智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In response to the issues of low soil fertility and water-salt imbalance constraining sunflower production in the saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Irrigation Area (YRIA) in Inner Mongolia, this study investigated the regulatory effects of an intelligent drip irrigation-based water-fertilizer coupling regime on the saline-alkaline soil properties, as well as on sunflower growth and yield.【Method】Based on a two-year field study, this research employed a two-factor split-plot design conducted in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia, during 2023-2024. Sunflower was used as the test crop, with two irrigation methods, including surface irrigation and drip irrigation-assigned to the main plots, and four fertilization regimes applied in the sub-plots: chemical fertilizer alone (F), chemical fertilizer plus straw incorporation (FS), chemical fertilizer combined with cow manure (FM), and chemical fertilizer supplemented with high-carbon basal fertilizer (FH). The study evaluated the effects of different water-fertilizer management strategies on soil physicochemical properties, sunflower yield and quality, as well as nutrient physiological efficiency.【Result】Based on the two-year experimental period, the intelligent drip irrigation coupled with integrated water-fertilization practice significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the 0-40 cm layer by 41.2%, increased soil moisture content by 15.0%, elevated nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) content by 37.8%, and enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 10.8%, compared with traditional flood irrigation with conventional fertilization. Under traditional flood irrigation, the application of organic amendments significantly decreased EC by 7.3%-27.0% and reduced pH by 0.08-0.51 units relative to the chemical-fertilizer-only (F) treatment, while increasing SOC by 3.8%-13.0%, NO₃^--N by 9.2%-58.2%, available phosphorus (AP) by 32.2%-62.7%, and available potassium (AK) by 12.4%-22.7% in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments led to a reduction in EC by 3.7%-28.5% and increased in SOC by 4.3%-9.5%, NO₃^--N by 17.2%-61.4%, AP by 20.3%-48.8%, and AK by 3.6%-26.6%, compared with F treatment. In terms of crop performance, integrated intelligent drip irrigation with fertigation significantly enhanced sunflower plant height and stem diameter by 16.7% and 85.4%, respectively, over traditional flood irrigation. Nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) and phosphorus physiological efficiency (PPE) increased by 26.6% and 34.1%, respectively; biomass yield and grain yield rose by 12.8% and 89.5%, respectively; and water use efficiency (WUE) improved by 67.7%. Under traditional flood irrigation, organic amendments significantly raised plant height by 16.7%-17.5%, PPE by 27.1%, biomass yield by 37.0%-43.9%, grain yield by 6.0%-25.2%, WUE by 6.0%-25.2%, kernel percentage by 13.0%-17.9%, and grain fat content by 9.7% compared with F treatment. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments significantly improved plant height by 7.6%, NPE by 15.2%-17.2%, PPE by 17.2%, biomass yield by 23.7%, grain yield by 4.6%-20.4%, WUE by 4.6%-20.4%, kernel percentage by 6.2%-10.2%, and grain fat content by 3.3% relative to F treatment. Mantel analysis indicated that biomass yield and grain yield were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, SOC, plant height, stem diameter, NPE, and PPE (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with pH and EC. In summary, the combined application of intelligent drip irrigation with water-fertilizer integration, particularly in conjunction with cow manure or high-carbon basal fertilizer, demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, representing the most suitable water and fertilizer management strategy for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River irrigation area. 【Conclusion】 The integrated water-fertilizer regime under smart drip irrigation, combined with organic amendments, enhanced saline-alkali soil quality and sunflower productivity by effectively reducing soil salinity, improving nutrient availability, and increasing crop physiological efficiency.

Key words: saline soil, organic matter, smart drip irrigation, soil physicochemical properties, plant nutrients, yield

HAN ZheQun, SU Ying, GAO QiQi, LIU MeiYing, JIA AngYuan, ZHANG HaiRui, NAN ShanShan, XU QinZheng, WANG Qiang, WANG LiJun, WU XuePing. Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation, Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4158-4177.

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity (μs·cm^-1)	含盐量 Saltness (g·kg^-1)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
0-20	1.39	8.27	1162	5.80	7.51	0.92	19.30	209.8
20-40	1.32	8.20	997.33	5.90	8.15	0.93	16.43	175.8

盐碱地程度 Saline soil degree	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	施肥模式 Fertilization pattern		施肥量 Fertilization rate (kg·hm^-2)
盐碱地程度 Saline soil degree	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	模式 Pattern	代码 Code	施肥量 Fertilization rate (kg·hm^-2)
中度 Moderate	漫灌/滴灌 Flood irrigation/ Drip irrigation	单施化肥 Applying chemical fertilizers alone	F	基肥Base fertilizer N 120、P₂O₅ 75、K₂O 72 追肥Top-dressing N 180、K₂O 48
		化肥+秸秆 Chemical Fertilizer + Straw	FS	化肥量同上，秸秆 Fertilizer application rate as above. Straw: 9000.0
		化肥+牛粪 Chemical fertilizer + cow manure	FM	化肥量同上，牛粪 Fertilizer amount as above, cow manure: 8653.7
		化肥+高碳基肥 Chemical fertilizer + high-carbon fertilizer	FH	化肥量同上，高碳基肥 Fertilizer application rate as above. high-carbon base fertilizer: 8183.0

指标 Parameters	施肥处理 Fertilization method	漫灌 Flood irrigation	滴灌 Drip irrigation	显著性检验 P value
株高 Plant height (cm)	F	123.50±2.50b	166.33±13.43b	I：P<0.001 F：P=0.098 I×F：P=0.74
	FS	135.33±5.13b	167.67±5.03b
	FM	144.17±5.01a	173.67±5.86b
	FH	145.33±3.51a	179.00±5.20a
茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	F	16.87±0.60a	30.37±3.76a	I：P<0.001 F：P=0.849 I×F：P=0.958
	FS	17.07±2.18a	31.90±3.90a
	FM	17.27±1.25a	30.97±3.33a
	FH	18.37±0.59a	35.73±2.62a
出仁率 Rate of benevolence (%)	F	44.00±0.01c	48.70±0.01c	I：P=0.002 F：P<0.001 I×F：P=0.001
	FS	49.70±0.01b	49.54±0.01c
	FM	51.74±0.02a	51.68±0.01b
	FH	51.85±0.01a	53.67±0.01a
脂肪 Fat (%)	F	0.41±0.01b	0.42±0.004b	I：P=0.98 F：P=0.016 I×F：P=0.016
	FS	0.44±0.01ab	0.44±0.005ab
	FM	0.42±0.02b	0.44±0.003a
	FH	0.45±0.01a	0.43±0.003ab

Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation, Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality

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