种子处理对模拟干旱胁迫玉米苗期生长与养分吸收的调控效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.12.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Seed treatments can enhance the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. This study explored the effects of different seed treatment methods under drought stress on the growth and nutrient uptake of maize at the seedling stage, to provide a theoretical reference for maize cultivation with high yield, high efficiency and strong ecological adaptability.【Method】A pot experiment was conducted, with five seed treatments, including control (CK), ultrasound (US), ultrasound+polysaccharide (US+OS), ultrasound+microorganism (US+B), and integrated technology (US+polysaccharide+microorganism, IPM). The agronomic traits, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and nutrient uptake of maize at the seedling stage under different simulated drought stress conditions were investigated. Combining with the Mantel test and random forest, the potential relationships among the indicators affecting the nutrient uptake of maize were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the CK, seed treatment significantly improved the plant height, leaf area, root length, root surface area, root volume and root diameter. These stimulative features were conducive to increasing the root dry weight by 69.23%-171.15% under light drought, 59.09%-218.18% under moderate drought, and 93.84%-264.52% under severe drought. Seed treatment significantly regulated the SPAD values and gas exchange parameters under drought stress, and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby improving the production of photosynthetic substances and the ability of osmotic regulation. The changes in physiological parameters directly promoted the functional metabolism of the plants, which was conducive to optimizing nutrient uptake of the leaves and roots. The US+B treatment achieved the greatest increase, with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of maize under drought stress increased by 31.59%-59.21% for leaves and 39.79%-82.35% for roots, 33.70%-69.94% for leaves and 51.66%-88.69% for roots, and 47.71%-78.17% for leaves and 57.59%- 108.08% for roots, respectively. The Mantel test and the random forest analysis revealed that seed treatment obviously enhanced multiple growth parameters, thereby comprehensively improving the drought resistance of maize. The plant biomass, leaf area, and plant height were the key parameters affecting nutrient uptake.【Conclusion】Seed treatment could promote nutrient uptake and dry matter accumulation by optimizing the aboveground agronomic traits and root morphological characteristics of maize at the seedling stage under drought stress, and improving the photosynthetic physiological metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities of leaves. The US+B treatment was expected to be a potential practice for enhancing the maize productivity in the dryland farmlands of the North China.

Key words: seed treatment, drought stress, maize roots, antioxidant enzyme, nutrient uptake

YANG JingWen, CHANG LiYun, LU WeiAn, WANG HaiHua, JIANG Ying, ZHANG Wen, GONG XiangWei, LÜ GuoHua. Effects of Seed Treatment on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Maize at the Seedling Stage Under Simulated Drought Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(12): 2591-2605.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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Table 1

Effects of seed treatment on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of maize seedlings under drought stress"

干旱胁迫 Drought stress	种子处理 Seed treatment	干旱胁迫20 d Drought stress for 20 d				干旱胁迫27 d Drought stress for 27 d
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	种子处理 Seed treatment	净光合速率 P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂ 浓度C_i (μmol·mol^-1）	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	净光合速率 P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂ 浓度C_i (μmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
常规处理 Normal treatment	CK	20.53±0.59c	0.08±0.01c	21.80±1.75c	2.73±0.40c	35.60±0.53c	0.36±0.04a	150.33±9.81a	10.38±0.45ab
	US	26.43±2.03b	0.30±0.03a	25.70±2.76ab	4.47±0.60b	41.70±0.89a	0.36±0.03a	155.00±2.00a	11.28±0.68a
	US+OS	30.37±2.58b	0.15±0.01b	24.50±1.16ab	5.62±0.14a	38.83±1.01b	0.30±0.04a	123.67±1.15b	8.66±0.94c
	US+B	36.57±1.79a	0.18±0.01b	25.20±1.82a	4.50±0.40b	37.70±1.31b	0.29±0.02a	125.00±1.15b	8.83±0.42c
	IPM	35.07±1.37a	0.18±0.01b	22.80±1.78bc	6.62±0.75a	39.00±0.56b	0.33±0.08a	150.33±1.53a	9.95±0.07b
轻度干旱 Light drought	CK	30.77±0.90c	0.16±0.01b	44.00±3.57d	3.96±0.43c	19.77±0.85c	0.15±0.01b	99.13±9.42c	6.44±0.90b
	US	37.60±2.01b	0.21±0.02ab	51.77±1.25c	5.44±0.41b	26.30±1.97a	0.20±0.01a	122.27±4.56b	7.83±0.42a
	US+OS	39.90±1.64ab	0.23±0.02a	58.57±1.61ab	5.66±0.38ab	23.30±1.15b	0.20±0.02a	146.67±11.15a	8.00±0.81a
	US+B	42.20±0.61a	0.23±0.01a	62.30±2.34a	6.17±0.26a	24.33±1.36ab	0.16±0.01b	99.07±3.00c	6.91±0.15ab
	IPM	39.37±1.25b	0.22±0.01a	54.97±1.08bc	5.62±0.2ab	22.23±1.40bc	0.15±0.01b	106.17±9.25c	6.45±0.55b
中度干旱 Moderate drought	CK	27.40±1.71c	0.17±0.01bc	22.63±1.07d	3.36±0.23c	20.07±0.25d	0.14±0.01ab	67.03±3.80ab	5.99±0.83a
	US	36.83±1.29b	0.16±0.02c	30.43±0.71c	5.07±0.29a	23.63±0.42bc	0.14±0.01ab	47.03±3.03d	5.94±0.39a
	US+OS	34.40±1.10b	0.16±0.02c	46.63±1.99a	4.34±0.08b	22.47±1.27c	0.13±0.01b	75.03±3.87a	5.70±0.39c
	US+B	36.47±2.02b	0.21±0.03b	42.60±2.10b	4.95±0.18a	25.73±1.27a	0.15±0.01a	55.30±7.38cd	6.36±0.42a
	IPM	39.63±0.29a	0.24±0.02a	42.10±1.59b	5.09±0.10a	24.83±1.25ab	0.14±0.01ab	62.80±7.26bc	5.72±0.55a
重度干旱 Severe drought	CK	25.83±1.60c	0.17±0.01c	38.20±0.62d	5.44±0.17c	19.13±0.80c	0.13±0.05b	69.77±0.55ab	4.49±0.83c
	US	34.57±2.12b	0.19±0.01c	44.00±2.43c	6.46±0.49b	29.33±0.75a	0.14±0.02ab	65.10±2.82c	5.34±0.36bc
	US+OS	41.53±2.06a	0.34±0.03a	44.70±1.73c	7.51±0.30a	24.70±0.26b	0.15±0.01ab	85.43±4.06a	5.83±0.48ab
	US+B	41.33±0.21a	0.27±0.01b	55.43±1.84a	7.92±0.58a	24.40±0.66b	0.15±0.02ab	72.50±4.8ab	6.06±0.43ab
	IPM	33.93±1.91b	0.20±0.02c	50.93±1.76b	5.34±0.11c	28.57±0.01a	0.18±0.01a	73.60±4.49ab	6.71±0.55a
ANOVA
干旱胁迫Drought stress		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
种子处理Seed treatment		**	**	**	**	**	ns	**	*
干旱胁迫×种子处理 Drought stress ×Seed treatment		**	**	**	**	**	*	**	**

Table 1

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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