滴灌不同用量的氮钾肥对土壤盐分及南疆香梨产量、品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to assess the impacts of nitrogen and potassium application rates under drip irrigation on the soil salinity, yield, and quality of labor-saving and high-density Korla fragrant pear orchards, and to put forward the appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilization was crucial for scientific field fertilization management.【Method】A field experiment was conducted, and the treatments included five nitrogen application rates (0, N0; 100 kg·hm^-2, N1; 200 kg·hm^-2, N2; 300 kg·hm^-2, N3; 400 kg·hm^-2, N4), four potassium application rates (0, K0; 50 kg·hm^-2, K1; 100 kg·hm^-2, K2; 150 kg·hm^-2, K3). The differences in soil salinity, yield and quality of fragrant pears under different nitrogen and potassium application levels were analyzed. The grey correlation analysis was used to assess the optimal N and K application rates.【Result】Nitrogen and potassium application rate significantly influenced soil salt accumulation in the 0-100 cm soil layer at different growth stages (P<0.05). As the nitrogen rate increased, salt accumulation first decreased and then increased. The lowest salt accumulation was obtained from nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2, which was 18.7%-237.0% lower than other treatments. With potassium application rate increasing, salt accumulation gradually decreased. And the lowest value was obtained with potassium application rate of 150 kg·hm^-2, which was 10.0%-219.1% lower than other potassium application rates. Both nitrogen and potassium application rate significantly influenced the yield and quality of fragrant pears (P<0.05). The yield and fruit quality firstly increased and then decreased with the nitrogen application rate increasing, and the best was obtained from the nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2. The yield, single fruit weight, and soluble solids were 9.0%-16.7%, 2.4%-8.6%, and 2.3%-5.8% higher than other nitrogen application rates treatments, respectively, while peel hardness decreased by 2.5%-4.1%. Higher potassium application rates result in a greater yield and quality, and the yield, fruit weight and soluble solid under potassium application rate of 150 kg·hm^-2were 2.2%-7.9%, 2.3%-6.5% and 0.5%-3.7% greater than other potassium application rate treatments, respectively, while the peeling hardness decreased by 0.8%-8.0%. Grey correlation analysis indicated that N3K3 treatment produced a high yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear.【Conclusion】The appropriate nitrogen and potassium application rates were 300 and 150 kg·hm^-2for labor-saving cultivated Korla fragrant pear under drip irrigation.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear, drip irrigation, labor-saving cultivation, soil salinity, yield, quality, Southern Xinjiang

WANG Long, WANG Jun, JIANG Jing, LIU Hao, LIU DeZhao, LI JiuSheng. Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Application Rate on Soil Salinity, Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear Under Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3473-3487.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤含盐量 Soil salinity (g·kg^-1)	pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	颗粒质量百分数 Particle mass percentage (%)			土壤质地 Soil texture
土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤含盐量 Soil salinity (g·kg^-1)	pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	<0.002 mm	0.05—0.002 mm	0.05—2.0 mm	土壤质地 Soil texture
0—20	6.44	8.05	1.58	8.36	75.91	15.73	粉壤土 Silty loam
20—40	9.47	7.98	1.53	9.95	78.71	11.34
40—60	11.98	7.48	1.59	12.55	78.10	9.35
60—80	5.65	7.44	1.58	6.88	66.51	26.61
80—100	5.15	7.69	1.59	6.54	60.12	33.34

