磷酸二氢钾对玉米花生间作模式下花生膜系统损伤与防御及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.13.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Maize-peanut intercropping system can enhance resource utilization efficiency and yield. However, the yield of peanuts in the edge and middle rows decreases after the flower-pegging stage due to the shading effect of maize. Foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can effectively alleviate this impact. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effects of foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate application on membrane system damage, defense capacity, and yield in intercropped peanut systems, for providing a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation management of maize-peanut intercropping system.【Method】Using the maize variety Liangyu 99 and the peanut variety Huayu 22 as experimental materials, a maize:peanut with 2:4 intercropping system was employed. During the flower-pegging stage, foliar applications of a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were administered three times at a rate of 730 kg·hm^-2 per application, to investigate the effects of foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate application on peanut membrane system damage, osmoregulatory capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield.【Result】In maize-peanut intercropping system, foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate significantly reduced both the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in peanuts compared with no treatment. During the pod-filling stage, relative electrical conductivity values in sole cropping plots, middle rows of intercropping plots, and edge rows of intercropping plots decreased by 15.56%, 35.29%, and 43.37%, respectively, compared with untreated controls, respectively. The trend in malondialdehyde levels mirrored that of relative electrical conductivity: sole cropping < intercropping middle rows < intercropping edge rows. Foliar application also markedly increased soluble protein, soluble sugar, and free proline content in peanuts while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, with edge rows demonstrating significantly superior effects to middle rows, which in turn outperformed sole cropping. Consequently, foliar application substantially improved individual peanut plants' fruit number, full fruit weight per plant, and total weight per hundred fruits compared with control conditions, with yield increases 7.24%-18.86% in sole cropping, 14.48%-20.02% in middle rows, and 16.75%-33.13% in edge rows. There were significantly greater yield improvements in intercropping system than in sole cropping.【Conclusion】During the flower-pegging stage, foliar applications of a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution could help mitigate leaf membrane system damage caused by peanut shading in maize, enhance its osmoregulatory capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity, increase both the number and weight of full fruits per plant as well as the total weight per hundred fruits, thereby improving peanut yield under the maize-peanut intercropping system.

Key words: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, intercropping of maize and peanut, osmotic regulation capacity, activity of antioxidant enzymes, yield

MA PengLong, WANG MeiWen, LI XingZhu, SHANG WanTing, LIU Dan, MA XinRou, WANG Jing, JIANG ChunJi, ZHAO XinHua, WANG XiaoGuang. Effects of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate on Membrane System Damage, Defense Mechanisms and Yield in Peanut Under Intercropping with Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(13): 2802-2814.

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处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth stage
处理 Treatment	花针期 Flower-pegging stage	结荚期 Podding stage	饱果期 Full-pod stage
L0F0	0.29±0.01bc	0.36±0.08cd	0.45±0.02c
L0F1	0.17±0.01c	0.25±0.03d	0.38±0.01c
L1F0	0.40±0.11b	0.49±0.05bc	0.68±0.02b
L1F1	0.24±0.04c	0.31±0.09d	0.44±0.06c
L2F0	0.55±0.08a	0.77±0.12a	0.83±0.08a
L2F1	0.33±0.04bc	0.54±0.12b	0.47±0.12c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株饱果数 Number of full pods per plant	单株饱果重 Full pods weight per plant (g)	百果重 100-pods weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	L0F0	32.00±0.82b	34.10±1.48b	169.16±2.20b	4318.36±158.19b
	L0F1	36.00±1.41a	38.11±2.49a	180.65±4.70a	4631.16±32.40a
	L1F0	27.00±1.41c	29.20±2.03c	157.23±0.66c	3545.00±82.32c
	L1F1	31.00±1.41b	33.02±1.55b	166.60±1.058b	4058.27±81.05b
	L2F0	23.33±2.05d	24.08±1.09d	154.01±2.66c	2791.50±96.40c
	L2F1	26.33±0.94c	28.54±0.68c	157.71±3.21c	3259.21±182.08c
2023	L0F0	26.40±4.08b	40.19±2.66b	170.15±4.61c	4645.70±558.40b
	L0F1	39.60±7.27a	54.81±8.82a	202.11±3.69a	5521.75±208.43a
	L1F0	18.70±1.59c	25.83±4.54c	163.11±5.63c	3790.38±324.62c
	L1F1	27.93±2.04b	38.40±2.69b	184.64±9.74b	4549.35±245.63b
	L2F0	9.53±0.74d	13.72±0.99d	145.60±6.12d	2747.20±91.23d
	L2F1	18.00±2.41c	25.20±6.08c	169.11±2.23c	3657.30±415.65c
年份 Year (Y)		**	NS	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**
Y×T		**	**	**	NS

Effects of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate on Membrane System Damage, Defense Mechanisms and Yield in Peanut Under Intercropping with Maize

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