新育中单系列玉米杂交种与亲本自交系的耐盐性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of the present study was to explore the correlation between seedling-stage salt tolerance in newly developed maize hybrids and salt tolerance in their parental inbred lines, evaluate the full growth-stage salt tolerance of hybrids with high seedling-stage salt tolerance, and provide resources and data support for development of maize hybrids suitable for saline-alkaline soils.【Method】Sixteen hybrid varieties and 30 parental inbred lines were used as materials for evaluating seedling-stage salt tolerance in 2024. The experiments were conducted in greenhouses at the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Two treatments were applied: CK (control) and SA (salt stress treatment). Seedling-stage salt tolerance and correlation analyses were performed by measuring seedling height and biomass. Salt-tolerant hybrids were selected, and leaf yellowing percentage and sodium ion (Na⁺) content were analyzed in the latest developed leaves to further validate their salt tolerance. Additionally, salt tolerance during the germination stage was tested in hybrid varieties Zhongdan 1130, Zhongdan 1112, and Zhongdan 1118, and yield measurements were carried out in saline-alkaline soils of Dongying City, Shandong Province.【Result】Under 350 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress, seedling height, fresh weight, and dry weight of the 16 hybrid varieties decreased by 53.73%-74.65% when compared with those in the control. Seven hybrids, including Zhengdan 958, Zhongdan 1130, Zhongdan 1112, and Zhongdan 1118, exhibited significantly higher morphological indices and salt tolerance coefficients than the average, demonstrating high salt tolerance. Under 250 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress, salt tolerance was validated for some hybrids. Zhengdan 958 and Zhongdan 1130 exhibited significantly lower leaf yellowing percentages and Na⁺ contents in their aboveground parts than the salt-sensitive hybrids Zhongdan 153 and Zhongdan 123. Correlation analysis between the salt tolerance of the hybrids and those of their parental lines revealed that the salt tolerance coefficient of the aboveground fresh weight and seedling condition under salt stress of hybrids was significantly correlated with maternal line seedling condition (P<0.05). Kompetitive allele specific PCR analysis indicated no correlation between salt tolerance of hybrids and number of favorable allelic variations at the four salt tolerance loci in the parental inbred lines. In situ trials in moderately saline-alkaline soils throughout the entire growth stage showed that Zhongdan 1130 had a yield of 6 577.50-8 034.71 kg per hectare, which was 14.35%-20.99% higher than that of Zhengdan 958. Zhongdan 1112 yielded 6 415.11-7 720.73 per hectare, with either no yield reduction or an increase of 7.22%-34.22% when compared to that of Zhengdan 958. Zhongdan 1118 yielded 6 075.45-6 958.35 kg per hectare, with a yield increase of 5.62%-10.33% when compared to that of Zhengdan 958. 【Conclusion】Salt tolerance of maize hybrids is correlated with that of parental lines; however, the correlation is significant only with the seedling condition of the maternal line. The number of favorable allelic variations in the salt-tolerance genes SOS1, HKT2, HAK4, and HKT1;2 in the parental lines was not significantly correlated with the salt tolerance of the hybrids. The newly developed hybrid Zhongdan 1130, which has high seedling-stage salt tolerance, exhibited a stable yield increase of > 14.35% in saline-alkaline soils in Shandong compared to that of Zhengdan 958, making it a suitable, high-yielding, salt-tolerant variety for adoption in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: maize, newly bred hybrids, parental, salt tolerance, yield

QU HaiYue, HAN JieNan, LI Ran, ZHANG Ze, LIU QianQian, HAO ZhuanFang, WENG JianFeng, ZHANG DeGui, ZHOU ZhiQiang, XU ZhenNan, RONG ZiGuo, WANG JuYing, YONG HongJun, LI MingShun. Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Newly Developed Zhongdan Series Maize Hybrid Varieties and Their Parental Inbred Lines[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4100-4116.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Phenotypic analysis of aboveground morphology in 16 maize hybrids under control and salt stress treatments"

