种植密度与施氮量互作对不同玉米品种产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.21.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Reasonably increasing planting density combined with appropriate nitrogen (N) application rate is an important technical approach for increasing maize yield and resource use efficiency. Understanding the interactive effects of planting density and N rate on maize growth, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) during the growing season, could provide a basis for improving its use efficiency when increasing planting density and controlling N input in maize production. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted during 2022 to 2023 in Jilin Province. Two maize cultivars, Liangyu 99 (LY99) and Demeiya 3 (DMY3), were used in this study. Three planting densities of 50 000, 70 000 and 90 000 plants/hm² and four N application rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N·hm^-2were designed to investigate the effects of planting density and N application rate on grain yield and water productivity of different maize cultivars, as well as the dry matter (DM), soil water content, ET and WUE at various growth stages. 【Result】Planting density significantly affected DM and grain yield of maize, but the response trends varied between cultivars. Grain yields of LY99 with 70 000 plants/hm² was 11.1% and 18.3% higher than that with 50 000 and 90 000 plants/hm², respectively. The average yield of DMY3 planted with 70 000 plants/hm² and 90 000 plants/hm² was 10.5% and 9.3% higher than that of 50 000 plants/hm², respectively. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased DM and grain yield of maize, and also showed significant interactive effects with cultivar or planting density. Compared with N0, grain yields of LY99 were increased by 38.0% to 60.7% under N1, and the yield increases for DMY3 were 24.4% to 38.2%. Notably, the yield responses to N rates were more pronounced for LY99 compared with DMY3. For both cultivars, the yield differences between low N rate and high N rate enlarged with increasing planting density, with LY99 showing a more distinct performance. The water consumption and utilization of maize plants were also significantly affected by planting density, N rate and their interaction. During the growing season, the total ET of DMY3 continually increased with increasing density, while that of LY99 showed the highest values with 70 000 plants/hm² among different densities. In each density condition, the ET of both cultivars increased with increasing N application rates. The WUE of maize plants showed complex responses to planting density and N rate at different growth stages, due to the varied annual precipitation and distribution patterns. The average increase of water productivity of LY99 under planting 50 000 and 70 000 plants/hm² was 8.6% and 10.4% compared with 90 000 plants/hm² respectively_. DMY3 had the highest water productivity when planting 70 000 plants/hm², which increased by 5.8% and 5.3% compared with 50 000 and 90 000 plants/hm², respectively. The water productivity showed different responses to N rate among the three densities. In general, the difference of nitrogen application under low density was small, but it increased significantly under medium and high density. Compared wtih DMY3, LY99 showed higher increases for water productivity when N fertilizer was applied under medium and high density conditions. The correlation analysis showed that interactive effects of planting density and N rate significantly affected maize yield and water productivity by influencing the water utilization at various growth stages. 【Conclusion】Planting density and N rate had significant interactive effects on maize yield and water utilization in the rain-fed region of Northeast China. The two maize cultivars used in this study could obtain high grain yield and water productivity under a moderately higher density of 70 000 plants/hm² combined with 200 kg N·hm^-2 rate.

Key words: planting density, nitrogen rate, maize, cultivar, grain yield, water use efficiency

TIAN LongBing, SHEN ZhaoYin, ZHAO XiaoTian, ZHANG Fang, HOU WenFeng, GAO Qiang, WANG Yin. Interactive Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Plant Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Two Maize Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(21): 4221-4237.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Effects of planting density and nitrogen rate on soil water storage (mm) at different growth stages for different maize cultivars in 2022 and 2023"

种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	2022							2023
		播种 Sowing	八叶期 V8		吐丝期 R1		成熟期 R6		播种Sowing		八叶期 V8		吐丝期 R1		成熟期 R6
			良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3	良玉99 LY99	德美亚3 DMY3
D1	N0	251.2	359.2a	364.5a	377.6a	391.5a	327.1a	343.8a	245.1a	247.4a	240.3a	240.7a	292.2a	282.6a	285.6a	271.8a
	N1	251.2	352.3ab	344.1b	348.6b	366.9b	293.2b	313.9b	232.8b	239.4ab	222.7b	229.5ab	268.0b	264.8b	256.5b	245.6b
	N2	251.2	346.8ab	334.8b	336.0c	353.3bc	272.4c	289.2c	226.0b	233.8b	217.4b	222.3b	259.6bc	253.3bc	240.9c	238.7b
	N3	251.2	338.0b	331.2b	323.1c	336.3c	254.2d	269.2d	222.5b	232.9b	212.7b	219.8b	250.1c	243.7c	222.9d	214.5c
D2	N0	251.2	344.4a	339.9a	343.2a	362.9a	282.1a	317.6a	231.2a	232.9a	223.9a	224.2a	260.0a	258.3a	240.9a	246.7a
	N1	251.2	333.0ab	333.5ab	318.0b	339.7b	251.9b	279.6b	227.0a	229.2a	216.4b	217.4ab	235.5b	247.8b	206.5b	229.4b
	N2	251.2	327.71ab	318.2bc	299.5c	318.2c	218.5c	255.1c	217.6ab	222.4ab	202.2c	206.6b	217.0c	230.9c	181.2c	201.8c
	N3	251.2	319.5b	314.5c	289.0c	307.2c	203.2c	245.7d	210.1b	219.1b	192.5c	204.0b	206.4c	221.8c	167.3c	191.8d
D3	N0	251.2	326.7a	327.8a	350.0a	333.3a	301.4a	284.5a	222.7a	224.4a	210.5a	212.4a	273.7a	239.5a	263.1a	215.0a
	N1	251.2	319.4a	321.1a	332.1b	312.6b	276.9b	254.6b	217.7a	217.7ab	201.0ab	203.7ab	252.3b	225.5b	253.2a	203.0b
	N2	251.2	316.2a	313.7a	320.7c	305.8bc	257.4c	233.3c	213.0ab	213.1b	191.6b	196.8b	232.1c	213.0c	212.2b	181.5c
	N3	251.2	313.5a	312.8a	309.0c	297.8c	237.2d	217.7d	208.7b	209.4b	188.1b	191.9b	226.7c	205.1c	198.2c	161.7d
方差分析ANOVA
品种Cultivar (C)			**		*		***		ns		ns		**		***
密度Density (D)			***		***		***		***		***		***		***
氮素N fertilizer (N)			***		***		***		**		**		***		***
C×D			ns		***		***		ns		ns		***		***
C×N			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
D×N			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
C×D×N			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	播种天数 Days after sowing (d)			降雨量 Precipitation (mm)
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	八叶期 V8	吐丝期 R1	成熟期 R6	播种—八叶期 Sowing—V8	八叶期—吐丝期 V8—R1	吐丝期—成熟期 R1—R6	全生育期 Sowing—R6
2022	德美亚3 DMY3	43	63	126	186	148	214	548
2022	良玉99 LY99	48	75	137	203	144	207	554
2023	德美亚3 DMY3	51	76	132	36	210	218	464
2023	良玉99 LY99	53	86	145	36	245	187	468

Interactive Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Plant Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Two Maize Cultivars

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