不同类型粪肥替减氮肥对稻油轮作系统作物产量和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.11.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Livestock manure recycling in farmland is an effective measure to dispose of livestock waste, reduce chemical fertilizer usage, and achieve green sustainable development in agriculture. Based on a two-year field experiment, this study explored the impacts of applying different types of manure under reduced chemical fertilization on crop yield, nutrient uptake, and utilization efficiency in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, which aimed to provide scientific guidance for the rational application of manure in rice-oilseed rape rotation production systems.【Method】The field trial was conducted in Dafasi Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, from 2022 to 2024. Under the condition of straw return to the field, the trial was set up with seven treatments: conventional fertilization (Con), 15% nitrogen fertilizer reduction on the basis of Con (85%N), pig biogas slurry fertilizer application on the basis of Con replacing 15% chemical nitrogen fertilizer (85%N+PS), Con application on the basis of chicken manure-based solid fertilizer to replace 15% chemical nitrogen fertilizer (85%N+CM), 30% nitrogen fertilizer reduction on Con basis (70%N), pig biogas slurry fertilizer to replace 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer on Con basis (70%N+PS), and chicken manure-based solid fertilizer to replace 30% chemical nitrogen fertilizer on Con basis (70%N+CM). Based on the crop yield, yield constituting factors, and nutrient accumulation in conjunction with the nutrient harvest index, nutrient apparent balance and fertilizer contribution rate were analyzed comprehensively. 【Result】The results of the two-season experiment showed that the application of different types of manure under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer reduction could improve the crop yield and nutrient uptake of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system. There was no significant difference in yield, nitrogen and potassium accumulation and harvest index of oilseed rape and rice under 85%N+CM and 85%N+PS treatments compared with Con treatment. However, different types of manure showed significant effects on enhancing crop nutrient uptake and regulating the annual nutrient balance across the rotation cycles, and the 85%N+CM treatment significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation in oilseed rape and rice (the increases were 22.1%-24.8% and 16.6%-16.9%, respectively), but the annual phosphorus surplus and profit and loss ratio increased by 155.9% and 60.3%, respectively, due to the large amount of phosphorus input brought by chicken manure-based solid fertilizer. In contrast, the 85%N+PS treatment reduced the annual nitrogen and phosphorus surplus by 23.5% and 5.9%, respectively, and the corresponding profit and loss ratios decreased by 17.9% and 6.7%, respectively, while maintaining crop nutrient uptake. Compared with 85%N+CM treatment, the FCR of 85%N+PS treatment in oilseed rape and rice increased by 17.4%-27.0% and 24.1%-35.5%, respectively, this not only achieved an efficient substitution of chemical N fertilizer but also substantially alleviated the pressure of soil nutrient surplus : the surplus of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was reduced by 28.6%, 63.2% and 35.5%, respectively, and the profit and loss ratio was reduced by 19.3%, 41.8% and 20.5%, respectively. When the nitrogen reduction ratio reached 30% (70%N+CM/PS), compared with the 85%N+CM/PS treatment, the yield of oilseed rape and rice decreased by 7.2%-18.5% and 6.9%-15.7%, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots decreased significantly, the annual nutrient surplus and profit and loss ratio increased. 【Conclusion】In conclusion, compared with conventional fertilization, the application of different types of manure under the condition of a 15% reduction in nitrogen could not only ensure the crop yield of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system, but also effectively promote the absorption of nutrients by crops, among them, combined with pig biogas liquid fertilizer (85%N+PS) treatment to further improve nutrient uptake and FCR while maintaining yield, and reduce the annual nutrient surplus of rotation, and achieve the level of conventional fertilization. Therefore, it was recommended as the best manure return model for the rice-oilseed rape rotation system.

Key words: chicken manure-based solid fertilizer, pig biogas slurry fertilizer, rice-oilseed rape rotation, yield, nutrient uptake

LUO XinXin, YU QiuHua, ZHANG ShuZhen, ZHANG Qian, ZHOU ZhiHua, LI XiaoKun, LU ZhiFeng, CONG RiHuan, LU JianWei. Effects of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Manure on Crop Yield and Nutrient Uptake Under Rice-Oilseed Rape Rotation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(11): 2420-2433.

