生长调节剂对玉米大豆带状间作下夏玉米茎秆特性与产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study clarified the physiological basis of the effects of growth regulators on the stem characteristics and yield of summer maize under maize-soybean strip intercropping, with the aim of providing the technical support and theoretical basis for improving the lodging resistance of summer maize and ensuring stable and high yield in the intercropping system. 【Method】 In 2023-2024, using maize variety of Denghai 605, soybean varieties of Heidou 22 and Andou 203 as test materials, under the strip intercropping pattern of 4 rows of maize and 6 rows of soybeans, six treatments were designed (CK, treatment with water; T1, 300 mg·L^-1ethepene+0.03 mg·L^-12, 4-epibrassinolide; T2, 300 mg·L^-1ethepene+0.03 mg·L^-1 aminosterol; T3, 300 mg·L^-1ethylene glycol+0.03 mg·L^-12, 4-epibrassinolide+0.03 mg·L^-1aminosterol; T4, 300 mg·L^-1 ethylene glycol+2 g·L^-1 chlorpyritin+ 0.03 mg·L^-12, 4-epibrassinolide; T5, 300 mg·L^-1ethoxylenol+2 g·L^-1 chlorpyritin+0.03 mg·L^-12, 4-epibrassinolide +0.03 mg·L^-1 aminosterol) at the V7 (7-leaf) stage. The maize plants were sprayed with either water or different combinations of these growth regulators. The effects of various combination treatments on the morphology of intercropped maize plants, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose content in the third internode from the base, as well as on yield, were investigated. 【Result】 Compared with CK, the application of growth regulators increased the stem diameter, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content in the maize third internode from the base, while reducing maize plant height and length of the third internode, thus improving the lodging resistance of intercropped maize. In addition, the growth regulators increased the leaf area index (LAI), number of ears per hectare, and ear tip length of maize, while reducing its plant height, ear length, number of kernels per ear, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The decrease in yield was primarily due to the reduction in the number of kernels per ear and thousand kernel weight caused by the growth regulators. The T3 and T5 treatments had higher leaf area index, stem diameter, and lignin content in the third internode, with a yield reduction of 0.38%-1.53% (T3) and 1.40%-3.03% (T5), indicating that the combination treatments of ethephon, 2,4-epibrassinolide, and aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (T3 and T5) were beneficial to maize yield formation in the intercropping system. 【Conclusion】 After the application of growth regulators, the stem diameter and lignin content of intercropped maize in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system increased, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. Under the experimental conditions, the combination of ethephon (300 mg·L^-1), 2,4-epibrassinolide (0.03 mg·L^-1), and aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (0.03 mg·L^-1) was found to be the most effective growth regulator formulation for improving the lodging resistance of maize stalks in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system while conducive to the stable yield of intercropping maize.

Key words: maize-soybean strip intercropping, growth regulators, summer maize, stem characteristics, yield

GAO ChunHua, ZHAO HaiJun, ZHAO FengTao, KONG WeiLin, JU FeiYan, LI ZongXin, SHI DeYang, LIU Ping. Effect of Growth Regulators on the Stem Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4920-4935.

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Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Fig. 1

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Table 2

Effects of growth regulators on stem diameter and internode length of the third internode of intercropped maize base"

