不同施氮量下玉米生长及产量对间作豆科绿肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.10.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to clarify the response of maize growth and yield with different nitrogen application rates to intercropped green manure, so as to provide the basis for establishing maize production pattern with nitrogen fertilizer saving via green manure in arid irrigation area.【Method】 A split plot experiment design was adopted, and two planting patterns of maize intercropping with common vetch (MV) and sole maize (SM) were set up in the main plot. Five nitrogen application rates were set up in the split plot: the recommended nitrogen application rates were N360: 360 kg N·hm^-2, application rates reduced with 25% (N270): 270 kg N·hm^-2, and that reduced with 50% (N180): 180 kg N·hm^-2, reduced with 75% (N90): 90 kg N·hm^-2, and no nitrogen application (N0). Leaf area index (LAI), daily leaf volume (LAD), light energy utilization rate, dry matter accumulation and yield of maize were investigated.【Result】 In 75-150 days after maize emergence, the LAI, total LAD and light use efficiency of maize with reduced nitrogen application rate (N270, N180, N90, N0) were increased by intercropped green manure. The maize LAI, total LAD and light use efficiency under M||V with N270, N180, N90, and N0 were significantly increased by 9.8%, 8.2% and 4.6% than that under SM, respectively. The maize LAI, total LAD and light use efficiency under M||V with N270 was not different with that with N360, in 75-150 days after maize emergence, and which was greater than that of other treatments. Somehow, the maize LAI, total LAD and light use efficiency of SM was decreased with reduced nitrogen application rate. The dry matter accumulation of maize under N270, N180, N90, and N0 was significantly increased by intercropped with green manure than that of sole maize, in 90-150 d days after maize emergence, which was increased by 4.6%. In 75-130 days after maize emergence, the growth rate of maize under M||V was significantly increased by 5.9% compared that with SM. With the same reduced nitrogen application rate (N270, N180, N90, and N0), the maize grain yield under M||V was significantly increased by 8.5% than that under SM. The grain yield of intercropped maize under N270 was significantly higher than that of sole maize under N360. Compared with SM, the kernel number per ear and 1000-grain weight of maize under M||V were significantly increased by 6.0% and 6.3%, respectively. The results of the fitting curve showed that the greatest grain yield of maize intercropped with green manure was 14 876.4 kg·hm^-2 with nitrogen application rate 261.4 kg·hm^-2. While the greatest grain yield of sole maize was 14 012.5 kg·hm^-2 with nitrogen application rate of 348.6 kg·hm^-2. The effect of reducing nitrogen application on the fresh yield and nitrogen accumulation of green manure was significant. The fresh yield of green manure under M||VN270 was significantly higher than that under M||VN360, M||VN90 and M||VN0 by 3.8%, 4.6%, and 9.7%, respectively, while the nitrogen accumulation with M||VN 270 was significantly higher than that with M||VN90 and M||VN0 by 5.3% and 11.9 %, respectively. The total dry matter accumulation of maize with reduced nitrogen applied rate was increased by intercropped green manure, and then the number of grains per ear and thousand grains weight of maize was increased. Therefore, the intercropped maize could obtain a greater level of grain yield with the condition of reduced nitrogen application rate.【Conclusion】 The treatment of 25% reduced nitrogen rate with intercropped green manure could make maize obtain higher yield than sole maize with the recommended nitrogen application rate. This pattern could be used as a recommended production method for chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced application of maize in the research region and even similar ecological region.

Key words: green manure intercropping, nitrogen reduced application rate, yield, light use efficiency, maize, common vetch

DONG YongJie, ZHANG Diaoliang, LI Yue, PENG JianChen, HU FaLong, YIN Wen, CHAI Qiang, FAN ZhiLong. Response of Maize Growth and Yield with Different Nitrogen Application Rates to Intercropped Leguminous Green Manure[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(10): 1900-1914.

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年份 Year	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N level	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	单位面积穗数 Spike number (spikes·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
2022	M\|\|V	N360	14232b	82490a	627ab	398a
		N270	14823a	82371a	628a	392abc
		N180	13981bc	80996abc	599bc	372bc
		N90	13340de	80387bcd	578de	358d
		N0	11034g	79066de	556fg	336e
	SM	N360	14281b	82656a	626a	390ab
		N270	13656cd	82039ab	590cd	372c
		N180	13045e	81025abc	568ef	354d
		N90	12081f	79900cde	543g	331e
		N0	9827h	78282e	517h	307f
2023	M\|\|V	N360	14411b	80643ab	614ab	414a
		N270	15046a	81192a	624a	427a
		N180	14259bc	80270ab	605b	408a
		N90	13537d	79236bcd	571c	364bc
		N0	11868f	77934de	559c	347bc
	SM	N360	14498b	80472ab	616ab	420a
		N270	13944c	80531ab	601b	402a
		N180	13463d	79865abc	570c	367b
		N90	12405e	78756cd	540d	351bc
		N0	10475g	77161e	511e	337c
显著性（P值）Significance (P value)
种植模式 Cropping pattern, C			0.000	0.080	0.000	0.000
施氮水平 N fertilizer level, N			0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N			0.000	0.925	0.000	0.024

处理 Treatment	绿肥鲜草产量 Fresh yield of green manure (kg·hm^-2)	绿肥氮素还田量 Nitrogen accumulation of green manure (kg·hm^-2)
M\|\|V N360	16623bc	134ab
M\|\|V N270	17250a	137a
M\|\|V N180	17008ab	136a
M\|\|V N90	16498c	130b
M\|\|V N0	15716d	123c

指标 Index	简单相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
指标 Index	简单相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6
X1	0.867^**	0.201	-	0.340	-0.129	-0.232	0.581	0.107
X2	0.939^**	0.420	0.163	-	-0.137	-0.258	0.633	0.119
X3	0.925^**	-0.146	0.177	0.395	-	-0.258	0.635	0.121
X4	0.942^**	-0.267	0.174	0.406	-0.141	-	0.648	0.122
X5	0.961^**	0.665	0.193	0.400	-0.139	-0.260	-	0.120
X6	0.893^**	0.133	0.179	0.376	-0.133	-0.245	0.601	-

Response of Maize Growth and Yield with Different Nitrogen Application Rates to Intercropped Leguminous Green Manure

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