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年份 Year	种植季 Crop season	猪沼液肥 Pig biogas slurry fertilizer			鸡粪源固体粪肥 Chicken manure-based solid organic fertilizer
年份 Year	种植季 Crop season	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
2022-2023	油菜季 Oilseed rape season	0.061	0.004	0.023	1.98	1.34	1.43
2022-2023	水稻季 Rice season	0.073	0.003	0.040	1.25	2.01	1.16
2023-2024	油菜季 Oilseed rape season	0.059	0.004	0.034	1.76	1.62	1.40
2023-2024	水稻季 Rice season	0.126	0.027	0.047	1.45	1.52	1.24

处理 Treatment	化肥Chemical fertilizer			粪肥Manure			总施用量 Total application amount			秸秆Straw
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
Con	360	120	180	0	0	0	360	120	180	74	35	368
85%N	306	120	180	0	0	0	306	120	180	63	30	328
85%N+CM	306	120	180	73	73	59	379	193	239	75	40	370
85%N+PS	306	120	180	30	4	14	336	124	194	75	34	377
70%N	252	120	180	0	0	0	252	120	180	52	26	288
70%N+CM	252	120	180	73	73	59	325	193	239	63	37	338
70%N+PS	252	120	180	30	4	14	282	124	194	62	31	335

处理 Treatment	收获密度 Density (×10⁴·hm^-2）		单株角果数 Pods of plant (No./plant)		每角粒数 Seed number (No./pod)		千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
处理 Treatment	2022-2023	2023-2024	2022-2023	2023-2024	2022-2023	2023-2024	2022-2023	2023-2024
70%N	50.9±4.0a	42.7±2.3b	65.0±3.0c	53.9±3.9c	20.7±1.1a	20.4±0.8a	3.66±0.08a	3.72±0.11a
70%N+CM	52.6±3.5a	46.7±4.3a	66.9±4.0c	63.2±6.0bc	20.9±1.4a	20.7±1.4a	3.65±0.10a	3.70±0.15a
70%N+PS	51.5±2.9a	45.8±2.7ab	68.3±5.3c	65.6±5.1b	21.4±1.0a	20.7±1.6a	3.68±0.13a	3.72±0.10a
85%N	47.2±3.4ab	42.2±3.1b	77.1±4.2b	68.1±4.8b	22.3±1.0a	21.6±1.3a	3.68±0.13a	3.75±0.13a
85%N+CM	50.5±4.3a	45.8±2.6ab	80.1±5.9b	82.6±5.1a	20.9±0.6a	20.2±1.8a	3.72±0.08a	3.71±0.17a
85%N+PS	46.9±2.8ab	43.1±2.5b	94.4±5.5a	88.4±6.5a	21.2±0.8a	20.7±1.4a	3.72±0.10a	3.74±0.09a
Con	43.7±3.2b	40.6±2.8b	97.7±5.0a	88.4±6.8a	21.5±0.8a	22.3±1.0a	3.65±0.13a	3.74±0.08a
ANOVA	F值 F value		F值 F value		F值 F value		F值 F value
Treatment	4.97 *		38.19 **		1.06 ns		0.17 ns
Year	27.87 **		12.01 *		0.93 ns		1.81 ns
T×Y	0.98 ns		1.22 ns		0.37 ns		0.14 ns

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles（×10⁴·hm^-2）		穗粒数 Grain number (No./panicles)		结实率 Seed setting rate (%)		千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
处理 Treatment	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
70%N	310.3±16.5c	277.7±23.6c	140.3±5.5a	143.2±8.6a	79.8±1.9a	79.2±2.3b	22.3±1.13a	22.2±0.91a
70%N+CM	367.5±30.0b	344.0±29.6b	143.9±3.6a	142.9±13.0a	80.7±1.0a	79.4±0.7b	21.3±0.98a	20.5±0.91a
70%N+PS	352.0±18.7b	327.6±28.6b	150.6±9.9a	145.6±6.3a	79.0±2.4a	81.3±1.3ab	20.9±1.30a	22.2±0.33a
85%N	369.1±18.0b	350.5±20.8b	138.1±11.8a	137.2±3.4a	80.2±0.6a	79.7±0.4b	21.2±0.78a	21.7±0.92a
85%N+CM	404.5±25.4a	406.6±14.0a	135.4±8.9a	135.8±7.1a	80.6±0.5a	80.7±0.6ab	21.9±1.00a	21.4±0.50a
85%N+PS	415.2±16.8a	423.4±29.6a	150.0±12.6a	133.7±10.5a	79.2±0.7a	81.8±0.8a	22.7±1.25a	21.8±0.88a
Con	410.2±16.8a	397.8±18.8a	147.3±9.1a	130.1±11.0a	81.7±4.4a	81.8±1.6a	22.5±0.83a	20.6±1.37a
ANOVA	F值 F value		F值 F value		F值 F value		F值 F value
Treatment	28.70 **		1.18 ns		0.96 ns		1.39 ns
Year	5.33 *		3.35 ns		0.52 ns		1.32 ns
T×Y	0.80 ns		1.14 ns		1.04 ns		1.77 ns

Effects of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Manure on Crop Yield and Nutrient Uptake Under Rice-Oilseed Rape Rotation

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