地点 Site	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎粗Stem diameter			节间长Internode length
地点 Site	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	乳熟期 Milking stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	乳熟期 Milking stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
莱州 Laizhou	2023	CK	19.09±0.02c	19.80±0.14e	17.54±0.27d	12.27±0.15a	13.90±0.53a	14.60±0.10a
		T1	20.37±0.68b	21.62±0.45bc	18.83±0.39c	9.30±0.20c	10.30±0.26d	11.33±0.15c
		T2	20.84±0.21b	21.12±0.06c	18.93±0.14bc	9.33±0.15c	11.20±0.26c	11.50±0.10c
		T3	22.04±0.78a	22.87±0.24a	20.93±0.41a	10.17±0.15b	12.13±0.15b	12.27±0.06b
		T4	20.87±0.86b	20.60±0.56d	19.04±0.03bc	8.07±0.12d	9.17±0.21e	9.83±0.15e
		T5	21.14±0.20a	21.98±0.34b	19.45±0.42b	9.43±0.15c	10.20±0.26d	10.77±0.15d
	2024	CK	19.08±0.59e	19.79±0.14d	17.41±0.16e	13.03±0.06a	13.80±0.10a	14.07±0.15a
		T1	20.07±0.08d	20.42±0.05c	18.42±0.09d	10.17±0.29d	11.17±0.15c	11.77±0.15c
		T2	21.44±0.37b	21.52±0.18b	19.93±0.07b	10.60±0.10c	11.37±0.15c	11.87±0.15c
		T3	22.37±0.39a	22.70±0.32a	20.75±0.06a	11.73±0.12b	12.07±0.21b	12.70±0.10b
		T4	19.38±0.24e	19.76±0.17e	17.55±0.13e	9.33±0.15e	9.77±0.21e	10.10±0.20e
		T6	20.80±0.15c	21.51±0.49c	18.99±0.28c	10.30±0.10d	10.73±0.15d	11.13±0.15d
桓台 Huantai	2024	CK	18.83±0.51d	19.81±0.27c	16.78±0.20e	13.20±0.20a	14.17±0.25a	14.70±0.44a
		T1	20.98±0.73b	21.24±0.32b	18.96±0.74c	10.60±0.10d	11.07±0.15d	11.63±0.21c
		T2	21.81±0.33ab	21.84±0.74ab	19.70±0.34b	10.10±0.10e	10.60±0.10e	11.13±0.21d
		T3	22.55±0.47a	22.83±1.14a	20.43±0.26a	11.80±0.10b	12.30±0.10b	12.83±0.06b
		T4	19.91±0.76c	20.96±1.16bc	17.84±0.22d	9.73±0.15f	9.97±0.12f	10.20±0.10e
		T6	21.14±0.20b	21.98±0.34ab	19.13±0.13bc	11.40±0.20c	11.40±0.20c	11.73±0.15c
F值 F value	年份 Year		0.47	2.64	0.73	73.58**	4.23	2.11
	处理 Treatment		8.55*	14.02**	8.28*	73.98**	59.75**	62.75**
	年份×处理 Year×Treatment		3.66*	5.33**	15.76**	6.12**	3.84*	10.7**
	地点 Site		4.96	7.39*	0.04	1.68	0.25	0.23
	处理 Treatment		44.78**	23.36**	35.88**	23.37*	32.69**	32.33**
	地点×处理 Site×Treatment		1.08	0.92	3.49*	17.92**	13.35**	10.13**

Table 2

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Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 3

Table 4

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试验地点 Experiment site	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (g·kg^-1)	年均降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm)	年均气温 Average annual temperature (℃)	年均日照 Average annual sunshine duration (h)
桓台Huantai	14.6	0.99	93.50	46.95	112.34	586.40	13.40	2832.0
莱州Laizhou	10.3	0.89	91.50	50.65	106.15	729.20	11.81	2672.2