2022				2023
处理 Treatment	坐果期 Fruit setting stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Ripening stage	处理 Treatment	坐果期 Fruit setting stage	膨果期 Fruit swelling stage	成熟期 Ripening stage
N1K1	302.88±14.42a	318.39±0.5a	308.88±22.21a	N2K1	260.21±11.22a	317.87±14.6ab	288.29±10.67bc
N2K1	289.85±13.8ab	305.07±6.1abc	310.11±11.02a	N3K1	223.31±11.75b	305.17±16.17ab	301.38±23.81abc
N3K1	299.84±14.28ab	294.14±12.14c	261.74±8.69cd	N4K1	257.5±2.18ab	333.24±16.41a	331.3±0.51a
N0K2	287.53±10.85ab	305.43±5.65abc	308.75±18.17ab	N0K2	261.88±9.05a	311.94±14.55ab	296.66±9.88abc
N1K2	284.64±13.55ab	314.43±5.76ab	298.92±13.3ab	N2K2	263.89±4.2a	299.78±22.69ab	288.36±9.37bc
N2K2	287.3±27.66ab	304.51±1.65abc	290.39±7.7abc	N3K2	264.33±8.07a	266.82±13.8c	282.12±24.02bc
N3K2	284.64±13.55ab	299.38±8.19bc	281.43±28.1abc	N4K2	267.24±14.07a	313.99±15.32ab	316.63±10.49ab
N1K3	287.07±13.67ab	315.94±6.73ab	278.75±3.17abc	N2K3	256.11±13.48ab	313.32±5.68ab	294.07±23.33abc
N2K3	294.54±14.03ab	304.68±5.22abc	266.55±7.18bcd	N3K3	262.12±13.8a	296.6±6.02bc	269.84±19.54c
N3K3	247.04±11.76b	296.11±13.43c	242.09±23.42d	N4K3	273.42±14.39a	307.55±13.15ab	306.42±26.41abc
N3K0	272.59±12.98ab	309.32±2abc	285.24±5.64abc	N3K0	261.46±6.18a	312.75±14.62ab	278.49±8.15bc
显著性Significance
N	ns (P=0.651)	** (P=0.001 )	** (P =0.002)	N	ns (P =0.356)	* (P =0.033)	* (P=0.014)
K	ns (P=0.452)	ns (P=0.226)	ns (P =0.051)	K	ns (P =0.158)	ns (P =0.069)	ns (P=0.385)
N×K	ns (P=0.405)	ns (P=0.932)	ns (P=0.185)	N×K	ns (P =0.316)	ns (P =0.404)	ns (P=0.385)

因子 Factor	坐果期 Fruit setting stage		膨果期 Fruit swelling stage		成熟期 Ripening stage
因子 Factor	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
N	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)
K	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)
N×K	** (P=0.000)	ns (P=0.074)	ns (P=0.624)	* (P=0.048)	** (P=0.002)	ns (P=0.052)

因子 Factor	产量Yield(kg·hm^-2）
因子 Factor	2022	2023
N	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)
K	* (P=0.010)	** (P=0.000)
N×K	ns (P=0.935)	** (P=0.002)

试验处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content (%)	去皮硬度 Peel firmness (kg·cm^-2)
N1K1	112.77±3.17c	11.15±0.19abc	7.77±0.22ab
N2K1	115.93±2.19bc	11.57±0.18ab	8.08±0.63a
N3K1	118.98±0.52bc	11.77±0.43ab	7.49±0.4abc
N0K2	118.46±2.05bc	10.6±0.59bc	7.63±0.42abc
N1K2	111.93±3.64c	11.75±0.43c	6.88±0.32c
N2K2	118.51±5.3bc	11.95±0.27a	7.98±0.54a
N3K2	122.77±5.89ab	12.1±0.7a	6.89±0.56abc
N1K3	115.9±3.98bc	11.21±0.29abc	7.51±0.22abc
N2K3	121.88±5.13ab	11.75±0.76ab	7.08±0.21bc
N3K3	128.16±2.56a	12.21±0.64a	6.88±0.43c
N3K0	116.76±4.78bc	11.25±0.96abc	7.39±0.6c
显著性Significance
N	** (P=0.000）	** (P=0.008)	ns (P=0.089)
K	** (P=0.003)	** (P=0.034)	* (P=0.043)
N×K	ns (P=0.733)	ns (P=0.694)	ns (P=0.101)

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Application Rate on Soil Salinity, Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear Under Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang

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2022			2023
处理编号 Treatment	N (kg·hm^-2)	K (kg·hm^-2)	处理编号 Treatment	N (kg·hm^-2)	K (kg·hm^-2)
N1K1	100	50	N2K1	200	50
N1K2	100	100	N2K2	200	100
N1K3	100	150	N2K3	200	150
N2K1	200	50	N0K2	0	100
N2K2	200	100	N3K0	300	0
N2K3	200	150	N3K1	300	50
N0K2	0	100	N3K2	300	100
N3K0	300	0	N3K3	300	150
N3K1	300	50	N4K1	400	50
N3K2	300	100	N4K2	400	100
N3K3	300	150	N4K3	400	150