序号 Serial number	杂交种 Hybrid	株高 PH (cm)		地上部鲜重 SFW (g)		地上部干重 SDW (g)		苗情 SR
序号 Serial number	杂交种 Hybrid	CK	SA	CK	SA	CK	SA	CK	SA
1	郑单958 Zhengdan958	34.44±3.83	24.78±3.00**	1.78±0.34	0.82±0.04**	0.22±0.05	0.14±0.00**	1.00	1.25
2	中单1109 Zhongdan1109	48.20±3.40	22.14±3.58**	2.28±0.31	0.53±0.17**	0.28±0.03	0.10±0.03**	1.00	2.25
3	中单111 Zhongdan111	50.51±5.28	18.29±7.39**	2.22±0.87	0.41±0.20**	0.29±0.11	0.07±0.02**	1.25	2.50
4	中单1112 Zhongdan1112	35.59±2.78	20.45±4.63**	1.49±0.46	0.56±0.25**	0.19±0.06	0.11±0.03**	1.00	2.00
5	中单1118 Zhongdan1118	48.13±1.77	28.71±5.50**	2.06±0.36	0.91±0.25**	0.26±0.02	0.17±0.05**	1.00	1.50
6	中单1130 Zhongdan1130	42.25±3.87	22.79±5.11**	1.80±0.29	0.56±0.23**	0.20±0.03	0.11±0.04**	1.25	2.00
7	中单1138 Zhongdan1138	52.72±4.71	26.66±3.68**	2.52±0.43	0.83±0.19**	0.34±0.04	0.16±0.04**	1.75	2.00
8	中单123 Zhongdan123	55.35±5.98	17.83±5.58**	3.20±0.70	0.40±0.21**	0.30±0.02	0.07±0.03**	1.00	3.00
9	中单126 Zhongdan126	36.08±3.55	22.56±3.81**	1.38±0.55	0.45±0.16**	0.16±0.05	0.09±0.03**	1.75	2.75
10	中单159 Zhongdan159	30.08±2.89	14.31±3.99**	0.86±0.16	0.15±0.07**	0.08±0.01	0.04±0.01**	1.00	3.00
11	中单153 Zhongdan153	52.18±3.88	15.53±3.17**	2.36±0.44	0.32±0.09**	0.22±0.03	0.05±0.01**	1.00	2.25
12	中单1159 Zhongdan1159	47.69±5.94	17.74±4.56**	2.01±0.33	0.33±0.09**	0.20±0.05	0.06±0.01**	1.00	2.50
13	中单4398 Zhongdan4398	53.23±3.78	16.99±5.84**	2.48±0.40	0.39±0.20**	0.26±0.04	0.07±0.03**	1.00	2.00
14	中单6311 Zhongdan6311	46.49±4.80	21.04±5.06**	2.27±0.52	0.53±0.21**	0.22±0.06	0.10±0.03**	1.00	2.25
15	京科968 Jingke968	46.99±5.12	21.35±6.68**	2.62±0.17	0.61±0.26**	0.25±0.04	0.10±0.05**	1.00	2.50
16	先玉335 Xianyu335	47.12±6.23	25.23±4.50**	2.20±0.12	0.71±0.09**	0.27±0.03	0.13±0.01**	1.25	2.00

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 4

Fig. 4

Table 5

Phenotypic analysis of aboveground morphology of maize parental inbred lines under control and salt stress treatments"

序号Serial number	杂交种 Hybrids	母本 Maternal	株高 PH (cm)		株高降低幅度 PRPH (%)	苗情 SR		父本 Paternal	株高 SH (cm)		株高降低幅度 PRPH (%)	苗情 SR
序号Serial number	杂交种 Hybrids	母本 Maternal	CK	SA	株高降低幅度 PRPH (%)	苗情 SR		父本 Paternal	CK	SA	株高降低幅度 PRPH (%)	苗情 SR
1	郑单958 Zhengdan958	郑58 Zheng58	33.46±4.13	23.40±2.07**	30.07		1.00	昌7-2 Chang7-2	40.37±2.83	31.05±4.45*	23.08	1.25
2	中单1118 Zhongdan1118	CA699	39.37±4.84	27.33±6.33**	30.59		2.00	CA822	39.72±3.88	31.63±5.53*	20.36	2.25
3	中单1112 Zhongdan1112	CA562	33.31±4.94	24.81±5.45**	25.50		1.75	CA270	32.93±3.17	16.38±1.35*	50.26	4.00
4	中单126 Zhongdan126	XN8147	32.86±3.78	26.24±2.83**	20.13		1.50	LX736	34.86±4.96	25.75±4.76*	26.13	2.75
5	中单1130 Zhongdan1130	CA422	35.69±3.30	27.61±4.70**	22.65		2.00	CA515	43.43±3.92	27.42±3.58*	36.88	1.25
6	先玉335 Xianyu335	PH6WC	44.65±3.90	30.76±5.58**	31.10		1.50	PH4CV	39.50±2.27	20.22±3.77*	48.82	3.75
7	中单1138 Zhongdan1138	DN2710	47.41±4.52	27.50±4.74**	42.00		2.00	XN8147	32.86±3.78	26.24±2.83*	20.13	1.50
8	中单6311 Zhongdan6311	CA135	41.67±3.67	/	/		4.00	MM501D	37.79±4.70	18.20±3.81*	51.83	3.00
9	中单159 Zhongdan159	LX228	34.18±4.49	/	/		4.00	FAC	35.01±3.19	26.32±4.19*	24.82	2.75
10	京科968 Jingke968	京724 Jing724	33.58±10.55	25.70±8.43**	23.23		1.50	京92 Jing92	34.97±4.87	17.80±3.82*	49.09	3.50
11	中单1109 Zhongdan1109	CA516	44.36±3.65	29.95±5.86**	32.49		1.75	CA232	43.32±3.83	31.05±4.04*	28.32	1.25
12	中单1159 Zhongdan1159	LX419	31.40±3.50	19.99±2.87**	36.35		2.50	LX689	28.93±4.78	18.70±3.18*	35.36	2.75
13	中单111 Zhongdan111	CA193	51.01±4.40	30.18±7.03**	40.84		3.00	CA80	/	/	/	/
14	中单4398 Zhongdan4398	中5801 Zhong5801	34.44±5.51	27.26±3.88**	20.87		1.75	中12CA87B Zhong12CA87B	37.87±6.39	26.05±4.22*	31.21	1.50
15	中单123 Zhongdan123	TF9	34.84±6.92	26.44±5.85**	24.11		2.50	LX240	35.91±6.98	26.41±3.74*	26.43	2.25
16	中单153 Zhongdan153	CA193	51.01±4.40	30.18±7.03**	40.84		3.00	CA178	32.11±5.50	24.27±4.69*	24.42	2.25

