Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1255-1271.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.06.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Different Size Aggregates in Rice Field Soils in Response to Long-Term Fertilization

LI XingYu(), HUANG Rong(), XIAN YiMing, TIAN JiaoJiao, MA XiaoJin, YANG QiaoXi, LI Bing, WANG ChangQuan   

  1. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2025-05-16 Accepted:2025-07-22 Online:2026-03-16 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: HUANG Rong

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and its fractions, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in different particle size aggregates under different fertilization regimes in paddy soil, and to analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific foundation for enhancing carbon sequestration and CO2 emission reduction in paddy soils from an aggregate perspective. 【Method】Based on a soil incubation experiment, and using dichromate volumetric method, physical separation method and headspace periodic gas collection-gas chromatography, the OC and its fractions, CO2 emission characteristics of different particle size aggregates (<0.25 mm, 0.25-1 mm, 1-2 mm) were comparatively analyzed under different fertilization treatments (no fertilization, CK; conventional fertilization, NPK; and 50% substitution for 50% nitrogen fertilizers, HOM). 【Result】 (1) The NPK treatment decreased OC content in 1-2 mm aggregates compared with the CK. In contrast, compared with NPK, the OC content of aggregates treated with HOM treatment increased by 5.8% to 29.4%, respectively. Both fertilization treatments (NPK and HOM) significantly enhanced the content of particulate organic carbon (POC) in 0.25-1 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates, with increases of 37.4%-79.6% and 4.3%-47.8% compared with CK, respectively, and HOM facilitated the turnover of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) from 1-2 mm to <0.25 mm aggregates. (2) There were significant differences in the correlations between POC, MAOC, and OC across various aggregate particle sizes. For <0.25 mm aggregates, both POC and MAOC exhibited significantly positive correlations with OC content. For 0.25-1 mm aggregates, a significant positive correlation existed between MAOC and OC content. For 0.25-1 mm aggregates, a significant positive correlation existed between POC and OC content. (3) During the incubation experiment period, cumulative CO2 emissions of <0.25 mm aggregates were the lowest, which significantly reduced by 51.0%-83.7% and 23.1%-89.9% compared with 0.25-1 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates, respectively. Compared with NPK, HOM treatment significantly reduced the cumulative CO2 emissions in <0.25 mm and 0.25-1 mm aggregates by 146.27 and 364.27 g·kg-1, respectively, which was related to the changes in organic carbon fractions and the increase of aggregate pH and C/N under HOM treatment. 【Conclusion】Different fertilization regimes have altered the OC and its fractions, CO2 emissions in different particle size aggregates. In detail, organic substitution promoted the accumulation of OC in aggregates, significantly increasing the POC content in 0.25-1 mm and 1-2 mm aggregates. Concurrently, it promoted the transfer of MAOC from 1-2 mm to <0.25 mm aggregates, while significantly reducing the CO2 emissions in <0.25 mm and 0.25-1 mm aggregated relative to conventional fertilization. Overall, organic substitution for 50% nitrogen fertilizers was beneficial for reducing the CO2 emissions of <0.25 mm and 0.25-1 mm aggregates in paddy field and enhancing the stability of organic carbon.

Key words: long-term fertilization, aggregates, organic carbon fraction, CO2 emissions, organic substitution, rice field

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of soil"

pH 有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g·kg-1)		 全钾
Total potassium
(g·kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg·kg-1)
6.63 28.40 1.40 0.88 22.25 113.00 8.50 53.00

Fig. 1

Organic carbon content in different size aggregate under different fertilization treatments Different capital letters indicate the significant differences of organic carbon content in different size aggregates under the same incubation time and fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different incubation time under the same particle size and fertilization treatment in bar chart (a-c) (P<0.05); Different capital letters indicate the significant differences between soil aggregates of different particle size under the same fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different fertilization treatment under the same particle size in box chart (d) (P<0.05)"

Fig. 2

Soil POC, MAOC and DOC content in different size aggregate under different fertilization treatments Different capital letters indicate the significant differences of POC, MAOC, DOC in different size aggregates under the same incubation time and fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different incubation time under the same particle size and fertilization treatment in bar chart (a-i) (P<0.05); Different capital letters indicate the significant differences between soil aggregates of different particle size under the same fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different fertilization treatment under the same particle size in box chart (j-l) (P<0.05)"

Table 2

Analysis of variance of influencing factors of aggregate organic carbon and its fractions"

培养时间
Incubation time,
T		 施肥措施
Fertilization,
F		 团聚体粒级
Size of aggregates,
S		 培养时间×
施肥措施
T×F		 施肥措施×
团聚体粒级
F×S		 团聚体粒级×
培养时间
S×T		 培养时间×施肥措施×
团聚体粒级
T×F×S
OC P=0.001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001
POC P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001
MAOC P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001
DOC P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001 P<0.0001

Fig. 3

Soil pH (a), TN (b), and C/N (c) distribution in different aggregate sizes under different fertilization treatments Different capital letters indicate the significant differences of pH, TN, C/N in different size aggregates under the same fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different fertilization treatment under the same size aggregates in the box chart (P<0.05)"

Fig. 4

The CO2 flux and cumulative emissions in different aggregate sizes under different fertilization treatments Different capital letters indicate the significant differences of CO2 cumulative emissions in different size aggregates under the same fertilization treatment, and different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences at different fertilization treatment under the same size aggregates (P<0.05). * Indicates the differences in CO2 cumulative emissions among different fertilization treatments (P<0.05)"

Fig. 5

The changes in soil iron forms (a) and microbial residues (b) and the linear relationship between OC and POC, MAOC in different size aggregates (c-e), and under different fertilization treatments"

Fig. 6

Random Forest of soil factors on CO2 emissions in soil aggregates (a) and spearman analysis between DOC and POC, MAOC (b)"

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