for the BMECS was 1-2 d and 3-6 d, respectively, and then in the plateau stage, which were accorded with the general cells growth curve rule and showed that the cultured mammary epithelial cells had normal proliferation ability as used in the subsequent researches. Compared with the control group, there was the trend that AAE supplementation increased the expression of SCD enzyme gene, 3 mg·L -1 group significantly increased the expression of SCD gene (P<0.05), while the 6 mg·L -1 group and the 12 mg·L -1 group increased the expression of SCD gene, but there was no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The addition of AAE increased the expression of ACACA gene in mammary epithelial cells (P>0.05). The addition of AAE increased the expression of FASN gene with a dose-dependent manner, the 12mg·L -1 group increased the expression of FASN gene significantly (P<0.05). There was the trend that AAE supplementation decreased the expression of LPL enzyme gene with a dose-dependent manner, and the 6 mg·L -1 group and the 12 mg·L -1 group decreased the expression of LPL gene significantly (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that AAE supplementation could increase the expression of SCD, ACACA and FASN genes in BMECS, which was beneficial to CLA synthesis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Yield and Quality to Climatic and Ecological Conditions on the West Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain QU Yang,ZHANG Fei,WANG KeZhen,HAN Fang,LIU Yang,LUO Yan,GAO XiaoLi,LU Feng, Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2019, 52 (18): 3242-3257.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.016 Abstract （300）   HTML （13）    PDF （588KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality ZHANG AiYing,GUO ErHu,DIAO XianMin,FAN HuiPing,LI YuHui,WANG LiXia,ZHANG Li,WANG Rui,WANG Jun,GUO HongLiang,HAN Fang,CHENG LiPing,WU YinSheng Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2019, 52 (18): 3218-3231.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.014 Abstract （471）   HTML （20）    PDF （526KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The foxtail millet grain quality under different types of climate and soil, was determined in this study, in order to discover the main natural factors on the quality of millet, and to reveal the law in quality change, and to provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the rational distribution of high-quality millet.【Method】 This experiment was carried out at Qinxian and Changzhi, which have different types of climate and soil, during 2012 to 2017. The soil samples at the depth of 0-60 cm were exchanged between two places so that each experimental site has two soil types at the same time. The same millet cultivars were sowed at this two sites with the same fertilization. The soil nutrition, seventeen kinds of amino acids, protein, fat, amylose, VB and mineral nutrients such as K, Cu and Zn in millet grain were determined. The data during 2013 to 2017 was collected and analyzed using a split split-block design with interannual data as duplicates, climate types as the main area, soil types as the main fissure area, and other factors as the secondary fissure area.【Result】 There are obvious differences in millet quality under different climatic conditions. The results showed that the contents of most amino acids (except methionine, alanine and cystine), total amino acids, crude protein, VB2, K, Cu and Zn of millet grain in Qinxian were higher than in Changzhi, in contrast, the content of fat in Qinxian was lower than in Changzhi. Moreover the grain in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil. There are obvious differences in millet quality from different types of soils. The millets harvested from red soil contained more methionine, glycine, cystine, isoleucine, magnesium, iron and copper than that from cinnamon soil. The millets harvested from cinnamon soil contained more amino acids, protein, gel consistency, starch, VB1, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc content than that from red soil. Moreover, the content of selenium of millet from cinnamon soil is significantly higher than that from red soil, but the content of millet fat from red soil was significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil.【Conclusion】 Different types of climate and soil have effects on grain quality, millet palatability and the accumulation of mineral. Qinxian climate benefits the accumulation of most amino acids, protein and VB in millet grain. Also the grain harvested in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. Therefore, the millet in Qinxian has good quality and palatability. Moreover, red soil benefits the accumulation of magnesium, iron and copper, but cinnamon soil benefits the accumulation of amino acids, protein and VB1. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil, but millet from cinnamon soil are selenium-rich millet. In short, climate factors affect millet palatability, and soil factors affect millet quality and the accumulation of various mineral elements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Yellow Pigment Contents in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Under Diverse Ecological Conditions YANG YanBing, CHEN ErYing, WANG RunFeng, QIN Ling, YIN XiuBo, ZHANG HuiDi, LI FeiFei, GUAN YanAn Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2019, 52 (18): 3232-3241.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.015 Abstract （354）   HTML （21）    PDF （401KB）（316）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Grains of Setaria italica (L.) are known as millet after dehulling. Yellow pigment content in grains is one of the crucial factors affecting the value of commodity as well as nutritional quality of foxtail millet. Investigating variations of yellow pigment content across ecological conditions would contribute to breeding and utilization of new foxtail millet varieties featured by superior qualities.【Method】 Eight newly released superior and distinctive foxtail millet cultivars from the summer- sowing region in North China were planted at five locations in two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Yellow pigment contents of the foxtail millet cultivars were determined for each location. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted to determine the significant levels of differences for yellow pigment contents of foxtail millet cultivars under ecological conditions. Correlation analysis was performed on between yellow pigment content, and air temperature, rainfall and sunshine duration.【Result】Growing years, cultivar genotypes, growing locations × growing years, cultivar genotypes × growing years, and growing years × cultivar genotypes × growing years showed highly significant effects on yellow pigment content (P<0.01). Growing locations and growing locations×cultivar genotypes showed significant influences on yellow pigment content (P<0.05). Cultivar genotypes, growing locations, and their interactions had high contribution rate (57.12%, 27.57% and 6.12%, respectively) to the variation of yellow pigment content. Generally, yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted in 2017 were higher than those in 2016. In terms of growing locations, yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted at Jinan, Dezhou and Jining were significantly higher than those at Taian and Linyi both 2016 and 2017 (P<0.05). Yellow pigment content of the eight cultivars was averaged at 23.42 mg·kg -1 and ranged from 18.56 mg·kg -1 to 26.14 mg·kg -1. Among the cultivars, Zhonggu 2 had the highest yellow pigment content, while Jilügu 1 had the lowest. Moreover, there were no significant differences between Zhonggu 2, Jinuogu 2, Jigu 21, and Jigu19. However, yellow pigment contents of the above mentioned cultivars were higher than those of Yugu 18, Jigu 22, Jigu 20, and Jilügu 1. Furthermore, yellow pigment content was positively correlated with average temperature at seedling stage in June (r=0.908, P<0.01), average temperature at the middle and late grain filling stage (r=0.798, P<0.01), average temperature during growth period (r=0.808, P<0.01), sunshine hour in middle and later growth stages in September (r=0.771, P<0.01), and total sunshine hour of during growth period (r = 0.769, P<0.01).【Conclusion】Cultivar genotypes, growing years, locations and their interactions significantly affected yellow pigment content in foxtail millet. Among these factors, cultivar genotype played a key role. Moreover, variations and spatial-temporal distribution differences in meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and sunshine hour in different years and locations were important for yellow pigment accumulation. The higher average temperature and more sunshine hours in the middle and late stages of grain filling were beneficial to the accumulation of yellow pigment. Cultivar genotypes are the most significant element influencing yellow pigment contents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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