Table 5

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 6

Fig. 9

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分类 Classification	苗情 SR	植株在盐胁迫下受害情况 Seedling condition under salt stress
杂交种 Hybrids	1级 Grade 1	倒一叶与倒二叶叶尖发黄，其他叶片呈绿色 Yellowing at the tips of the topmost leaf (L1) and second leaf (L2); other leaves remain green
	2级 Grade 2	倒一叶全部干枯，倒二叶叶尖发黄，其他叶片呈绿色 Complete desiccation of L1; yellowing at the tip of L2; other leaves green
	3级 Grade 3	倒一叶全部干枯，倒二叶黄枯大于50%，其他叶片呈绿色 Complete desiccation of L1; >50% yellowing/browning of L2; other leaves green
	4级 Grade 4	叶片全部黄枯或倒伏 Entire plant exhibits yellowing, desiccation, or lodging
自交系 Inbred lines	1级 Grade 1	倒一叶未全部干枯，倒二叶发黄面积小于50%，其他叶片呈绿色 L1 not fully desiccated; <50% yellowing of L2; other leaves green
	2级 Grade 2	倒一叶全部干枯，倒二叶发黄面积小于50%，倒三叶叶尖发黄，其他叶片呈绿色 Complete desiccation of L1; <50% yellowing of L2; yellowing at the tip of L3 (third leaf); other leaves green
	3级 Grade 3	倒一叶全部干枯，倒二叶发黄面积大于50%，倒三叶发黄，萎蔫 Complete desiccation of L1; >50% yellowing of L2; L3 shows yellowing and wilting
	4级 Grade 4	整株叶片发黄、萎蔫、枯死，包括死亡情况 Whole plant yellowed, wilted, desiccated, or dead (including mortality)

杂交种 Hybrid	山东垦利 Shandong Kenli	山东农高区 Shandong Nonggaoqu	山东垦利 Shandong Kenli
杂交种 Hybrid	5 m长小区 5 m experimental plot	5 m长小区 5 m experimental plot	0.07 hm²
郑单958 Zhengdan958	6306.60	5752.28±1623.13	6641.08±749.96
中单1130 Zhongdan1130	7367.85	6577.55±1035.00	8034.71±1328.48
中单1112 Zhongdan1112	6761.85	7720.73±2429.23	6415.11±202.21
中单1118 Zhongdan1118	6958.35	6075.38±271.00	\
先玉335 Xianyu335	5093.85	6323.35±643.15	\

Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Newly Developed Zhongdan Series Maize Hybrid Varieties and Their Parental Inbred Lines

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序号 Serial number	杂交种 Hybrids	父本 Paternal	类群 Group	母本 Maternal	类群 Group
1	郑单958 Zhengdan958	昌7-2 Chang7-2	四平头Sipingtou	郑58 Zheng58	SS
2	中单1109 Zhongdan1109	CA232	NSS	CA516	SS
3	中单111 Zhongdan111	CA80	SS	CA193	NSS
4	中单1112 Zhongdan1112	CA270	SS	CA562	NSS
5	中单1118 Zhongdan1118	CA822	SS	CA699	四平头Sipingtou
6	中单1130 Zhongdan1130	CA515	NSS	CA422	SS
7	中单1138 Zhongdan1138	XN8147	NSS	DN2710	四平头Sipingtou
8	中单123 Zhongdan123	LX240	NSS	TF9	SS
9	中单126 Zhongdan126	LX736	四平头Sipingtou	XN8147	NSS
10	中单159 Zhongdan159	FAC	SS	LX228	NSS
11	中单153 Zhongdan153	CA178	SS	CA193	NSS
12	中单1159 Zhongdan1159	LX689	NSS	LX419	四平头Sipingtou
13	中单4398 Zhongdan4398	中12CA87B Zhong12CA87B	NSS	中5801 Zhong5801	SS
14	中单6311 Zhongdan6311	MM501D	NSS	CA135	SS
15	京科968 Jingke968	京92 Jing92	四平头Sipingtou	京724 Jing724	X群X qun
16	先玉335 Xianyu335	PH4CV	NSS	PH6WC	SS

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