小麦茎基腐病发生对根际土壤微生物群落结构与代谢物组成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, key metabolites, and the occurrence of wheat crown rot by examining the differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and soil metabolites between healthy and diseased wheat plants, interpret the causes of wheat crown rot from a microbial ecological perspective, and to provide new insights and theoretical bases for disease management.【Method】Rhizosphere soils from healthy and crown rot-affected wheat plants were collected as research subjects. Metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic profiling were employed to investigate variations in microbial community structure and differential metabolites between diseased and healthy plants. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the correlations between soil microbial communities and soil nutrient properties, and the relationships between microbial community structure and key differential metabolites were further explored.【Result】The occurrence of wheat crown rot significantly reduced plant fresh weight and plant height. Although the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were lower than those of healthy plants, the differences were not statistically significant. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were decreased. At the genus level, differential abundance analysis showed that, among bacteria, the relative abundances of Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, Sphingomicrobium, and Lysobacter were significantly increased in the diseased rhizosphere soil, with increases of 73.51%, 21.53%, 23.48%, and 60.69%, respectively, whereas the relative abundances of Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium were significantly decreased by 23.50% and 16.66%, respectively. Among fungi, the relative abundance of Trichoderma was significantly increased by 130% in the diseased rhizosphere soil, while those of Tulasnella and Dentiscutata were significantly decreased by 45.79% and 81.36%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of microbial community composition and soil nutrients indicated a significant correlation between soil microbial communities and soil nutrient variables. Beneficial genera such as Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, and Bradyrhizobium were positively correlated with available potassium, organic matter, and nitrate nitrogen, whereas pathogenic genera including Aspergillus and Penicillium were positively correlated with organic matter and ammonium nitrogen, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 160 differential metabolites were detected between the rhizosphere soils of healthy and diseased plants. Combined analysis of soil microbial communities and metabolites revealed that Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium were significantly positively correlated with three organic acids (9-oxo-octadecadienoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) which are involved in plant defense and immune responses, while Lysobacter, Nocardioides, Sphingomicrobium, and Trichoderma showed significant negative correlations with these compounds.【Conclusion】The decreased diversity and altered community structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms in diseased plants may be a key factor contributing to the occurrence of wheat crown rot. Moreover, microbial community structure was significantly correlated with soil nutrient properties. Additionally, soil metabolite profiles were markedly altered in diseased plants and showed significant correlations with soil microbial community structure.

Key words: wheat crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum, microbial community structure, soil nutrient, soil metabolites

GUO JinWang, ZHAO WeiSong, LI SheZeng, MO ShaoJing, YANG Wei, LU XiuYun, GUO QingGang, MA Ping. Effects of Wheat Crown Rot Occurrence on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3778-3794.

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处理 Treatment	发病率 Incidence rate (%)	病情指数 Disease index	单株鲜重 Fresh weight per plant (g)	单株干重 Dry weight per plant (g)	平均株高 Average plant height (cm)
健株Healthy plant	0b	0b	0.33±0.003a	0.034±0.001a	22.63±0.27a
病株Disease plant	48.44±3.93a	28.71±0.74a	0.29±0.009b	0.028±0.002a	20.89±0.46b

处理Treatment	健株Healthy plant	病株Disease plant
速效磷AP (μmol·g^-1)	3.280±0.166a	3.170±0.150a
速效钾AK (mg·kg^-1)	165.594±7.212a	158.079±7.054a
有机质OM (%)	5.207±0.081a	5.347±0.065a
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (μg·g^-1)	12.273±1.389a	14.242±1.747a
硝态氮NO₃^--N (μg·g^-1)	21.231±1.157a	19.374±0.957a

处理 Treatment	丙二醛MDA (μg·g^-1)		脯氨酸Pro (nmol·g^-1)
处理 Treatment	根Root	茎Stem	根Root	茎Stem
健株Healthy plant	20.968±0.538a	34.404±1.119a	13.427±0.385a	31.878±0.801a
病株Disease plant	15.591±0.821b	31.900±0.988a	11.427±1.019a	20.096±0.385b

微生物群落 Microbial community	处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
细菌Bacteria	健株Healthy plant	3094.33±11.98a	3094.33±11.98a	4.69±0.01a	0.036±0.001a
细菌Bacteria	病株Disease plant	3079.33±15.24a	3079.33±15.24a	4.61±0.02a	0.033±0.001a
真菌Fungi	健株Healthy plant	54.33±0.88a	54.33±0.88a	3.59±0.03a	0.036±0.001b
真菌Fungi	病株Disease plant	50.33±4.84a	50.33±4.84a	3.34±0.09a	0.065±0.007a

分类Classification	代谢物名称Metabolite name	表达差异倍数FC	VIP值VIP value
糖类 Carbohydrate	N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	1.0321	1.4902
	核心寡糖Core oligosaccharide	1.0255	1.2696
	D-木酮糖D-xylulose	1.0242	1.3875
	5-甲硫基核糖5-Methylthioribose	1.0746	2.2322
有机酸 Organic acid	月桂酸Dodecanoic acid	0.9817	1.2050
	3-羟基二十烷酸3-Hydroxyicosanoic acid	1.0177	1.1214
	9-氧代十八碳二烯酸9-Oxooctadecadienoic acid	0.9847	1.1091
	2-正丙基-4-氧代戊酸2-N-propyl-4-oxopentanoic acid	1.0196	1.1617
	13-羟基十八碳二烯酸13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid	0.9859	1.0614
	二十二碳二酸Docosanedioic acid	1.0148	1.0250
	对甲苯磺酸P-toluenesulfonic acid	1.0497	1.6872

Effects of Wheat Crown Rot Occurrence on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition

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