地点 Site	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	轴粗 Kernels per spike (mm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	秃尖长 Barren ear tip (cm)
莱州 Laizhou	2023	CK	52.21±0.51a	27.04±2.38a	17.85±1.49a	2.06±0.36c
		T1	51.51±0.80a	25.97±1.21ab	16.50±1.80b	2.12±0.15b
		T2	50.73±0.93a	25.86±0.93ab	16.86±1.36b	2.18±0.16b
		T3	51.39±0.95a	25.74±1.14b	15.80±1.65c	2.16±0.21b
		T4	51.39±1.54a	26.07±0.54b	16.15±1.76bc	2.30±0.19a
		T5	51.03±1.28a	25.12±0.51b	16.72±0.94b	2.32±0.13a
	2024	CK	51.19±1.24a	26.80±1.29a	17.49±0.96a	2.02±0.33c
		T1	50.87±2.15a	25.44±0.81a	16.30±1.03b	2.27±0.16b
		T2	51.89±2.22a	25.55±0.74a	15.98±1.06b	2.18±0.17b
		T3	49.30±3.65a	25.74±1.58a	16.31±0.96b	2.09±0.39bc
		T4	51.28±1.96a	26.09±1.17a	15.90±0.50b	2.44±0.21a
		T5	51.09±1.79a	25.69±1.10a	16.48±0.80b	2.15±0.20d
桓台 Huantai	2024	CK	47.20±0.03a	25.68±0.24a	17.53±0.45a	2.20±0.05c
		T1	45.67±0.05c	25.02±0.04b	16.44±0.17b	2.61±0.10a
		T2	45.52±0.08c	24.66±0.16b	16.03±0.15bc	2.26±0.03c
		T3	46.32±0.20b	23.72±0.08c	14.71±0.54d	2.53±0.02b
		T4	44.50±0.11d	23.83±0.53c	15.48±0.07c	2.62±0.14a
		T5	44.39±0.06d	23.29±0.08d	16.33±0.44b	2.46±0.39b
F值 F value	年份 Year		2.27	0.27	0.98	0.02
	处理 Treatment		0.64	7.78	7.36*	4.33
	年份×处理 Year×Treatment		1.64	0.35*	0.63	1.23
	地点 Site		103.26*	1869.18**	1.31	21.92**
	处理 Treatment		1.31	12.78	4.85	5.21*
	地点×处理 Site×Treatment		2.28	0.01	3.01*	6.50**

地点 Site	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Ear number (ears/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
莱州 Laizhou	2023	CK	9227.70±258.33a	53564.37±961.54b	525.07±6.66a	322.40±27.10a
		T1	8744.64±83.92b	54807.97±555.15b	505.93±5.78c	315.64±19.11b
		T2	8630.10±209.60b	56731.05±961.54b	512.47±8.60b	316.14±16.97b
		T3	9192.34±132.61a	60064.43±555.15a	522.13±5.57a	304.82±9.55b
		T4	8434.26±214.29b	54807.97±961.54b	505.33±22.59c	314.66±4.02b
		T5	9094.60±150.65a	62500.31±961.54a	513.00±12.40b	298.18±9.54b
	2024	CK	8677.19±311.97a	63141.34±1110.29b	436.67±32.35a	324.27±6.76a
		T1	8283.18±163.40c	64102.88±555.15b	427.11±65.81b	305.47±6.85b
		T2	8470.70±139.22b	64423.40±961.54b	430.22±55.49b	312.13±5.59b
		T3	8523.47±227.86a	65705.46±555.15a	428.67±49.94b	316.37±4.39b
		T4	8206.61±158.53c	62179.80±555.15c	423.78±42.99b	313.57±4.99b
		T5	8504.49±45.61a	66346.49±961.54a	396.44±116.22c	312.13±4.99b
桓台 Huantai	2024	CK	8746.92±159.26a	63461.86±555.15b	448.87±4.36a	320.33±0.23a
		T1	8100.28±133.75b	63782.37±1468.78b	428.93±0.74c	312.23±1.24b
		T2	8533.38±143.75a	63461.86±961.54b	43033±3.74c	309.13±0.64b
		T3	8612.70±117.24a	65064.43±1110.30a	440.20±2.29b	299.17±5.87b
		T4	7992.54±166.37b	63461.86±1665.44b	423.80±2.19c	297.57±1.59b
		T5	8481.74±98.67a	65384.94±0a	439.47±4.09b	304.90±3.92b
F值 F value	年份 Year		27.85*	65.52**	249.94**	1.00
	处理 Treatment		5.54*	5.10*	1.71	22928.65**
	年份×处理 Year×Treatment		1.90	9.15**	3.50*	0.00
	地点 Site		0.36	0.34	4.06	4.27
	处理 Treatment		12.16*	7.32*	1.92	0.87
	地点×处理 Site×Treatment		1.01	1.07	3.00*	7.00**

Effect of Growth Regulators on the Stem Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping

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