试验处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content (%)	去皮硬度 Peel firmness (kg·cm^-2)	Vc (mg·100g^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity (g·L^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio
N2K1	110.55±1.64d	11.35±0.66d	7.6±0.39b	1.99±0.03cd	7.8±0.19c	0.88±0.07abc	88.44±4.35c
N3K1	116.27±5.91bcd	12.06±0.46ab	7.5±0.33bc	2.09±0.03ab	7.93±0.16c	0.9±0.01ab	88.48±2.52c
N4K1	117.66±2.49cd	11.86±0.5abcd	7.37±0.27bc	2.11±0.02bc	7.35±0.1d	0.92±0.05ab	79.72±3.41d
N0K2	114.63±0.72cd	11.39±0.34cd	8.1±0.38a	1.92±0.18d	6.92±0.14ef	0.9±0.08ab	77.11±3.86d
N2K2	116.31±2.08bcd	11.77±0.65abcd	7.43±0.22bc	2.2±0.03bc	8.47±0.07ab	0.82±0.05bcd	103.63±0.99b
N3K2	122.17±4.4b	12.18±0.56a	6.99±0.27d	2.32±0.03a	8.74±0.21a	0.78±0.04cd	111.73±6.37ab
N4K2	120.19±2.42bc	11.92±0.36abc	7.34±0.25bc	2.3±0.04ab	6.55±0.14gh	0.91±0.07ab	74.86±5.36de
N2K3	119.11±4.56bc	11.83±0.45abcd	7.32±0.24bc	1.87±0.11bc	7.7±0.15c	0.74±0.09d	104.27±4.48b
N3K3	127.79±2.15a	12.23±0.34a	6.94±0.29d	2.1±0.06a	8.28±0.14b	0.73±0.06d	113.4±1.99a
N4K3	119.89±1.78bc	11.51±0.8bcd	7.27±0.28c	2.18±0.12bcd	6.55±0.14g	0.97±0.1a	67.42±1.43e
N3K0	115.73±3.79cd	11.6±0.35bcd	7.29±0.23bc	2.04±0.01d	7.2±0.11de	0.95±0.09a	76.01±5.23de
显著性Significance
N	** (P=0.001)	** (P=0.000)	**(P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.007)	** (P=0.000)
K	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.025)	** (P=0.001)	** (P=0.000)	** (P=0.000)	ns (P=0.058)	** (P=0.000)
N×K	ns (P=0.199)	ns (P=0.183)	ns (P=0.097)	ns (P=0.419)	** (P=0.000)	ns (P=0.087)	** (P=0.000)

指标 Indicator	特征向量 Eigenvector	权重值 Weight value (%)	最大特征根 Largest eigenvalue	CI值 CI value
产量Yield	1.70	21.21	8.31	0.04
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	1.42	17.73
糖酸比Ratio of sugar to acid	1.20	15.03
可滴定酸Titratable acidity	1.02	12.80
去皮硬度Peel hardness	0.87	10.92
单果重Individual fruit weight	0.60	7.44
Vc	0.60	7.44
可溶性固形物Soluble solids content	0.60	7.44

指标Indicator	N2K1	N3K1	N4K1	N0K2	N2K2	N3K2	N4K2	N2K3	N3K3	N4K3	N3K0
产量Yield	0.39	0.57	0.36	0.33	0.42	0.68	0.44	0.68	1	0.37	0.38
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0.54	0.57	0.44	0.38	0.8	1	0.33	0.51	0.7	0.33	0.42
糖酸比Ratio of sugar to acid	0.48	0.48	0.41	0.39	0.7	0.93	0.37	0.72	1	0.33	0.38
可滴定酸Titratable acidity	0.42	0.4	0.37	0.4	0.53	0.66	0.38	0.9	1	0.33	0.35
去皮硬度Peel hardness	0.45	0.49	0.55	0.33	0.52	0.91	0.57	0.58	1	0.61	0.6
单果重Individual fruit weight	0.33	0.43	0.46	0.4	0.43	0.61	0.53	0.5	1	0.52	0.42
Vc	0.41	0.64	0.51	0.36	0.5	1	0.62	0.52	0.97	0.45	0.33
可溶性固形物Soluble solids content	0.33	0.72	0.54	0.34	0.49	0.9	0.59	0.52	1	0.38	0.41
关联度R Correlation degree R	0.43	0.53	0.44	0.36	0.57	0.83	0.45	0.64	0.95	0.4	0.41
优劣次序Order of merit	8	5	7	11	4	2	6	3	1	10	9

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